--- _id: '13805' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Introduction\r\n\r\nSocial determinants play a critical role in shaping mental health (MH) outcomes. The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of addressing such factors to reduce MH disparities. This scoping review aims to assess the landscape of research on social determinants of MH in Germany, focusing on frequently studied social determinants, MH outcomes, and underlying theoretical frameworks and explanatory mechanisms, particularly the consideration of the framework of intersectionality.\r\nMethods\r\n\r\nFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Studies that specifically addressed social determinants of MH in Germany were targeted, and data were charted to map key research trends.\r\nResults\r\n\r\nA total of 73 studies were included in the data analysis and synthesis, and outcomes were grouped into eight social determinants of health domains. The most frequently examined domains were demographics (in 96.0% of included studies), interpersonal/community/cultural influences (89.3%), economic stability (72.0%), and education (57.3%). Less frequently addressed domains included neighborhood and built environment (25.3%), environmental events (16.0%), other health-related determinants (16.0%), and healthcare access and quality (5.3%). We observed substantial heterogeneity within and between domains. MH outcomes were more often studied in terms of mental illness than positively defined MH, with depression and anxiety being the most frequently assessed outcomes. Theoretical frameworks such as the biopsychosocial model, social-ecological perspectives, and resilience theory were commonly applied, while intersectionality was rarely explicitly analyzed.\r\nDiscussion\r\n\r\nThis scoping review delineates the research landscape on social determinants of MH in Germany. The findings point towards a predominant focus on individual-level determinants, with comparatively limited attention to systemic and structural factors. Moreover, an emphasis on mental illness rather than MH, alongside substantial heterogeneity in measured constructs, may constrain the understanding of MH disparities. These gaps highlight the need for more comprehensive, intersectional approaches that account for the diversity of individuals, contexts, and outcomes." article_number: '145' article_type: review author: - first_name: Martin S. full_name: Lehe, Martin S. last_name: Lehe - first_name: Pauline full_name: Reiß, Pauline last_name: Reiß - first_name: Vanessa C. full_name: Jürgensen, Vanessa C. last_name: Jürgensen - first_name: Georg full_name: Halbeisen, Georg id: '85780' last_name: Halbeisen orcid: 0000-0002-9529-2215 - first_name: Georgios full_name: Paslakis, Georgios last_name: Paslakis citation: ama: 'Lehe MS, Reiß P, Jürgensen VC, Halbeisen G, Paslakis G. Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2026;25(1). doi:10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0' apa: 'Lehe, M. S., Reiß, P., Jürgensen, V. C., Halbeisen, G., & Paslakis, G. (2026). Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts. International Journal for Equity in Health, 25(1), Article 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0' bjps: 'Lehe MS et al. (2026) Social Determinants of Mental Health in Germany: A Systematic Scoping Review Mapping the Landscape of Researched Determinants, Outcome Measures, and Explanatory Concepts. International Journal for Equity in Health 25.' chicago: 'Lehe, Martin S., Pauline Reiß, Vanessa C. Jürgensen, Georg Halbeisen, and Georgios Paslakis. “Social Determinants of Mental Health in Germany: A Systematic Scoping Review Mapping the Landscape of Researched Determinants, Outcome Measures, and Explanatory Concepts.” International Journal for Equity in Health 25, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0.' chicago-de: 'Lehe, Martin S., Pauline Reiß, Vanessa C. Jürgensen, Georg Halbeisen und Georgios Paslakis. 2026. Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts. International Journal for Equity in Health 25, Nr. 1. doi:10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0, .' din1505-2-1: 'Lehe, Martin S. ; Reiß, Pauline ; Jürgensen, Vanessa C. ; Halbeisen, Georg ; Paslakis, Georgios: Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts. In: International Journal for Equity in Health Bd. 25.   London, BioMed Central (2026), Nr. 1' havard: 'M.S. Lehe, P. Reiß, V.C. Jürgensen, G. Halbeisen, G. Paslakis, Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts, International Journal for Equity in Health. 25 (2026).' ieee: 'M. S. Lehe, P. Reiß, V. C. Jürgensen, G. Halbeisen, and G. Paslakis, “Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts,” International Journal for Equity in Health, vol. 25, no. 1, Art. no. 145, 2026, doi: 10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0.' mla: 'Lehe, Martin S., et al. “Social Determinants of Mental Health in Germany: A Systematic Scoping Review Mapping the Landscape of Researched Determinants, Outcome Measures, and Explanatory Concepts.” International Journal for Equity in Health, vol. 25, no. 1, 145, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0.' short: M.S. Lehe, P. Reiß, V.C. Jürgensen, G. Halbeisen, G. Paslakis, International Journal for Equity in Health 25 (2026). ufg: 'Lehe, Martin S. u. a.: Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts, in: International Journal for Equity in Health 25 (2026), H. 1.' van: 'Lehe MS, Reiß P, Jürgensen VC, Halbeisen G, Paslakis G. Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2026;25(1).' date_created: 2026-06-07T08:21:29Z date_updated: 2026-06-09T06:42:46Z department: - _id: DEP1500 doi: 10.1186/s12939-026-02877-0 intvolume: ' 25' issue: '1' keyword: - Social determinants - Social determinants of health - Mental health - Intersectionality - Health care inequities - Gender - Systematic review language: - iso: eng place: ' London' publication: International Journal for Equity in Health publication_identifier: issn: - 1475-9276 publication_status: published publisher: BioMed Central quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Social determinants of mental health in Germany: a systematic scoping review mapping the landscape of researched determinants, outcome measures, and explanatory concepts' type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 25 year: '2026' ... --- _id: '13310' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The mental health crisis among university students is gradually increasing, from psychological fatigue, burnout, and anxiety to suicide, forcing universities to integrate a mental health focus in sustainable campus planning. Mental health can be influenced, either alleviated or exacerbated, by the academic environment. Campus Sustainability Assessment Tools (CSATs) provided various indicators, but few include spatial indicators related to mental health. To bridge this gap, it is essential to understand the influence of spatial aspects on students’ psychological well - being. Identifying environmental stressors and spatial qualities and translating them into indicators that can be consistently defined and evaluated is relevant. This study aims to address the gap in CSATs regarding students'' mental health and to develop spatial indicators for universities to embed mental health. The goal is to propose spatial indicators that allow universities to evaluate and measure the relationship between the built campus environment and mental health. A comparative analysis was conducted on ten CSAT frameworks and two related frameworks, including the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Circular Economy (CE), with a focus on identifying and evaluating existing assessments. In parallel, a review was conducted to analyze key psychological stressors and interventions in the academic environment for university students'' mental health. This included formulating spatial indicators that describe, quantify, and assess the relationship to psychological outcomes. Findings show that existing CSATs prioritize curriculum and teaching approaches, and research includes scholarship, social network, and operational aspects. However, only the Sustainability Tool for Auditing Universities'' Curricula in Higher Education (STAUNCH) and Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS) explicitly reference mental health. Apart from STAUNCH and UI GreenMetric, which include indicators of biodiversity and green space ratio, respectively, nearly all frameworks focus on non - physical, conceptual metrics. The identification of spatial indicators is linked to specific design attributes — such as natural light, spatial openness, and access to nature — that promise reduced stress and enhanced emotional well - being. Key findings related to the study’s spatial indicators propose a three - part indicator set: 1. Psycho - spatial indicators (e.g., light, acoustic, and visual comfort, finishing material, accessibility, air quality, layout) . 2. Socio - spatial indicators (e.g., communal area, visibility, accessibility, safety, interconnection) . 3. Restorative spatial indicators (e.g., naturalness, spatiality, safety and security, privacy - public balance) . Universities must focus on preserving students’ mental health by improving their physical environments, especially because supporting and fostering mental health is no longer optional. Understanding the tangible ways in which space impacts mental health enables universities to define clear, measurable criteria for improvement. These findings offer a practical foundation for evaluating existing environments and guiding future design interventions. A three - part indicator set will be developed and applied through a mixed - method case study approach, implemented in two existing campuses, and it will be examined in depth via on - site observations, structured interviews, and student surveys to capture both measurable data and lived experiences. The framework aims to articulate the connection between spatial design and mental health and to establish a methodology for identifying, defining, and assessing these indicators across different university settings.' author: - first_name: Nathania full_name: Nadia, Nathania id: '80588' last_name: Nadia - first_name: Uta full_name: Pottgiesser, Uta id: '27166' last_name: Pottgiesser orcid: 0000-0002-8594-3168 citation: ama: 'Nadia N, Pottgiesser U. Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna. 2025;2(2). doi:10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098' apa: 'Nadia, N., & Pottgiesser, U. (2025). Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098' bjps: 'Nadia N and Pottgiesser U (2025) Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna 2.' chicago: 'Nadia, Nathania, and Uta Pottgiesser. “Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses.” Inżynieria Mineralna 2, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098.' chicago-de: 'Nadia, Nathania und Uta Pottgiesser. 2025. Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna 2, Nr. 2. doi:10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098, .' din1505-2-1: 'Nadia, Nathania ; Pottgiesser, Uta: Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. In: Inżynieria Mineralna Bd. 2. Kraków, Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin (2025), Nr. 2' havard: 'N. Nadia, U. Pottgiesser, Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses, Inżynieria Mineralna. 2 (2025).' ieee: 'N. Nadia and U. Pottgiesser, “Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses,” Inżynieria Mineralna, vol. 2, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098.' mla: 'Nadia, Nathania, and Uta Pottgiesser. “Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses.” Inżynieria Mineralna, vol. 2, no. 2, 2025, https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098.' short: N. Nadia, U. Pottgiesser, Inżynieria Mineralna 2 (2025). ufg: 'Nadia, Nathania/Pottgiesser, Uta: Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses, in: Inżynieria Mineralna 2 (2025), H. 2.' van: 'Nadia N, Pottgiesser U. Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna. 2025;2(2).' date_created: 2025-11-26T19:27:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T10:35:56Z department: - _id: DEP1600 - _id: DEP1055 doi: 10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098 intvolume: ' 2' issue: '2' keyword: - campus sustainability - mental health design - spatial indicators language: - iso: eng place: Kraków publication: Inżynieria Mineralna publication_identifier: issn: - 1640-4920 publication_status: published publisher: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin status: public title: 'Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses' type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 2 year: '2025' ...