---
_id: '11492'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this review, we aim to highlight the advantages, challenges, and limitations
    of electronic tongues (e-tongues) in pharmaceutical drug development. The authors,
    therefore, critically evaluated the performance of e-tongues regarding their qualification
    to assess peroral formulations containing bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients.
    A literature search using the keywords ‘electronic’, ‘tongue’, ‘bitter’, and ‘drug’
    in a Web of Science search was therefore initially conducted. Reviewing the publications
    of the past decade, and further literature where necessary, allowed the authors
    to discuss whether and how e-tongues perform as expected and whether they have
    the potential to become a standard tool in drug development. Specifically highlighted
    are the expectations an e-tongue should meet. Further, a brief insight into the
    technologies of the utilized e-tongues is given. Reliable protocols were found
    that enable (i) the qualified performance of e-tongue instruments from an analytical
    perspective, (ii) proper taste-masking assessments, and (iii) under certain circumstances,
    the evaluation of bitterness.
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Denise
  full_name: Steiner, Denise
  last_name: Steiner
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Meyer, Alexander
  id: '58585'
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Isabell
  full_name: Immohr, Isabell
  last_name: Immohr
- first_name: Miriam
  full_name: Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam
  id: '64952'
  last_name: Pein-Hackelbusch
  orcid: 0000-0002-7920-0595
citation:
  ama: Steiner D, Meyer A, Immohr I, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Critical View on the Qualification
    of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral
    Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i>. 2024;16(5). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658">10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>
  apa: Steiner, D., Meyer, A., Immohr, I., &#38; Pein-Hackelbusch, M. (2024). Critical
    View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in
    the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i>,
    <i>16</i>(5). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>
  bjps: <b>Steiner D <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Critical View on the Qualification of
    Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug
    Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> <b>16</b>.
  chicago: Steiner, Denise, Alexander Meyer, Isabell Immohr, and Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch.
    “Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance
    in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients.” <i>Pharmaceutics</i>
    16, no. 5 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>.
  chicago-de: Steiner, Denise, Alexander Meyer, Isabell Immohr und Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch.
    2024. Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their
    Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients.
    <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 16, Nr. 5. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658">10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Steiner, Denise</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Meyer, Alexander</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Immohr,
    Isabell</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam</span>:
    Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance
    in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. In: <i>Pharmaceutics</i>
    Bd. 16. Basel, MDPI (2024), Nr. 5'
  havard: D. Steiner, A. Meyer, I. Immohr, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Critical View on the
    Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development
    of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients, Pharmaceutics. 16 (2024).
  ieee: 'D. Steiner, A. Meyer, I. Immohr, and M. Pein-Hackelbusch, “Critical View
    on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the
    Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients,” <i>Pharmaceutics</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 5, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658">10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>.'
  mla: Steiner, Denise, et al. “Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues
    Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with
    Bitter Ingredients.” <i>Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 16, no. 5, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>.
  short: D. Steiner, A. Meyer, I. Immohr, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Pharmaceutics 16 (2024).
  ufg: '<b>Steiner, Denise u. a.</b>: Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic
    Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations
    with Bitter Ingredients, in: <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 16 (2024), H. 5.'
  van: Steiner D, Meyer A, Immohr I, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Critical View on the Qualification
    of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral
    Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(5).
date_created: 2024-05-29T10:06:47Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T09:07:27Z
department:
- _id: DEP4028
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001231317000001'
  pmid:
  - '38794320'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: '1'
issue: '5'
keyword:
- e-tongues
- performance
- qualification
- taste masking
- bitterness
- dosage forms
- drug formulations
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/5/658
oa: '1'
place: Basel
pmid: '1'
publication: Pharmaceutics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '1999-4923 '
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance
  in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83778'
volume: 16
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12846'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The decarbonization of the energy supply is one of the biggest and most important
    challenges of the 21st century. This paper contributes to the solution of the
    energy crisis by investigating the stability of alcohols as e-fuels. The focus
    is on the investigation of the aging mechanism of the linear alcohols 1-hexanol
    and 1-octanol compared to the iso-alcohol 2-hexanol. It is analysed in detail
    how the time-dependent aging varies depending on the chain length and the position
    of the hydroxy-group, both in the liquid and in the gas phase. It is shown that
    a variety of aging products such as aldehydes, acids, short-chain alcohols and
    esters are formed during the aging of the n-alcohols by oxidation, decarboxylation,
    oxidative C-C bond cleavage and esterification. In contrast, the decomposition
    of the iso-alcohol is significantly lower. The results show that the total acid
    number is significantly higher for aged n-alcohols than for the aged iso-alcohos,
    while the kinematic viscosity decreases for all alcohols during aging. Carbon
    mass balancing shows that after accelerated aging for 120 hours, around 80% of
    the iso-alcohol is still present, compared to only around 57-63% for the n-alcohols.
    In addition, significantly fewer acids are formed with the iso-alcohol. In this
    study, iso-alcohols have a higher stability against thermo-oxidative aging compared
    to n-alcohols, showing their potential as e-fuels. Furthermore, the chain length
    of the alcohols has also an influence on aging, as more different aging products
    can be formed with increasing chain length.\r\n\r\nThis paper contributes to the
    solution of the energy crisis by investigating the stability of alcohols as e-fuels.
    The focus is on the investigation of the aging mechanism of 1-hexanol and 1-octanol
    compared to the 2-hexanol."
author:
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
  last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Maximilian J.
  full_name: Poller, Maximilian J.
  last_name: Poller
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Schröder, Olaf
  last_name: Schröder
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Garbe, Thomas
  last_name: Garbe
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Jakob, Markus
  last_name: Jakob
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Albert, Jakob
  last_name: Albert
citation:
  ama: 'Lichtinger A, Poller MJ, Schröder O, et al. Thermo-oxidative aging of linear
    and branched alcohols as stability criterion for their use as e-fuels. <i>  Sustainable
    energy &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research for the development of sustainable
    energy technologies </i>. 2024;8(15):3329-3340. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k">10.1039/d4se00400k</a>'
  apa: 'Lichtinger, A., Poller, M. J., Schröder, O., Türck, J., Garbe, T., Krahl,
    J., Jakob, M., &#38; Albert, J. (2024). Thermo-oxidative aging of linear and branched
    alcohols as stability criterion for their use as e-fuels. <i>  Sustainable Energy
    &#38; Fuels : Interdisciplinary Research for the Development of Sustainable Energy
    Technologies </i>, <i>8</i>(15), 3329–3340. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Lichtinger A <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Thermo-Oxidative Aging of Linear
    and Branched Alcohols as Stability Criterion for Their Use as e-Fuels. <i>  Sustainable
    energy &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research for the development of sustainable
    energy technologies </i> <b>8</b>, 3329–3340.'
  chicago: 'Lichtinger, Anne, Maximilian J. Poller, Olaf Schröder, Julian Türck, Thomas
    Garbe, Jürgen Krahl, Markus Jakob, and Jakob Albert. “Thermo-Oxidative Aging of
    Linear and Branched Alcohols as Stability Criterion for Their Use as e-Fuels.”
    <i>  Sustainable Energy &#38; Fuels : Interdisciplinary Research for the Development
    of Sustainable Energy Technologies </i> 8, no. 15 (2024): 3329–40. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Lichtinger, Anne, Maximilian J. Poller, Olaf Schröder, Julian Türck,
    Thomas Garbe, Jürgen Krahl, Markus Jakob und Jakob Albert. 2024. Thermo-oxidative
    aging of linear and branched alcohols as stability criterion for their use as
    e-fuels. <i>  Sustainable energy &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research for
    the development of sustainable energy technologies </i> 8, Nr. 15: 3329–3340.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k">10.1039/d4se00400k</a>, .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lichtinger, Anne</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Poller, Maximilian J.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schröder,
    Olaf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garbe, Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl,
    Jürgen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jakob, Markus</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Albert, Jakob</span>: Thermo-oxidative
    aging of linear and branched alcohols as stability criterion for their use as
    e-fuels. In: <i>  Sustainable energy &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research
    for the development of sustainable energy technologies </i> Bd. 8. Cambridge ,
    Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) (2024), Nr. 15, S. 3329–3340'
  havard: 'A. Lichtinger, M.J. Poller, O. Schröder, J. Türck, T. Garbe, J. Krahl,
    M. Jakob, J. Albert, Thermo-oxidative aging of linear and branched alcohols as
    stability criterion for their use as e-fuels,   Sustainable Energy &#38; Fuels :
    Interdisciplinary Research for the Development of Sustainable Energy Technologies
    . 8 (2024) 3329–3340.'
  ieee: 'A. Lichtinger <i>et al.</i>, “Thermo-oxidative aging of linear and branched
    alcohols as stability criterion for their use as e-fuels,” <i>  Sustainable energy
    &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research for the development of sustainable energy
    technologies </i>, vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 3329–3340, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k">10.1039/d4se00400k</a>.'
  mla: 'Lichtinger, Anne, et al. “Thermo-Oxidative Aging of Linear and Branched Alcohols
    as Stability Criterion for Their Use as e-Fuels.” <i>  Sustainable Energy &#38;
    Fuels : Interdisciplinary Research for the Development of Sustainable Energy Technologies
    </i>, vol. 8, no. 15, 2024, pp. 3329–40, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00400k</a>.'
  short: 'A. Lichtinger, M.J. Poller, O. Schröder, J. Türck, T. Garbe, J. Krahl, M.
    Jakob, J. Albert,   Sustainable Energy &#38; Fuels : Interdisciplinary Research
    for the Development of Sustainable Energy Technologies  8 (2024) 3329–3340.'
  ufg: '<b>Lichtinger, Anne u. a.</b>: Thermo-oxidative aging of linear and branched
    alcohols as stability criterion for their use as e-fuels, in: <i>  Sustainable
    energy &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research for the development of sustainable
    energy technologies </i> 8 (2024), H. 15,  S. 3329–3340.'
  van: 'Lichtinger A, Poller MJ, Schröder O, Türck J, Garbe T, Krahl J, et al. Thermo-oxidative
    aging of linear and branched alcohols as stability criterion for their use as
    e-fuels.   Sustainable energy &#38; fuels : interdisciplinary research for the
    development of sustainable energy technologies . 2024;8(15):3329–40.'
date_created: 2025-04-23T12:27:18Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T13:00:39Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1039/d4se00400k
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001253422700001'
intvolume: '         8'
isi: '1'
issue: '15'
keyword:
- OXIDATION
- 1-OCTANOL
- PERFORMANCE
- CATALYSTS
- KINETICS
- ACID
language:
- iso: eng
page: 3329-3340
place: 'Cambridge '
publication: '  Sustainable energy & fuels : interdisciplinary research for the development
  of sustainable energy technologies '
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2398-4902
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
status: public
title: Thermo-oxidative aging of linear and branched alcohols as stability criterion
  for their use as e-fuels
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 8
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12793'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Securing factory communication to protect corporate data is an important concern
    in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Various cryptographic
    protocols can be used to establish secure communication channels. One of these
    protocols is the Transport Layer Security 1.3 (TLS 1.3) protocol. A key component
    of the TLS handshake protocol is the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
    (ECDHKE), a public key cryptosystem used to exchange keys over insecure channels
    which can be based on a number of standardized elliptic curves. A special form
    of elliptic curves are Montgomery curves which are advantageous compared to more
    traditional Weierstrass curves due to their fast arithmetic. This is especially
    important when the ECDHKE is performed on embedded devices and in time-critical
    situations. In this work, the performance of ECDHKE implementations using standardized
    Montgomery curves Curve25519 and Curve448 included in the wolfSSL library are
    evaluated on an embedded 32-bit STM32L476RG Nucleo development board designed
    by STMicroelectronics. The benchmark results show that using Curve25519 with around
    220ms for the key pair generation and the key agreement respectively is approximately
    75% faster than using Curve448 with around 900ms for each of the algorithms, which
    can be attributed to their differing security levels. These results suggest that
    the algorithms might not be fast enough for time critical situations.
author:
- first_name: Lisa Helene
  full_name: Gebauer, Lisa Helene
  id: '76524'
  last_name: Gebauer
- first_name: Henning
  full_name: Trsek, Henning
  id: '1486'
  last_name: Trsek
  orcid: 0000-0002-0133-0656
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Heiss, Stefan
  id: '1031'
  last_name: Heiss
citation:
  ama: Gebauer LH, Trsek H, Heiss S. <i>Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking
    Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System</i>.
    (inIT /TH-OWL, Università degli studi di Pavia , eds.). IEEE; 2022:207-210. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189">10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189</a>
  apa: Gebauer, L. H., Trsek, H., &#38; Heiss, S. (2022). Secure Communication in
    Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations
    on an Embedded System. In inIT /TH-OWL &#38; Università degli studi di Pavia  (Eds.),
    <i>2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)</i>
    (pp. 207–210). IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189">https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189</a>
  bjps: '<b>Gebauer LH, Trsek H and Heiss S</b> (2022) <i>Secure Communication in
    Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations
    on an Embedded System</i>, inIT /TH-OWL and Università degli studi di Pavia  (eds).
    [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene, Henning Trsek, and Stefan Heiss. <i>Secure Communication
    in Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations
    on an Embedded System</i>. Edited by inIT /TH-OWL and Università degli studi di
    Pavia . <i>2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems
    (WFCS)</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189">https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene, Henning Trsek und Stefan Heiss. 2022. <i>Secure
    Communication in Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
    Implementations on an Embedded System</i>. Hg. von inIT /TH-OWL und Università
    degli studi di Pavia . <i>2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication
    Systems (WFCS)</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189">10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gebauer, Lisa Helene</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Trsek, Henning</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Heiss,
    Stefan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">inIT /TH-OWL</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Università degli studi di Pavia </span> (Hrsg.):
    <i>Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman
    Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System</i>. [Piscataway, NJ] : IEEE,
    2022'
  havard: L.H. Gebauer, H. Trsek, S. Heiss, Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking
    Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System,
    IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2022.
  ieee: 'L. H. Gebauer, H. Trsek, and S. Heiss, <i>Secure Communication in Factories
    - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations on an
    Embedded System</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2022, pp. 207–210. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189">10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189</a>.'
  mla: Gebauer, Lisa Helene, et al. “Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking
    Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System.”
    <i>2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)</i>,
    edited by inIT /TH-OWL and Università degli studi di Pavia , IEEE, 2022, pp. 207–10,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189">https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189</a>.
  short: L.H. Gebauer, H. Trsek, S. Heiss, Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking
    Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System,
    IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2022.
  ufg: '<b>Gebauer, Lisa Helene/Trsek, Henning/Heiss, Stefan</b>: Secure Communication
    in Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations
    on an Embedded System, hg. von inIT /TH-OWL, Università degli studi di Pavia ,
    [Piscataway, NJ] 2022.'
  van: 'Gebauer LH, Trsek H, Heiss S. Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking
    Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System.
    inIT /TH-OWL, Università degli studi di Pavia , editors. 2022 IEEE 18th International
    Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE; 2022.'
conference:
  end_date: 2022-04-29
  location: Pavia, ITALY
  name: 18th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) -
    Communication in Automation
  start_date: 2022-04-27
corporate_editor:
- inIT /TH-OWL
- 'Università degli studi di Pavia '
date_created: 2025-04-15T09:36:32Z
date_updated: 2025-04-15T09:42:27Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
- _id: DEP5000
doi: 10.1109/wfcs53837.2022.9779189
keyword:
- secure
- factory communication
- elliptic curves
- ECDHKE
- performance
- embedded
language:
- iso: eng
page: 207-210
place: '[Piscataway, NJ]'
publication: 2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems
  (WFCS)
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 978-1-6654-1086-1
  isbn:
  - 978-1-6654-1087-8
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Secure Communication in Factories - Benchmarking Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman
  Key Exchange Implementations on an Embedded System
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '6898'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A statistical analysis is presented
    that investigates the dependence of team cities’ geographical distances on the
    effect of home advantage (HA) for 57 years of the men’s German first soccer division
    (“Bundesliga”), including 17,376 matches (seasons starting from 1964 to 2020).
    The data shows that the HA can clearly be evidenced in the past and present (statistical
    <jats:italic>p‑value</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and that it also exists for negligible
    distances (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The HA and the influence of
    distance on the HA both significantly decreased gradually over the last decades
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). For the first and only time, the HA
    reversed into an away advantage (AA) for the season 2019/2020 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).
    The influence of distance on HA has been significant (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01)
    in the past (before about 1990) and contributed roughly by about half, compared
    to a situation without HA or AA. It increases with distance and saturates at around
    100 km. Such saturation behaviour is in line with results from higher divisions
    of other countries with similar travelling distances such as Italy, Turkey and
    England. However, the distance-dependent contribution to HA has been approximately
    halved and reduced to an insignificant amount today. Furthermore, the temporal
    HA reduction is significantly larger for large distances compared to short distances
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Reporting and quantifying a reduction
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) of the distance-dependent contribution
    to HA over a time span of 57 years is novel.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils
  full_name: Beckmann, Nils
  id: '62068'
  last_name: Beckmann
  orcid: 0000-0003-4337-7978
citation:
  ama: Beckmann N. Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>. 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>
  apa: Beckmann, N. (2021). Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>
  bjps: <b>Beckmann N</b> (2021) Statistical Influence of Travelling Distance on Home
    Advantage over 57 Years in the Men’s German First Soccer Division. <i>German Journal
    of Exercise and Sport Research</i>.
  chicago: Beckmann, Nils. “Statistical Influence of Travelling Distance on Home Advantage
    over 57 Years in the Men’s German First Soccer Division.” <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>.
  chicago-de: Beckmann, Nils. 2021. Statistical influence of travelling distance on
    home advantage over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. <i>German
    Journal of Exercise and Sport Research</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7,">10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7,</a>
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Beckmann, Nils</span>: Statistical
    influence of travelling distance on home advantage over 57 years in the men’s
    German first soccer division. In: <i>German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research</i>
    (2021)'
  havard: N. Beckmann, Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division, German Journal of Exercise
    and Sport Research. (2021).
  ieee: N. Beckmann, “Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division,” <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>, 2021.
  mla: Beckmann, Nils. “Statistical Influence of Travelling Distance on Home Advantage
    over 57 Years in the Men’s German First Soccer Division.” <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>.
  short: N. Beckmann, German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Beckmann, Nils (2021)</b>: Statistical influence of travelling distance
    on home advantage over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division, in:
    <i>German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research</i>.'
  van: Beckmann N. Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. German Journal of Exercise
    and Sport Research. 2021;
date_created: 2021-12-14T15:46:58Z
date_updated: 2023-03-15T13:50:08Z
ddc:
- '310'
doi: 10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: det-ysu
  date_created: 2021-12-14T15:48:41Z
  date_updated: 2021-12-14T15:48:41Z
  file_id: '6899'
  file_name: Beckmann2021_Article_StatisticalInfluenceOfTravelli.pdf
  file_size: 729989
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-14T15:48:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Statistical analysis
- Historic development
- Geographical distance
- Team performance
- Home and away match results
- Home advantage decline
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12662-021-00787-7
oa: '1'
publication: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2509-3142
  - 2509-3150
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage over 57 years
  in the men’s German first soccer division
type: journal_article
user_id: '62068'
year: 2021
...
---
_id: '7696'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Although an increasing amount of empirical research has been linked to the
    impact of management control and governance on corporate social responsibility
    (CSR) issues since the financial crisis of 2008/09, heterogeneous results have
    characterised this research field. Regarding the group level of corporate governance,
    the efficacy of board committees (e.g., audit, compensation or CSR committees)
    has been included in recent research designs. However, analyses of corporate governance
    at the individual level are related to the effects of top management members [e.g.,
    chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO) or chief sustainability
    officer (CSO)] on CSR outcomes. This paper aims to convey a detailed understanding
    of sustainable management control''s impact as CSR-related board expertise. In
    more detail, we focus on the influence of both CSR committees and CSOs on three
    CSR measures mainly analysed in empirical-quantitative research: (1) CSR reporting;
    (2) CSR assurance (CSRA); and (3) CSR performance. We motivate our analysis with
    increased relevance from practical, regulatory and research perspectives, and
    we employ a systematic literature review of the symbolic vs. substantive effects
    of sustainability-related board composition. Based on our theoretical model (legitimacy
    theory, stakeholder theory and upper-echelons theory), we selected 48 quantitative
    peer-reviewed empirical studies on this research topic. Our analysis shows that
    CSR committees positively influence CSR reporting and performance. Thus, there
    are indications that the implementation of a CSR committee is not a symbolic act,
    but instead substantively contributes to CSR activities. However, in light of
    inconclusive empirical research results and a lack of studies that have analysed
    CSO-related effects, a notable research gap has been identified. Moreover, we
    note the main limitations of prior research in this review and develop an agenda
    with useful recommendations for future studies.'
author:
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Velte, Patrick
  last_name: Velte
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Stawinoga, Martin
  id: '68681'
  last_name: Stawinoga
citation:
  ama: Velte P, Stawinoga M. Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees influence
    CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative
    research findings. <i>Journal of Management Control</i>. 2020;31(4):333-377. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x">10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x</a>
  apa: Velte, P., &#38; Stawinoga, M. (2020). Do chief sustainability officers and
    CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review
    based on empirical-quantitative research findings. <i>Journal of Management Control</i>,
    <i>31</i>(4), 333–377. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x</a>
  bjps: <b>Velte P and Stawinoga M</b> (2020) Do Chief Sustainability Officers and
    CSR Committees Influence CSR-Related Outcomes? A Structured Literature Review
    Based on Empirical-Quantitative Research Findings. <i>Journal of Management Control</i>
    <b>31</b>, 333–377.
  chicago: 'Velte, Patrick, and Martin Stawinoga. “Do Chief Sustainability Officers
    and CSR Committees Influence CSR-Related Outcomes? A Structured Literature Review
    Based on Empirical-Quantitative Research Findings.” <i>Journal of Management Control</i>
    31, no. 4 (2020): 333–77. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Velte, Patrick und Martin Stawinoga. 2020. Do chief sustainability
    officers and CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature
    review based on empirical-quantitative research findings. <i>Journal of Management
    Control</i> 31, Nr. 4: 333–377. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x">10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Velte, Patrick</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stawinoga, Martin</span>: Do chief sustainability
    officers and CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature
    review based on empirical-quantitative research findings. In: <i>Journal of Management
    Control</i> Bd. 31. Heidelberg, Springer (2020), Nr. 4, S. 333–377'
  havard: P. Velte, M. Stawinoga, Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees
    influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative
    research findings, Journal of Management Control. 31 (2020) 333–377.
  ieee: 'P. Velte and M. Stawinoga, “Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees
    influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative
    research findings,” <i>Journal of Management Control</i>, vol. 31, no. 4, pp.
    333–377, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x">10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x</a>.'
  mla: Velte, Patrick, and Martin Stawinoga. “Do Chief Sustainability Officers and
    CSR Committees Influence CSR-Related Outcomes? A Structured Literature Review
    Based on Empirical-Quantitative Research Findings.” <i>Journal of Management Control</i>,
    vol. 31, no. 4, 2020, pp. 333–77, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x</a>.
  short: P. Velte, M. Stawinoga, Journal of Management Control 31 (2020) 333–377.
  ufg: '<b>Velte, Patrick/Stawinoga, Martin</b>: Do chief sustainability officers
    and CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review
    based on empirical-quantitative research findings, in: <i>Journal of Management
    Control</i> 31 (2020), H. 4,  S. 333–377.'
  van: Velte P, Stawinoga M. Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees influence
    CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative
    research findings. Journal of Management Control. 2020;31(4):333–77.
date_created: 2022-04-20T07:23:34Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:35:01Z
department:
- _id: DEP1507
doi: 10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000614060200002'
intvolume: '        31'
isi: '1'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- CSR committee
- Chief sustainability officer (CSO)
- CSR reporting
- CSR performance
- CSR assurance
- Board expertise
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x
oa: '1'
page: 333-377
place: Heidelberg
publication: Journal of Management Control
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2191-477X
  issn:
  - '2191-4761 '
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes?
  A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative research findings
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 31
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7890'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The purpose of this paper is to convey a thorough understanding of the governance-related
    determinants and financial consequences of carbon performance and disclosure.
    Its motivation lies in the increasing global political, social, academic as well
    as practical importance of managing and reporting on carbon-related issues. Methodologically,
    we employ a systematic literature review. Thus, we identify 73 quantitative peer-reviewed
    empirical studies in this field and categorize them according to a legitimacy-theory-based
    framework. Our four main contributions offer new insights into this emerging research
    field and provide guidance for the development of new research models: First,
    we help future researchers to structure this emerging field of research with respect
    to the interactions of the phenomenon itself (carbon performance vs. disclosure),
    its determinants (country- and firm-related governance), and its financial consequences
    (value relevance, information asymmetry, financial performance, and cost of capital).
    Second, we provide a comprehensive overview of variables and proxies used in the
    studies and list their main statistical effects, which facilitates building novel
    models. There are indications that 1) board composition positively influences
    both carbon performance and disclosure, 2) carbon performance and carbon disclosure
    are positively connected, 3) carbon disclosure reduces information asymmetry,
    and 4) carbon performance increases financial performance. Third, we develop a
    research agenda with concise suggestions for future studies. Fourth, we argue
    that due to the under-theorization of concepts the comparability of included studies
    is challenging, this research field may be characterized as a vibrant field for
    extensive future research. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.'
article_number: '120063'
author:
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Velte, Patrick
  last_name: Velte
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Stawinoga, Martin
  id: '68681'
  last_name: Stawinoga
- first_name: Rainer
  full_name: Lueg, Rainer
  last_name: Lueg
citation:
  ama: 'Velte P, Stawinoga M, Lueg R. Carbon performance and disclosure: A systematic
    review of governance-related determinants and financial consequences. <i>Journal
    of Cleaner Production</i>. 2020;254. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063">10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063</a>'
  apa: 'Velte, P., Stawinoga, M., &#38; Lueg, R. (2020). Carbon performance and disclosure:
    A systematic review of governance-related determinants and financial consequences.
    <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i>, <i>254</i>, Article 120063. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Velte P, Stawinoga M and Lueg R</b> (2020) Carbon Performance and Disclosure:
    A Systematic Review of Governance-Related Determinants and Financial Consequences.
    <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i> <b>254</b>.'
  chicago: 'Velte, Patrick, Martin Stawinoga, and Rainer Lueg. “Carbon Performance
    and Disclosure: A Systematic Review of Governance-Related Determinants and Financial
    Consequences.” <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i> 254 (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Velte, Patrick, Martin Stawinoga und Rainer Lueg. 2020. Carbon performance
    and disclosure: A systematic review of governance-related determinants and financial
    consequences. <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i> 254. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063">10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Velte, Patrick</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stawinoga, Martin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lueg,
    Rainer</span>: Carbon performance and disclosure: A systematic review of governance-related
    determinants and financial consequences. In: <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i>
    Bd. 254.  Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier (2020)'
  havard: 'P. Velte, M. Stawinoga, R. Lueg, Carbon performance and disclosure: A systematic
    review of governance-related determinants and financial consequences, Journal
    of Cleaner Production. 254 (2020).'
  ieee: 'P. Velte, M. Stawinoga, and R. Lueg, “Carbon performance and disclosure:
    A systematic review of governance-related determinants and financial consequences,”
    <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i>, vol. 254, Art. no. 120063, 2020, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063">10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063</a>.'
  mla: 'Velte, Patrick, et al. “Carbon Performance and Disclosure: A Systematic Review
    of Governance-Related Determinants and Financial Consequences.” <i>Journal of
    Cleaner Production</i>, vol. 254, 120063, 2020, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063</a>.'
  short: P. Velte, M. Stawinoga, R. Lueg, Journal of Cleaner Production 254 (2020).
  ufg: '<b>Velte, Patrick/Stawinoga, Martin/Lueg, Rainer</b>: Carbon performance and
    disclosure: A systematic review of governance-related determinants and financial
    consequences, in: <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i> 254 (2020).'
  van: 'Velte P, Stawinoga M, Lueg R. Carbon performance and disclosure: A systematic
    review of governance-related determinants and financial consequences. Journal
    of Cleaner Production. 2020;254.'
date_created: 2022-05-03T06:22:51Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:27:09Z
department:
- _id: DEP1507
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120063
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000518890800021'
intvolume: '       254'
isi: '1'
jel:
- M41
keyword:
- Carbon performance
- Carbon disclosure
- Corporate governance
- Management control
- Financial performance
- Legitimacy theory
language:
- iso: eng
place: ' Amsterdam [u.a.]'
publication: Journal of Cleaner Production
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-1786
  issn:
  - 0959-6526
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Carbon performance and disclosure: A systematic review of governance-related
  determinants and financial consequences'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 254
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '1299'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The aim of the project is to combine the knowledge of audio, video, interaction
    design and performing art into a media based content. A media worker without previous
    knowledge of electronics tends to achieve the task to work out the communication
    between media and interactive device. By means of an interactive installation,
    the technical and aesthetical opportunities are explored to find new ways to present
    the performance of musicians as well.
author:
- first_name: Mong-Gan
  full_name: Hsieh, Mong-Gan
  last_name: Hsieh
citation:
  ama: 'Hsieh M-G. <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction with
    Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Lemgo: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe;
    2010.'
  apa: 'Hsieh, M.-G. (2010). <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction
    with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Lemgo: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe.'
  bjps: '<b>Hsieh M-G</b> (2010) <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime
    Interaction with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Lemgo: Hochschule
    Ostwestfalen-Lippe.'
  chicago: 'Hsieh, Mong-Gan. <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction
    with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Lemgo: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe,
    2010.'
  chicago-de: 'Hsieh, Mong-Gan. 2010. <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime
    Interaction with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Lemgo: Hochschule
    Ostwestfalen-Lippe.'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hsieh, Mong-Gan</span>: <i>Interactive
    Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction with Improvising Music and Mapping
    Projection</i>. Lemgo : Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 2010'
  havard: 'M.-G. Hsieh, Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction
    with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe,
    Lemgo, 2010.'
  ieee: 'M.-G. Hsieh, <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction
    with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Lemgo: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe,
    2010.'
  mla: 'Hsieh, Mong-Gan. <i>Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction
    with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection</i>. Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe,
    2010.'
  short: 'M.-G. Hsieh, Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction
    with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe,
    Lemgo, 2010.'
  ufg: '<b>Hsieh, Mong-Gan (2010)</b>: Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime
    Interaction with Improvising Music and Mapping Projection, Lemgo.'
  van: 'Hsieh M-G. Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction with
    Improvising Music and Mapping Projection. Lemgo: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe;
    2010. 53 p.'
date_created: 2019-06-04T09:06:43Z
date_updated: 2023-03-15T13:49:35Z
ddc:
- '791'
department:
- _id: DEP2001
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: 6bl-f5s
  date_created: 2019-06-04T09:06:14Z
  date_updated: 2019-06-04T09:06:14Z
  file_id: '1300'
  file_name: Interactive_Audiovisual_Performance.pdf
  file_size: 4182227
  relation: main_file
  title: 'Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction with Improvising
    Music and Mapping Projection'
file_date_updated: 2019-06-04T09:06:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Visual Music
- Mapping Projection
- Interaction Design
- Digital Performance
- Audiovisual
- Arduino
- Pure Data
language:
- iso: eng
page: '53'
place: Lemgo
publication_status: published
publisher: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Guido
  full_name: Falkemeier, Guido
  id: '29084'
  last_name: Falkemeier
- first_name: Heizo
  full_name: Schulze, Heizo
  id: '29126'
  last_name: Schulze
title: 'Interactive Audiovisual Performance : Realtime Interaction with Improvising
  Music and Mapping Projection'
type: master_thesis
user_id: '45673'
year: 2010
...
---
_id: '10154'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The performance investigation of different Bluetooth modules needs a module
    independent approach, which can be used in real time and which allows to consider
    different Bluetooth modules and communication modes. This paper will give a description
    of a special measurement approach that was developed and implemented. The performance-parameters
    Bluetooth-Packet-Delay, Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) are evaluated.
    A series of first investigations was conducted using the implemented measurement
    approach to show the evaluation possibilities. Two different Bluetooth modules
    for different packet types and packet sizes were used.
author:
- first_name: Ehsan Ullah
  full_name: Warriach, Ehsan Ullah
  last_name: Warriach
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Witte, Stefan
  id: '1605'
  last_name: Witte
citation:
  ama: Warriach EU, Witte S. <i>Approach for Performance Investigation of Different
    Bluetooth Modules and Communication Modes</i>. ( National University of Sciences
    and Technology, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering , eds.). IEEE;
    2008. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494">10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494</a>
  apa: 'Warriach, E. U., &#38; Witte, S. (2008). Approach for performance investigation
    of different Bluetooth modules and communication modes. In  National University
    of Sciences and Technology &#38; College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering  (Eds.),
    <i>4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies : ICET 2008</i>. IEEE.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Warriach EU and Witte S</b> (2008) <i>Approach for Performance Investigation
    of Different Bluetooth Modules and Communication Modes</i>,  National University
    of Sciences and Technology and College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering  (eds).
    Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Warriach, Ehsan Ullah, and Stefan Witte. <i>Approach for Performance Investigation
    of Different Bluetooth Modules and Communication Modes</i>. Edited by  National
    University of Sciences and Technology and College of Electrical and Mechanical
    Engineering . <i>4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies : ICET
    2008</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Warriach, Ehsan Ullah und Stefan Witte. 2008. <i>Approach for performance
    investigation of different Bluetooth modules and communication modes</i>. Hg.
    von  National University of Sciences and Technology und College of Electrical
    and Mechanical Engineering . <i>4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies :
    ICET 2008</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494">10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Warriach, Ehsan Ullah</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Witte, Stefan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">
    National University of Sciences and Technology</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">College
    of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering </span> (Hrsg.): <i>Approach for performance
    investigation of different Bluetooth modules and communication modes</i>. Piscataway,
    NJ : IEEE, 2008'
  havard: E.U. Warriach, S. Witte, Approach for performance investigation of different
    Bluetooth modules and communication modes, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2008.
  ieee: 'E. U. Warriach and S. Witte, <i>Approach for performance investigation of
    different Bluetooth modules and communication modes</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE,
    2008. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494">10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494</a>.'
  mla: 'Warriach, Ehsan Ullah, and Stefan Witte. “Approach for Performance Investigation
    of Different Bluetooth Modules and Communication Modes.” <i>4th International
    Conference on Emerging Technologies : ICET 2008</i>, edited by  National University
    of Sciences and Technology and College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
    , IEEE, 2008, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494</a>.'
  short: E.U. Warriach, S. Witte, Approach for Performance Investigation of Different
    Bluetooth Modules and Communication Modes, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2008.
  ufg: '<b>Warriach, Ehsan Ullah/Witte, Stefan</b>: Approach for performance investigation
    of different Bluetooth modules and communication modes, hg. von  National University
    of Sciences and Technology, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering ,
    Piscataway, NJ 2008.'
  van: 'Warriach EU, Witte S. Approach for performance investigation of different
    Bluetooth modules and communication modes.  National University of Sciences and
    Technology, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering , editors. 4th International
    Conference on Emerging Technologies : ICET 2008. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2008.'
conference:
  end_date: 2008-10-19
  location: Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  name: 4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies
  start_date: 2008-10-18
corporate_editor:
- ' National University of Sciences and Technology'
- 'College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering '
date_created: 2023-07-27T08:37:24Z
date_updated: 2023-08-03T08:20:34Z
department:
- _id: DEP5000
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/ICET.2008.4777494
keyword:
- Bluetooth
- performance evaluation
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: '4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies : ICET 2008'
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9781424422111'
  isbn:
  - '9781424422104'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Approach for performance investigation of different Bluetooth modules and communication
  modes
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '10153'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper deals with a performance evaluation of a Bluetooth based industrial
    real-time sensor actuator interface for stationary and mobile applications. The
    investigations were carried out in harsh industrial environments in the presence
    of parasitic machine emissions, intentional and unintentional interferers. The
    air paths were obstructed by moving machine parts and daily work traffic. As a
    result we can conclude, that wireless automation systems based on Bluetooth technology
    are extremely reliable due to their inherent system features like adaptive frequency
    hopping at high operating frequencies, error detection and correction. Neither
    parasitic machine emissions nor other radio systems or transceiver movements can
    impair the transmission, as long as distances are below 30 m
author:
- first_name: Uwe
  full_name: Meier, Uwe
  id: '1143'
  last_name: Meier
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Witte, Stefan
  id: '1605'
  last_name: Witte
- first_name: Kai
  full_name: Helmig, Kai
  last_name: Helmig
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Höing, Michael
  last_name: Höing
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Schnückel, Markus
  last_name: Schnückel
- first_name: Herrmann
  full_name: Krause, Herrmann
  last_name: Krause
citation:
  ama: Meier U, Witte S, Helmig K, Höing M, Schnückel M, Krause H. <i>Performance
    Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System
    in Harsh Industrial Environments</i>. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, eds.). IEEE; 2007:33-37. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750">10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750</a>
  apa: Meier, U., Witte, S., Helmig, K., Höing, M., Schnückel, M., &#38; Krause, H.
    (2007). Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor
    Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments. In Institute of Electrical and
    Electronics Engineers &#38; IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Eds.), <i>12th
    IEEE Conference in Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2007 Proceedings)</i>
    (pp. 33–37). IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750">https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750</a>
  bjps: '<b>Meier U <i>et al.</i></b> (2007) <i>Performance Evaluation and Prediction
    of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments</i>,
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society (eds). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Meier, Uwe, Stefan Witte, Kai Helmig, Michael Höing, Markus Schnückel,
    and Herrmann Krause. <i>Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based
    Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments</i>. Edited
    by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society. <i>12th IEEE Conference in Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
    (ETFA 2007 Proceedings)</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2007. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750">https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Meier, Uwe, Stefan Witte, Kai Helmig, Michael Höing, Markus Schnückel
    und Herrmann Krause. 2007. <i>Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth
    Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments</i>. Hg.
    von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers und IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society. <i>12th IEEE Conference in Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
    (ETFA 2007 Proceedings)</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750">10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Meier, Uwe</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Witte,
    Stefan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Helmig, Kai</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Höing, Michael</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnückel,
    Markus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krause, Herrmann</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth
    Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments</i>. Piscataway,
    NJ : IEEE, 2007'
  havard: U. Meier, S. Witte, K. Helmig, M. Höing, M. Schnückel, H. Krause, Performance
    Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System
    in Harsh Industrial Environments, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2007.
  ieee: 'U. Meier, S. Witte, K. Helmig, M. Höing, M. Schnückel, and H. Krause, <i>Performance
    Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System
    in Harsh Industrial Environments</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2007, pp. 33–37. doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750">10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750</a>.'
  mla: Meier, Uwe, et al. “Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based
    Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments.” <i>12th IEEE
    Conference in Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2007 Proceedings)</i>,
    edited by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and IEEE Industrial
    Electronics Society, IEEE, 2007, pp. 33–37, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750">https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750</a>.
  short: U. Meier, S. Witte, K. Helmig, M. Höing, M. Schnückel, H. Krause, Performance
    Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System
    in Harsh Industrial Environments, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2007.
  ufg: '<b>Meier, Uwe u. a.</b>: Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth
    Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments, hg. von
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society, Piscataway, NJ 2007.'
  van: 'Meier U, Witte S, Helmig K, Höing M, Schnückel M, Krause H. Performance Evaluation
    and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor Actuator System in Harsh
    Industrial Environments. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE
    Industrial Electronics Society, editors. 12th IEEE Conference in Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation (ETFA 2007 Proceedings). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2007.'
conference:
  end_date: 2007-09-28
  location: Patras, Greece
  name: ' 2007 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (EFTA
    2007)'
  start_date: 2007-09-25
corporate_editor:
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
date_created: 2023-07-27T08:33:17Z
date_updated: 2023-08-03T07:47:24Z
department:
- _id: DEP5000
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/EFTA.2007.4416750
keyword:
- Bluetooth
- mobile communication
- performance evaluation
- telecommunication traffic
language:
- iso: eng
page: 33-37
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 12th IEEE Conference in Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
  (ETFA 2007 Proceedings)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '978-1-4244-0825-2 '
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Performance Evaluation and Prediction of a Bluetooth Based Real-Time Sensor
  Actuator System in Harsh Industrial Environments
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2007'
...
