@misc{12831, abstract = {{The overall Industry 4.0 developments and the highly dynamic threat landscape enhance the need for continuous security engineering of industrial components, modules, and systems. Security risk assessments play a major role to ensure a secure operation of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACSs) but are mostly neglected due to missing resources and a lack of human experts for the sophisticated manual tasks. Therefore, a method for information and process modelling regarding the automation of security risk assessments has been previously designed, but not yet evaluated. This work in progress begins the evaluation of the automated security risk assessment concept by investigating the related work and identifying the main deficits. The results include a requirements analysis for the verification and an outlook towards future evaluation aspects.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Lukas, Georg and Trsek, Henning and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Kastner, Wolfgang and Diedrich, Christian}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)}}, isbn = {{979-8-3503-1935-4}}, issn = {{2835-8511}}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Security, Risk Assessment, Automation, Requirements, Evaluation, Verification}}, location = {{Toulouse, FRANCE}}, pages = {{180--183}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Requirements Analysis for the Evaluation of Automated Security Risk Assessments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540830}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11348, abstract = {{Lifetime is an important feature defining the reliability of electrical connectors. In general practice, the lifetime tests required for reliability estimation are time and labor intensive. In our previous work, a data driven method using a statistical process, with an application of probability distributions such as standard normal distribution and generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution with negative skewness to predict degradation paths, was introduced for estimation of the lifetime and FIT rate with the help of electrical contact resistance data collected from short term tests. The proposed method proved its significance by showing the possibility of drastic reduction in the lifetime test duration required for reliability determination. In this work, a non-parametric distribution free method using percentiles of actual measured contact resistances is used for determining the lifetime as against the percentiles of probability distribution used in previous work, thereby simplifying the process further and leading to an even more precise estimation. The lifetimes calculated from parametric and non-parametric methods are compared to highlight the significance of distribution free method in reliability estimation.}}, author = {{Shukla, Abhay Rammurti and Martin, Robert and Probst, Roman and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Microelectronics Reliability}}, issn = {{0026-2714}}, keywords = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}}, publisher = {{Elsevier }}, title = {{{Comparison of different statistical methods for prediction of lifetime of electrical connectors with short term tests}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.microrel.2023.115216}}, volume = {{150}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12875, abstract = {{Manufacturing systems based on Industry 4.0 concepts provide a greater availability of data and have modular characteristics enabling frequent changes. This raises the need for new security engineering concepts that cover the increasing complexity and frequency of mandatory security risk assessments. In contrast, the current standardization landscape used for the assessment of these systems only offers abstract, static, manual, and resource-intensive procedures. Therefore, this work proposes a method that further specifies the IEC 62443 aiming to automate the security risk assessments in such a way that manual efforts can be reduced and a consistent quality can be achieved. The methodology is presented using network segmentation as a guiding example and consists of four main steps: Information collection based on a process analysis, information formalisation with a semi-formal model, information usage applying first order logic to extract expert knowledge, and information access using the concept of the digital twin. In addition, the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard to the risk assessment of modular manufacturing systems is evaluated.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Bröring, Andre and Diedrich, Christian and Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Automatisierungstechnik : AT }}, issn = {{2196-677X}}, keywords = {{sasset administration shell, automation, information model, modular manufacturing system, risk assessment, security}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{453--466}}, publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}}, title = {{{Towards automated risk assessments for modular manufacturing systems}}}, doi = {{10.1515/auto-2022-0098}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12995, abstract = {{Due to Industry 4.0 developments, the demanded modularity of manufacturing systems generates additional manual efforts for security experts to guarantee a secure operation. The rising utilization of information and the frequent changes of system structures necessitate a continuous and automated security engineering, especially by application of the mandatory security risk assessments. Collecting the required information for these assessments and formalising expert knowledge shall improve the security of modular manufacturing systems in the future. In order to automate the security risk assessment process, this work proposes a method to determine the Target Security Level (SL-T) in conformance to the IEC 62443 standard based on the MITRE ATT&CK framework and the Intel Threat Agent Library (TAL).}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Bröring, Andre and Diedrich, Christian and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Kastner, Wolfgang and Trsek, Henning}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics : INDIN 2023 : 17-20 July 2023, Lemgo, Germany}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-9314-7}}, keywords = {{Integrated circuits, Industries, Libraries, Security, Risk management, IEC Standards, Interviews}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Determining the Target Security Level for Automated Security Risk Assessments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/indin51400.2023.10217902}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{13018, abstract = {{Current societal challenges like climate change led to a general agreement that our cities need to become greener and our lifestyles more sustainable. This transformation of our daily living environments can also impact the prevalence of non-communicable diseases as a global disease burden of our time. These positive impacts of horizontal green spaces on human health are widely recognized. However, it is still unclear whether the same is true for green walls, as a promising nature-based solution for dense urban spaces which is increasingly applied. To date, the available research on green walls has not been systematically synthesized along the potential impact pathways of reducing environmental stressors (Mitigation), restoring capacities (Restoration), and promoting healthier behavior (Instoration). We conducted a systematic review of 30 reviews to synthesize available evidence on all three pathways and direct health outcomes, following the established strategies of PICOS and PRISMA. We assessed the review quality through AMSTAR. We found strong consistent evidence that green walls can mitigate urban heat island effects (daylight surface temperature: -0.3 °C to -31.9°, daylight air temperature: -0 °C to -8.7 °C), air pollution (PM2.5: -25% to -99%, PM10: -23% to -60%), and noise pollution (sound pressure level: -1dBA to -5dBA). We found some evidence for disaster risk reduction and restoration effects. There were no reviews on the instoration pathway or direct health outcomes. The underlying reviews rated low according to the AMSTAR checklist, which might limit our findings. We recognize a generally young research field and conclude that more in-field studies are needed in all pathways to better understand the relationship between green walls and health.}}, author = {{Cardinali, Marcel and Balderrama, Alvaro and Arztmann, Daniel and Pottgiesser, Uta}}, booktitle = {{Nature-Based Solutions}}, issn = {{2772-4115}}, keywords = {{Nature-based solutions, Green facades, Living walls, Health, Environmental risk factors, Well-being, Environmental comfort, Behavior}}, number = {{12}}, publisher = {{Elsevier }}, title = {{{Green walls and health: An umbrella review}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{7518, abstract = {{The sharing economy provides short-term access to products without the risks associated with ownership. While extant research primarily examined it in the context of affluent consumer segments, the sharing economy may offer opportunities for consumers at the base of the economic pyramid, where ownership risks prevent access to products that could create societal benefits. Drawing from risk perception theory, we examine how access-based services, as an alternative to ownership, can mitigate perceived risk dimensions. An experimental study reveals that, in contrast to consumers with higher income, low-income consumers perceive access-based services to entail less financial risk, resulting in a greater inclination to access a good than to own it. In a second study, we explore these differences by comparing access with a risk mitigation strategy. We find that at the base of the pyramid, access is perceived to entail less financial risk than both ownership and ownership with a warranty. The results indicate the importance of the sharing economy for addressing the limited availability of resources for alleviating poverty. Based on our findings, we derive implications for consumers and service providers at the base of the pyramid, and discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic may be detrimental to the identified opportunities.}}, author = {{Schäfers, Tobias and Narayanamurthy, Gopalakrishnan and Moser, Roger and Leban, Marina}}, booktitle = {{Psychology & Marketing}}, issn = {{1520-6793}}, keywords = {{access-based services, base of the pyramid, risk perception theory, sharing economy}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{2073--2088}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{The sharing economy at the base of the economic pyramid: How access‐based services can help overcome ownership risks}}}, doi = {{10.1002/mar.21541}}, volume = {{38}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inbook{5817, abstract = {{The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas: Climate Resilience; Water Management; Natural and Climate Hazards; Green Space Management; Biodiversity; Air Quality; Place Regeneration; Knowledge and Social Capacity Building for Sustainable Urban Transformation; Participatory Planning and Governance; Social Justice and Social Cohesion; Health and Well-being; New Economic Opportunities and Green Jobs. Indicators have been developed collaboratively by representatives of 17 individual EU-funded NBS projects and collaborating institutions such as the EEA and JRC, as part of the European Taskforce for NBS Impact Assessment, with the four-fold objective of: serving as a reference for relevant EU policies and activities; orient urban practitioners in developing robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature-based solutions at different scales; expand upon the pioneering work of the EKLIPSE framework by providing a comprehensive set of indicators and methodologies; and build the European evidence base regarding NBS impacts. They reflect the state of the art in current scientific research on impacts of nature-based solutions and valid and standardized methods of assessment, as well as the state of play in urban implementation of evaluation frameworks.}}, author = {{Skodra, Julita and Connop, Stuart and Tacnet, Jean-Marc and Van Cauwenbergh, Nora and Almassy, D. and Baldacchini, C. and Basco Carrera, L. and Caitana, B. and Cardinali, Marcel and Feliu, E. and Garcia, I. and Garcia-Blanco, G. and Jones, G. and Kraus, L. and Mahmoud, I. and Maia, S. and Morello, E. and Pérez Lapena, B. and Pinter, L. and Porcu, F. and Reichborn-Kjennerud, K. and Ruangpan, L. and Rutzinger, M. and Vojinovic, Z.}}, booktitle = {{Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions. A handbook for practitioners}}, editor = {{Dumitru, Adina and Wendling, Laura}}, isbn = {{978-92-76-22961-2}}, keywords = {{atmospheric pollution, biodiversity, community resilience, database, decision-making, environmental impact, environmental indicator, environmental risk prevention, innovation, natural hazard, sustainable development, urban area, user guide, waste management}}, pages = {{46--69}}, publisher = {{Publications Office of the European Union}}, title = {{{Principles Guiding NBS Performance and Impact Evaluation}}}, doi = {{10.2777/244577}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inbook{5821, abstract = {{The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas: Climate Resilience; Water Management; Natural and Climate Hazards; Green Space Management; Biodiversity; Air Quality; Place Regeneration; Knowledge and Social Capacity Building for Sustainable Urban Transformation; Participatory Planning and Governance; Social Justice and Social Cohesion; Health and Well-being; New Economic Opportunities and Green Jobs. Indicators have been developed collaboratively by representatives of 17 individual EU-funded NBS projects and collaborating institutions such as the EEA and JRC, as part of the European Taskforce for NBS Impact Assessment, with the four-fold objective of: serving as a reference for relevant EU policies and activities; orient urban practitioners in developing robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature-based solutions at different scales; expand upon the pioneering work of the EKLIPSE framework by providing a comprehensive set of indicators and methodologies; and build the European evidence base regarding NBS impacts. They reflect the state of the art in current scientific research on impacts of nature-based solutions and valid and standardized methods of assessment, as well as the state of play in urban implementation of evaluation frameworks.}}, author = {{Dumitru, Adina and Garcia, Igone and Zorita, Saioa and Tomé-Lourido, Davidé and Cardinali, Marcel and Feliu, E. and Fermoso, J. and Ferilli, G. and Guidolotti, G. and Hölscher, K. and Lodder, M. and Reichborn-Kjennerud, K. and Rinta-Hiiro, V. and Maia, S.}}, booktitle = {{Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions. A handbook for practitioners}}, editor = {{Adina, Dumitru and Laura, Wendling}}, isbn = {{978-92-76-22961-2}}, keywords = {{atmospheric pollution, biodiversity, community resilience, database, decision-making, environmental impact, environmental indicator, environmental risk prevention, innovation, natural hazard, sustainable development, urban area, user guide, waste management}}, pages = {{78--104}}, publisher = {{Publications Office of the European Union}}, title = {{{Approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy Development}}}, doi = {{10.2777/244577}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inbook{5824, abstract = {{The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas: Climate Resilience; Water Management; Natural and Climate Hazards; Green Space Management; Biodiversity; Air Quality; Place Regeneration; Knowledge and Social Capacity Building for Sustainable Urban Transformation; Participatory Planning and Governance; Social Justice and Social Cohesion; Health and Well-being; New Economic Opportunities and Green Jobs. Indicators have been developed collaboratively by representatives of 17 individual EU-funded NBS projects and collaborating institutions such as the EEA and JRC, as part of the European Taskforce for NBS Impact Assessment, with the four-fold objective of: serving as a reference for relevant EU policies and activities; orient urban practitioners in developing robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature-based solutions at different scales; expand upon the pioneering work of the EKLIPSE framework by providing a comprehensive set of indicators and methodologies; and build the European evidence base regarding NBS impacts. They reflect the state of the art in current scientific research on impacts of nature-based solutions and valid and standardized methods of assessment, as well as the state of play in urban implementation of evaluation frameworks.}}, author = {{Cardinali, Marcel}}, booktitle = {{Evaluating the Impact of Nature-based Solutions: Appendix of Methods}}, editor = {{Adina, Dumitru and Laura, Wendling}}, isbn = {{978-92-76-22960-5}}, keywords = {{atmospheric pollution, biodiversity, community resilience, database, decision-making, environmental impact, environmental indicator, environmental risk prevention, innovation, natural hazard, sustainable development, urban area, user guide, waste management}}, publisher = {{Publications Office of the European Union}}, title = {{{Contributors to Indicators of NBS Performance and Impact Assessment}}}, doi = {{10.2777/11361}}, year = {{2021}}, } @book{4851, abstract = {{In diesem Open-Access-Tagungsband sind die besten Beiträge des 9. Jahreskolloquiums "Kommunikation in der Automation" (KommA 2018) und des 6. Jahreskolloquiums "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" (BVAu 2018) enthalten. Die Kolloquien fanden am 20. und 21. November 2018 in der SmartFactoryOWL, einer gemeinsamen Einrichtung des Fraunhofer IOSB-INA und der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe statt. Die vorgestellten neuesten Forschungsergebnisse auf den Gebieten der industriellen Kommunikationstechnik und Bildverarbeitung erweitern den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Technik. Die in den Beiträgen enthaltenen anschaulichen Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Automation setzen die Ergebnisse in den direkten Anwendungsbezug.}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Lohweg, Volker}}, isbn = {{978-3-662-59894-8}}, issn = {{2522-8587}}, keywords = {{Industrielle Kommunikationstechnik Industrielle Bildverarbeitung Network reliability and redundancy methods Networked Control Systems Wireless real-time communication Open Access quality control, reliability, safety and risk}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{364}}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg}}, title = {{{Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation : Ausgewählte Beiträge der Jahreskolloquien KommA und BVAu 2018}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59895-5}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2020}}, } @book{4506, abstract = {{In diesem Tagungsband sind die besten Beiträge des 7. Jahreskolloquiums "Kommunikation in der Automation" (KommA 2016) und des 5. Jahreskolloquiums "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" (BVAu 2016) enthalten. Die Kolloquien fanden am 30. November und 1. Dezember 2016 anlässlich des 10jährigen Jubiläums des inIT - Institut für industrielle Informationstechnik in der SmartFactoryOWL, einer herstellerunabhängigen und offenen Industrie 4.0 Forschungs- und Demonstrationsplattform und zugleich Testfeld für den Mittelstand, in Lemgo statt. Die vorgestellten neuesten Forschungsergebnisse auf den Gebieten der industriellen Kommunikationstechnik und Bildverarbeitung erweitern den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Technik. Die in den Beiträgen enthaltenen anschauliche Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Bereich der Automation setzen die Ergebnisse in den direkten Anwendungsbezug.}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Lohweg, Volker}}, isbn = {{978-3-662-55231-5}}, keywords = {{Industrielle Kommunikationstechnik, Industrielle Bildverarbeitung, network reliability and redundancy methods, Networked Controls Systems, wireless real-time communication, quality control, reliability, safety and risk}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{295}}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg}}, title = {{{ Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation : Ausgewählte Beiträge der Jahreskolloquien KommA und BVAu 2016 zum 10jährigen Jubiläum des inIT - Institut für industrielle Informationstechnik}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-662-55232-2}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4373, abstract = {{Today, usability measures for the evaluation of systems and interfaces are mostly assessed in an isolated way. This paper addresses the question whether an integrative multi-dimensional feature evaluation can lead to different and more holistic results. We combined traditional measures (e.g., time to task completion) with advanced measures, like eye tracking, biosignal data logging and assessment of user emotions. For the evaluation of emotions, we used verbal methods (PAD Semantic Scale and a questionnaire) and a nonverbal method with EmoCards. The overall goal was to document and analyze the interaction as completely as possible (including effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction), focusing especially on objective measurements. Furthermore, the recording and assessment of emotions, which are part of the user experience, should give insights into user satisfaction.}}, author = {{Ermes, Verena and Janß, Armin and Radermacher, Klaus and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare }}, editor = {{Hein, Andreas}}, keywords = {{Usability Measures, User Experience, Eye Tracking, Biosignal Data Logging, Emotion Evaluation, Risk Analysis, Medical Devices, Integrated Usability Evaluation}}, location = {{Oldenburg}}, pages = {{227 -- 230}}, publisher = {{ ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering)}}, title = {{{Analyzing the Benefits of Integrative Multi-Dimensional Assessments of Usability Features in Interaction-Centered User Studies}}}, doi = {{10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.255142#d73284787e1}}, year = {{2014}}, }