---
_id: '12854'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Assessing nutrient loading and processing is crucial for water quality management
    in lakes and reservoirs. Quantifying and reducing external nutrient inputs in
    these systems remains a significant challenge. The difficulty arises from low
    monitoring frequencies of the highly dynamic external inputs and the limited availability
    of measures to reduce diffuse source loading. One option for the latter is the
    use of pre-dams, i.e. small impoundments at the inflow points into reservoirs,
    designed to retain nutrients by algal uptake and sedimentation. This study analyzes
    long-term (ranging from 8 to 22 years) nutrient and discharge time series for
    nine German pre-dams to assess their retention capacity. For that, we (i) quantified
    nutrient loading using four different mathematical methods, (ii) derived their
    retention efficiencies, and (iii) identified environmental factors determining
    the retention of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silica (Si). We show that retention
    of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (43.6 %) and total phosphorus (TP) (39.9
    %) is far higher than for nitrate (NO3) (15.3 %) and Si (15.9 %). The retention
    efficiency for SRP and TP was higher during the warm seasons because of higher
    algal nutrient uptake and thus higher nutrient sedimentation. Mixed effects models
    documented a significant positive effect of the pre-dams' hydraulic residence
    time (HRT) on retention efficiency. Pre-dams provide substantial service in retaining
    nutrients and help to protect downstream waterbodies from nutrient inputs. They
    provide effective measures for trapping nutrients including those originating
    from non-point sources.
article_number: '122864'
author:
- first_name: Taynara
  full_name: Fernandes, Taynara
  last_name: Fernandes
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Schultze, Martin
  last_name: Schultze
- first_name: Chenxi
  full_name: Mi, Chenxi
  last_name: Mi
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Determann, Maria
  last_name: Determann
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
citation:
  ama: 'Fernandes T, Shatwell T, Schultze M, Mi C, Determann M, Rinke K. How efficient
    are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient retention.
    <i>Water research : a journal of the International Water Association</i>. 2024;272.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>'
  apa: 'Fernandes, T., Shatwell, T., Schultze, M., Mi, C., Determann, M., &#38; Rinke,
    K. (2024). How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study
    on nutrient retention. <i>Water Research : A Journal of the International Water
    Association</i>, <i>272</i>, Article 122864. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Fernandes T <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) How Efficient Are Pre-Dams as Reservoir
    Guardians? A Long-Term Study on Nutrient Retention. <i>Water research : a journal
    of the International Water Association</i> <b>272</b>.'
  chicago: 'Fernandes, Taynara, Tom Shatwell, Martin Schultze, Chenxi Mi, Maria Determann,
    and Karsten Rinke. “How Efficient Are Pre-Dams as Reservoir Guardians? A Long-Term
    Study on Nutrient Retention.” <i>Water Research : A Journal of the International
    Water Association</i> 272 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Fernandes, Taynara, Tom Shatwell, Martin Schultze, Chenxi Mi, Maria
    Determann und Karsten Rinke. 2024. How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians?
    A long-term study on nutrient retention. <i>Water research : a journal of the
    International Water Association</i> 272. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fernandes, Taynara</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schultze,
    Martin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mi, Chenxi</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Determann, Maria</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rinke,
    Karsten</span>: How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term
    study on nutrient retention. In: <i>Water research : a journal of the International
    Water Association</i> Bd. 272. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2024)'
  havard: 'T. Fernandes, T. Shatwell, M. Schultze, C. Mi, M. Determann, K. Rinke,
    How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient
    retention, Water Research : A Journal of the International Water Association.
    272 (2024).'
  ieee: 'T. Fernandes, T. Shatwell, M. Schultze, C. Mi, M. Determann, and K. Rinke,
    “How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient
    retention,” <i>Water research : a journal of the International Water Association</i>,
    vol. 272, Art. no. 122864, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>.'
  mla: 'Fernandes, Taynara, et al. “How Efficient Are Pre-Dams as Reservoir Guardians?
    A Long-Term Study on Nutrient Retention.” <i>Water Research : A Journal of the
    International Water Association</i>, vol. 272, 122864, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>.'
  short: 'T. Fernandes, T. Shatwell, M. Schultze, C. Mi, M. Determann, K. Rinke, Water
    Research : A Journal of the International Water Association 272 (2024).'
  ufg: '<b>Fernandes, Taynara u. a.</b>: How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians?
    A long-term study on nutrient retention, in: <i>Water research : a journal of
    the International Water Association</i> 272 (2024).'
  van: 'Fernandes T, Shatwell T, Schultze M, Mi C, Determann M, Rinke K. How efficient
    are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient retention.
    Water research : a journal of the International Water Association. 2024;272.'
date_created: 2025-04-24T06:36:16Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T14:12:42Z
department:
- _id: DEP8000
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001377992000001'
  pmid:
  - '39647312'
intvolume: '       272'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Nutrient load calculation
- Phosphorus
- Nitrogen
- Silica
- Retention efficiency
- Lakes
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
pmid: '1'
publication: 'Water research : a journal of the International Water Association'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2448
  issn:
  - 0043-1354
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient
  retention
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 272
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '10004'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Flocculation filtration in deep bed is one of the techniques to achieve advanced
    phosphorus removal. In addition to particle retention and phosphorus removal,
    granular activated carbon may serve as a filtration medium but also as an adsorption
    bed for micropollutants. The aim of the study was to investigate the simultaneous
    elimination of total phosphorus (TP) and selected micropollutants. In the first
    part of the study the target phosphorus threshold of 0.2 mg/L TP in the filtrate
    was achieved in a dual-bed media filter with anthracite and sand up to filter
    velocities of 16 m/h. By using a detailed sampling protocol and headloss curves,
    the influence of different operation modes on retention could be identified. Afterwards,
    the filter media were replaced by three types of GAC. In all filter beds substantial
    differences were found in the mode and efficiency of particle retention. This
    led to different filter run times, which is one of the main parameters for efficient
    and economical filter operation. Specific curves were generated for the different
    bed materials showing the dependency of filter run time on the specific load of
    suspended solids. Elimination of micropollutants in a GAC 4 × 8 mesh filter bed
    was low due to coarse grains and low empty bed contact time (EBCT). The application
    of GAC 8 × 14 mesh filter bed resulted in high elimination of most micropollutants.
    These results can be applied when choosing filter bed material. This may involve
    a compromise between filter run time and adsorption of micropollutants.
author:
- first_name: Ursula
  full_name: Telgmann, Ursula
  last_name: Telgmann
- first_name: Ewa
  full_name: Borowska, Ewa
  last_name: Borowska
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Felmeden, Jörg
  id: '81335'
  last_name: Felmeden
- first_name: Franz-Bernd
  full_name: Frechen, Franz-Bernd
  last_name: Frechen
citation:
  ama: Telgmann U, Borowska E, Felmeden J, Frechen FB. The locally resolved filtration
    process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants with GAC. <i>Journal of
    Water Process Engineering</i>. 2020;35(101236). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236">10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236</a>
  apa: Telgmann, U., Borowska, E., Felmeden, J., &#38; Frechen, F.-B. (2020). The
    locally resolved filtration process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants
    with GAC. <i>Journal of Water Process Engineering</i>, <i>35</i>(101236). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236</a>
  bjps: <b>Telgmann U <i>et al.</i></b> (2020) The Locally Resolved Filtration Process
    for Removal of Phosphorus and Micropollutants with GAC. <i>Journal of Water Process
    Engineering</i> <b>35</b>.
  chicago: Telgmann, Ursula, Ewa Borowska, Jörg Felmeden, and Franz-Bernd Frechen.
    “The Locally Resolved Filtration Process for Removal of Phosphorus and Micropollutants
    with GAC.” <i>Journal of Water Process Engineering</i> 35, no. 101236 (2020).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236</a>.
  chicago-de: Telgmann, Ursula, Ewa Borowska, Jörg Felmeden und Franz-Bernd Frechen.
    2020. The locally resolved filtration process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants
    with GAC. <i>Journal of Water Process Engineering</i> 35, Nr. 101236. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236">10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Telgmann, Ursula</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Borowska, Ewa</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Felmeden,
    Jörg</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Frechen, Franz-Bernd</span>:
    The locally resolved filtration process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants
    with GAC. In: <i>Journal of Water Process Engineering</i> Bd. 35. Amsterdam [u.a.],
    Elsevier (2020), Nr. 101236'
  havard: U. Telgmann, E. Borowska, J. Felmeden, F.-B. Frechen, The locally resolved
    filtration process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants with GAC, Journal
    of Water Process Engineering. 35 (2020).
  ieee: 'U. Telgmann, E. Borowska, J. Felmeden, and F.-B. Frechen, “The locally resolved
    filtration process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants with GAC,” <i>Journal
    of Water Process Engineering</i>, vol. 35, no. 101236, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236">10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236</a>.'
  mla: Telgmann, Ursula, et al. “The Locally Resolved Filtration Process for Removal
    of Phosphorus and Micropollutants with GAC.” <i>Journal of Water Process Engineering</i>,
    vol. 35, no. 101236, 2020, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236</a>.
  short: U. Telgmann, E. Borowska, J. Felmeden, F.-B. Frechen, Journal of Water Process
    Engineering 35 (2020).
  ufg: '<b>Telgmann, Ursula u. a.</b>: The locally resolved filtration process for
    removal of phosphorus and micropollutants with GAC, in: <i>Journal of Water Process
    Engineering</i> 35 (2020), H. 101236.'
  van: Telgmann U, Borowska E, Felmeden J, Frechen FB. The locally resolved filtration
    process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants with GAC. Journal of Water
    Process Engineering. 2020;35(101236).
date_created: 2023-06-24T18:25:54Z
date_updated: 2023-06-27T09:01:24Z
department:
- _id: DEP3021
doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101236
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        35'
issue: '101236'
keyword:
- Water treatment
- Phosphorus
- Micropollutants
- Filter operation
- Local headloss profiles
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: Journal of Water Process Engineering
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2214-7144
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: The locally resolved filtration process for removal of phosphorus and micropollutants
  with GAC
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '15514'
volume: 35
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '12247'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'When severely degraded fens are rewetted, they often become shallow lakes
    with an average water depth of less than 1 m. The additional high nutrient availability
    in highly decomposed peat soils of these newly formed ecosystems favours the fast
    establishment of a small number of helophytes while the return of lost target
    species like low sedges and brown mosses could be delayed for decades. We hypothesise
    that the phosphorus (P) uptake of the newly developed vegetation substantially
    influences the P cycle in rewetted fens. Therefore, we investigated how much of
    the P released in upper degraded peat soils is pumped across the redox-interface
    between the soil and surface water (=‘P barrier’) during the growing season (∼150
    days) by six helophytes (Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Glyceria maxima,
    Carex acutiformis, Carex riparia, and Phalaris arundinacea) in five rewetted fens.
    We then assessed how this would affect the different plant-available P fractions
    in the rooted degraded peat layers. The highest P uptake during the growing season
    (duration 150 days from May to September) was recorded for T. latifolia and G.
    maxima (3.0 and 2.8 g m−2, respectively). Overall, the P uptake was in the range
    of the P mobilisation rates we measured in highly decomposed peat soils (range:
    0.8–15.6 g P m−2, n = 30), but four to 10-fold higher than diffusive net P fluxes
    at the interface between soil and surface water. Accordingly, helophytes are able
    to compensate for the high P mobilisation in degraded peat soils during the growing
    season, by incorporating this P into biomass. On the other hand a large part of
    the plant-P stock is released after die back through leaching and mineralisation,
    which increases the P load of these newly formed shallow lakes and possibly also
    of adjacent water courses. We estimated that it would still take 20–50 years to
    exhaust the large pool of plant-available P in highly decomposed peat soils if
    aboveground biomass was removed. Without any further management apart from fen
    rewetting it is unlikely that the fens will return to low nutrient levels within
    a human life time.'
author:
- first_name: Dominik
  full_name: Zak, Dominik
  last_name: Zak
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Gelbrecht, Jörg
  last_name: Gelbrecht
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Zerbe, Stefan
  last_name: Zerbe
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Barth, Martin
  last_name: Barth
- first_name: Alvaro
  full_name: Cabezas, Alvaro
  last_name: Cabezas
- first_name: Peggy
  full_name: Steffenhagen, Peggy
  last_name: Steffenhagen
citation:
  ama: Zak D, Gelbrecht J, Zerbe S, et al. How helophytes influence the phosphorus
    cycle in degraded inundated peat soils – Implications for fen restoration. <i>Ecological
    Engineering</i>. 2013;66(5):82-90. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003">10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003</a>
  apa: Zak, D., Gelbrecht, J., Zerbe, S., Shatwell, T., Barth, M., Cabezas, A., &#38;
    Steffenhagen, P. (2013). How helophytes influence the phosphorus cycle in degraded
    inundated peat soils – Implications for fen restoration. <i>Ecological Engineering</i>,
    <i>66</i>(5), 82–90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003</a>
  bjps: <b>Zak D <i>et al.</i></b> (2013) How Helophytes Influence the Phosphorus
    Cycle in Degraded Inundated Peat Soils – Implications for Fen Restoration. <i>Ecological
    Engineering</i> <b>66</b>, 82–90.
  chicago: 'Zak, Dominik, Jörg Gelbrecht, Stefan Zerbe, Tom Shatwell, Martin Barth,
    Alvaro Cabezas, and Peggy Steffenhagen. “How Helophytes Influence the Phosphorus
    Cycle in Degraded Inundated Peat Soils – Implications for Fen Restoration.” <i>Ecological
    Engineering</i> 66, no. 5 (2013): 82–90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Zak, Dominik, Jörg Gelbrecht, Stefan Zerbe, Tom Shatwell, Martin Barth,
    Alvaro Cabezas und Peggy Steffenhagen. 2013. How helophytes influence the phosphorus
    cycle in degraded inundated peat soils – Implications for fen restoration. <i>Ecological
    Engineering</i> 66, Nr. 5: 82–90. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003">10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zak, Dominik</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gelbrecht, Jörg</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zerbe,
    Stefan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Barth, Martin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cabezas,
    Alvaro</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Steffenhagen, Peggy</span>:
    How helophytes influence the phosphorus cycle in degraded inundated peat soils
    – Implications for fen restoration. In: <i>Ecological Engineering</i> Bd. 66.
    Amsterdam, Elsevier BV (2013), Nr. 5, S. 82–90'
  havard: D. Zak, J. Gelbrecht, S. Zerbe, T. Shatwell, M. Barth, A. Cabezas, P. Steffenhagen,
    How helophytes influence the phosphorus cycle in degraded inundated peat soils
    – Implications for fen restoration, Ecological Engineering. 66 (2013) 82–90.
  ieee: 'D. Zak <i>et al.</i>, “How helophytes influence the phosphorus cycle in degraded
    inundated peat soils – Implications for fen restoration,” <i>Ecological Engineering</i>,
    vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 82–90, 2013, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003">10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003</a>.'
  mla: Zak, Dominik, et al. “How Helophytes Influence the Phosphorus Cycle in Degraded
    Inundated Peat Soils – Implications for Fen Restoration.” <i>Ecological Engineering</i>,
    vol. 66, no. 5, 2013, pp. 82–90, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003</a>.
  short: D. Zak, J. Gelbrecht, S. Zerbe, T. Shatwell, M. Barth, A. Cabezas, P. Steffenhagen,
    Ecological Engineering 66 (2013) 82–90.
  ufg: '<b>Zak, Dominik u. a.</b>: How helophytes influence the phosphorus cycle in
    degraded inundated peat soils – Implications for fen restoration, in: <i>Ecological
    Engineering</i> 66 (2013), H. 5,  S. 82–90.'
  van: Zak D, Gelbrecht J, Zerbe S, Shatwell T, Barth M, Cabezas A, et al. How helophytes
    influence the phosphorus cycle in degraded inundated peat soils – Implications
    for fen restoration. Ecological Engineering. 2013;66(5):82–90.
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:42:18Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T09:06:10Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        66'
issue: '5'
keyword:
- Leaching
- Phosphorus retention
- Phragmites australis
- Top soil removal
- Redox interface
- Rewetting
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.003
page: 82-90
place: Amsterdam
publication: Ecological Engineering
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0925-8574
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: How helophytes influence the phosphorus cycle in degraded inundated peat soils
  – Implications for fen restoration
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 66
year: '2013'
...