---
_id: '13675'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper extends a previously developed biobjective Mixed-Integer Linear
    Programming (MILP) methodology for reducing electricity costs and CO2 emissions
    in Smart-E-Factory applications. While the earlier approach assumed fixed photovoltaic
    (PV) and battery capacities, we now propose a cascaded optimization framework
    to determine the optimal sizing (power rating and orientation of the PV system,
    battery capacity) while simultaneously optimizing battery dispatch. The cost function
    combines operational costs with amortized investment costs of both PV and battery
    systems, embedded in a dynamic scheduling optimization that addresses real-time
    electricity price and CO2 signals. Numerical results indicate that intermediate
    capacities and balanced east/west orientation maximize cost-effectiveness and
    emission reductions. This study underscores the value of coupling parametric design
    and dispatch optimization to achieve scalable, sustainable solutions for industrial
    energy systems.
author:
- first_name: Seyed Davood
  full_name: Mousavi, Seyed Davood
  id: '79148'
  last_name: Mousavi
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schulte, Thomas
  id: '46242'
  last_name: Schulte
citation:
  ama: Mousavi SD, Schulte T. <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under
    Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. (University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University,
    Türkiye , ICECCE, eds.). IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>
  apa: 'Mousavi, S. D., &#38; Schulte, T. (2025). Cascaded Optimization of PV and
    Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals. In University of Buner, Pakistan;
    Altinbas University, Türkiye  &#38; ICECCE (Eds.), <i>  6th International Conference
    on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August
    2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>. IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Mousavi SD and Schulte T</b> (2025) <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and
    Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>, University of Buner, Pakistan;
    Altinbas University, Türkiye  and ICECCE (eds). [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Mousavi, Seyed Davood, and Thomas Schulte. <i>Cascaded Optimization of
    PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. Edited by University
    of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye  and ICECCE. <i>  6th International
    Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) :
    27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Mousavi, Seyed Davood und Thomas Schulte. 2025. <i>Cascaded Optimization
    of PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. Hg. von University
    of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye  und ICECCE. <i>  6th International
    Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) :
    27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mousavi, Seyed Davood</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">University
    of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye </span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">ICECCE</span>
    (Hrsg.): <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost
    and CO Signals</i>. [Piscataway, NJ] : IEEE, 2025'
  havard: S.D. Mousavi, T. Schulte, Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing
    Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals, IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2025.
  ieee: 'S. D. Mousavi and T. Schulte, <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery
    Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2025. doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>.'
  mla: 'Mousavi, Seyed Davood, and Thomas Schulte. “Cascaded Optimization of PV and
    Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals.” <i>  6th International Conference
    on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August
    2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>, edited by University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas
    University, Türkiye  and ICECCE, IEEE, 2025, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>.'
  short: S.D. Mousavi, T. Schulte, Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing
    Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals, IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2025.
  ufg: '<b>Mousavi, Seyed Davood/Schulte, Thomas</b>: Cascaded Optimization of PV
    and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals, hg. von University of Buner,
    Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye , ICECCE, [Piscataway, NJ] 2025.'
  van: 'Mousavi SD, Schulte T. Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under
    Dynamic Cost and CO Signals. University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University,
    Türkiye , ICECCE, editors.   6th International Conference on Electrical, Communication
    and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye.
    [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE; 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-08-28
  location: 'Istanbul, Turkiye '
  name: 6th International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering
    (ICECCE)
  start_date: 2025-08-27
corporate_editor:
- 'University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye '
- ICECCE
date_created: 2026-04-10T07:05:12Z
date_updated: 2026-04-13T09:16:02Z
department:
- _id: DEP6020
- _id: DEP5022
doi: 10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982
keyword:
- Photovoltaic systems
- Cost
- Electricity
- Tariffs
- Stochastic processes
- Real-time systems
- Robustness
- Batteries
- Planning
- Mixed integer linear programming
language:
- iso: eng
place: '[Piscataway, NJ]'
publication: "\t 6th International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer
  Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye"
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 979-8-3315-4914-5
  isbn:
  - '979-8-3315-4915-2 '
  - 979-8-3315-4916-9
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '8437'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Low voltage direct current microgrids (DC-MG) provide a solution for increased
    efficiency by the reduction of conversion losses, total reuse of recuperation
    energy and an increased share of local power generation. Especially industrial
    applications ask for high uptimes and a stable voltage supply, which are both
    at stake in a power grid dominated by renewable generation. DC-MGs overcome these
    drawbacks by balancing energy distribution and power demand locally. For the planning
    and design of these grids a systemic approach is needed, due to the fact that
    many components are interacting. The task arises of structuring the knowledge
    available for individual technologies in an overall design framework. For this
    purpose, current state-of-the-art design processes are discussed in this article.
    These processes are mapped into the context of the requirements in an industrial
    environment. The findings are transferred to the design of industrial DC networks.
    Finally, a complete design process for DC-MGs is derived, which is proposed as
    a basis for the development of tools.
citation:
  ama: Schaab D, Spanier P, Ehlich  M, Fosselmann E, eds. <i>Design Framework for
    Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. IEEE; 2022. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633">10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>
  apa: Schaab, D., Spanier, P., Ehlich , M., &#38; Fosselmann, E. (Eds.). (2022).
    <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>.
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633">https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>
  bjps: '<b>Schaab D <i>et al.</i> (eds)</b> (2022) <i>Design Framework for Multiple
    Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Schaab, Darian, Patrick Spanier, Martin  Ehlich , and Eric  Fosselmann,
    eds. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>.
    2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies
    (CEECT). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633">https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Schaab, Darian, Patrick Spanier, Martin  Ehlich  und Eric  Fosselmann,
    Hrsg. 2022. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial
    Applications</i>. 2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering
    and Control Technologies (CEECT). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633">10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schaab, D.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Spanier,
    P.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ehlich , M.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fosselmann, E.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Design Framework
    for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>, <i>2021 3rd
    International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)</i>.
    Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2022'
  havard: D. Schaab, P. Spanier, M. Ehlich , E. Fosselmann, eds., Design Framework
    for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications, IEEE, Piscataway,
    NJ, 2022.
  ieee: 'D. Schaab, P. Spanier, M. Ehlich , and E. Fosselmann, Eds., <i>Design Framework
    for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. Piscataway,
    NJ: IEEE, 2022. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633">10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>.'
  mla: Schaab, Darian, et al., editors. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids
    in Industrial Applications</i>. IEEE, 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633">https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>.
  short: D. Schaab, P. Spanier, M. Ehlich , E. Fosselmann, eds., Design Framework
    for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications, IEEE, Piscataway,
    NJ, 2022.
  ufg: '<i><i>Schaab, Darian</i> u. a.</i>: Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids
    in Industrial Applications, Piscataway, NJ 2022 (2021 3rd International Conference
    on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)).'
  van: 'Schaab D, Spanier P, Ehlich  M, Fosselmann E, editors. Design Framework for
    Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE;
    2022. (2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control
    Technologies (CEECT)).'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-12-18
  location: ' Macau, Macao '
  name: 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies
    (CEECT)
  start_date: 2021-12-16
date_created: 2022-07-06T08:55:01Z
date_updated: 2024-08-07T09:37:05Z
department:
- _id: DEP6020
- _id: DEP5018
doi: 10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633
editor:
- first_name: Darian
  full_name: Schaab, Darian
  last_name: Schaab
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Spanier, Patrick
  id: '43516'
  last_name: Spanier
- first_name: 'Martin '
  full_name: 'Ehlich , Martin '
  last_name: 'Ehlich '
- first_name: 'Eric '
  full_name: 'Fosselmann, Eric '
  last_name: Fosselmann
keyword:
- Renewable energy sources
- Power demand
- Process control
- Voltage
- Robustness
- Planning
- Stakeholders
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 978-1-6654-4041-7
  isbn:
  - 978-1-6654-4042-4
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
series_title: 2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control
  Technologies (CEECT)
status: public
title: Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications
type: conference_editor
user_id: '83781'
year: '2022'
...