---
_id: '12242'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Hutchinson and Löffler''s (1956) classification of lakes based on the seasonal
    thermal mixing regime has become a cornerstone of any analysis of lakes as elements
    of the earth surface. Until now however the lake classification has lacked a physically
    sound quantitative criterion distinguishing between two fundamental lake types:
    thermally stratified during a large portion of the year (mono- and dimictic) and
    predominantly mixed to the bottom (polymictic). Using the mechanistic balance
    between potential and kinetic energy we review the different formulations of the
    Richardson number to derive a generalized scaling for seasonal stratification
    in a closed lake basin. The scaling parameter is the critical mean basin depth,
    Hcrit, that delineates lakes that mix regularly from those that stratify seasonally
    based on lake water transparency, lake length, and an annual mean estimate for
    the Monin-Obukhov length. We validate the scaling on available data of lakes worldwide
    using logistic regression. The scaling criterion consistently described the mixing
    regime significantly better than either the conventional unbounded basin scaling
    or a simple depth threshold. Thus, the generalized scaling is universal for freshwater
    lakes and allows the seasonal mixing regime to be estimated without numerically
    solving the heat transport equations.'
author:
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Kirillin, G.
  last_name: Kirillin
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
citation:
  ama: Kirillin G, Shatwell T. Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>. 2016;161:179-190. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>
  apa: Kirillin, G., &#38; Shatwell, T. (2016). Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal
    stratification in lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, <i>161</i>, 179–190. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>
  bjps: <b>Kirillin G and Shatwell T</b> (2016) Generalized Scaling of Seasonal Thermal
    Stratification in Lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> <b>161</b>, 179–190.
  chicago: 'Kirillin, G., and Tom Shatwell. “Generalized Scaling of Seasonal Thermal
    Stratification in Lakes.” <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 161 (2016): 179–90. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Kirillin, G. und Tom Shatwell. 2016. Generalized scaling of seasonal
    thermal stratification in lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 161: 179–190. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kirillin, G.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span>: Generalized scaling of
    seasonal thermal stratification in lakes. In: <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> Bd.
    161, Elsevier BV (2016), S. 179–190'
  havard: G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes, Earth-Science Reviews. 161 (2016) 179–190.
  ieee: 'G. Kirillin and T. Shatwell, “Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes,” <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, vol. 161, pp. 179–190, 2016, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>.'
  mla: Kirillin, G., and Tom Shatwell. “Generalized Scaling of Seasonal Thermal Stratification
    in Lakes.” <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, vol. 161, 2016, pp. 179–90, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>.
  short: G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, Earth-Science Reviews 161 (2016) 179–190.
  ufg: '<b>Kirillin, G./Shatwell, Tom</b>: Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal
    stratification in lakes, in: <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 161 (2016),  S. 179–190.'
  van: Kirillin G, Shatwell T. Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes. Earth-Science Reviews. 2016;161:179–90.
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:35:50Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T10:04:30Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       161'
keyword:
- Richardson number
- Lake classification
- Seasonal stratification
- Dimixis
- Polymixis
- Water transparency
- Lake databases
- Lake modeling
- Secchi depth
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008
page: 179-190
publication: Earth-Science Reviews
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0012-8252
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification in lakes
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 161
year: '2016'
...