---
_id: '12223'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Deforestation is currently a widespread phenomenon and a growing environmental
    concern in the era of rapid climate change. In temperate regions, it is challenging
    to quantify the impacts of deforestation on the catchment dynamics and downstream
    aquatic ecosystems such as reservoirs and disentangle these from direct climate
    change impacts, let alone project future changes to inform management. Here, we
    tackled this issue by investigating a unique catchment-reservoir system with two
    reservoirs in distinct trophic states (meso‑ and eutrophic), both of which drain
    into the largest drinking water reservoir in Germany. Due to the prolonged droughts
    in 2015–2018, the catchment of the mesotrophic reservoir lost an unprecedented
    area of forest (exponential increase since 2015 and ca. 17.1% loss in 2020 alone).
    We coupled catchment nutrient exports (HYPE) and reservoir ecosystem dynamics
    (GOTM-WET) models using a process-based modeling approach. The coupled model was
    validated with datasets spanning periods of rapid deforestation, which makes our
    future projections highly robust. Results show that in a short-term time scale
    (by 2035), increasing nutrient flux from the catchment due to vast deforestation
    (80% loss) can turn the mesotrophic reservoir into a eutrophic state as its counterpart.
    Our results emphasize the more prominent impacts of deforestation than the direct
    impact of climate warming in impairment of water quality and ecological services
    to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the impact
    of climate change on temperate reservoirs by incorporating a time scale-dependent
    context, highlighting the indirect impact of deforestation in the short-term scale.
    In the long-term scale (e.g. to 2100), a guiding hypothesis for future research
    may be that indirect effects (e.g., as mediated by catchment dynamics) are as
    important as the direct effects of climate warming on aquatic ecosystems.
article_number: '118721'
author:
- first_name: Xiangzhen
  full_name: Kong, Xiangzhen
  last_name: Kong
- first_name: Salman
  full_name: Ghaffar, Salman
  last_name: Ghaffar
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Determann, Maria
  last_name: Determann
- first_name: Kurt
  full_name: Friese, Kurt
  last_name: Friese
- first_name: Seifeddine
  full_name: Jomaa, Seifeddine
  last_name: Jomaa
- first_name: Chenxi
  full_name: Mi, Chenxi
  last_name: Mi
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Rode, Michael
  last_name: Rode
citation:
  ama: 'Kong X, Ghaffar S, Determann M, et al. Reservoir water quality deterioration
    due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects of global change. <i>Water
    research : a journal of the International Water Association</i>. 2022;221(8).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721">10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721</a>'
  apa: 'Kong, X., Ghaffar, S., Determann, M., Friese, K., Jomaa, S., Mi, C., Shatwell,
    T., Rinke, K., &#38; Rode, M. (2022). Reservoir water quality deterioration due
    to deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects of global change. <i>Water Research :
    A Journal of the International Water Association</i>, <i>221</i>(8), Article 118721.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Kong X <i>et al.</i></b> (2022) Reservoir Water Quality Deterioration
    Due to Deforestation Emphasizes the Indirect Effects of Global Change. <i>Water
    research : a journal of the International Water Association</i> <b>221</b>.'
  chicago: 'Kong, Xiangzhen, Salman Ghaffar, Maria Determann, Kurt Friese, Seifeddine
    Jomaa, Chenxi Mi, Tom Shatwell, Karsten Rinke, and Michael Rode. “Reservoir Water
    Quality Deterioration Due to Deforestation Emphasizes the Indirect Effects of
    Global Change.” <i>Water Research : A Journal of the International Water Association</i>
    221, no. 8 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Kong, Xiangzhen, Salman Ghaffar, Maria Determann, Kurt Friese, Seifeddine
    Jomaa, Chenxi Mi, Tom Shatwell, Karsten Rinke und Michael Rode. 2022. Reservoir
    water quality deterioration due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects
    of global change. <i>Water research : a journal of the International Water Association</i>
    221, Nr. 8. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721">10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kong,
    Xiangzhen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ghaffar, Salman</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Determann, Maria</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Friese,
    Kurt</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jomaa, Seifeddine</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mi, Chenxi</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell,
    Tom</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rinke, Karsten</span> ; u. a.</span>:
    Reservoir water quality deterioration due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect
    effects of global change. In: <i>Water research : a journal of the International
    Water Association</i> Bd. 221. Amsterdam, Elsevier BV (2022), Nr. 8'
  havard: 'X. Kong, S. Ghaffar, M. Determann, K. Friese, S. Jomaa, C. Mi, T. Shatwell,
    K. Rinke, M. Rode, Reservoir water quality deterioration due to deforestation
    emphasizes the indirect effects of global change, Water Research : A Journal of
    the International Water Association. 221 (2022).'
  ieee: 'X. Kong <i>et al.</i>, “Reservoir water quality deterioration due to deforestation
    emphasizes the indirect effects of global change,” <i>Water research : a journal
    of the International Water Association</i>, vol. 221, no. 8, Art. no. 118721,
    2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721">10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721</a>.'
  mla: 'Kong, Xiangzhen, et al. “Reservoir Water Quality Deterioration Due to Deforestation
    Emphasizes the Indirect Effects of Global Change.” <i>Water Research : A Journal
    of the International Water Association</i>, vol. 221, no. 8, 118721, 2022, <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721</a>.'
  short: 'X. Kong, S. Ghaffar, M. Determann, K. Friese, S. Jomaa, C. Mi, T. Shatwell,
    K. Rinke, M. Rode, Water Research : A Journal of the International Water Association
    221 (2022).'
  ufg: '<b>Kong, Xiangzhen u. a.</b>: Reservoir water quality deterioration due to
    deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects of global change, in: <i>Water research :
    a journal of the International Water Association</i> 221 (2022), H. 8.'
  van: 'Kong X, Ghaffar S, Determann M, Friese K, Jomaa S, Mi C, et al. Reservoir
    water quality deterioration due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects
    of global change. Water research : a journal of the International Water Association.
    2022;221(8).'
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:52:43Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T13:11:19Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       221'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- Deforestation
- Climate change
- Temperate regions
- Reservoir
- Eutrophication
- Process-based modeling
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam
publication: 'Water research : a journal of the International Water Association'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2448
  issn:
  - 0043-1354
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Reservoir water quality deterioration due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect
  effects of global change
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 221
year: '2022'
...