---
_id: '12844'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solketal and oxymethylene ether (OME) are two promising blending candidates
    for regenerative fuels (e-fuels), which could contribute to a holistic solution
    to the energy crisis. In this study the thermo-oxidative aging of these two e-fuels
    in their pure form as well as in binary mixtures with different ratios (3:1, 1:1,
    and 1:3) (vol%) is investigated. Herein, the reaction networks of the thermo-oxidative
    aging process of both e-fuels and mixtures thereof is elucidated based on intermediates
    and decomposition products determined via GC-MS. Furthermore, changes of important
    fuel-specific parameters like kinematic viscosity and density as well as total
    acid number during aging have been determined. The 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture
    exhibits a higher stability to thermo-oxidative aging than the pure fuel components
    or mixtures with other ratios. The viscosity value of this mixture is within the
    DIN EN 590 norm after accelerated aging of 72 h (viscosity (72 h) = 4.25 mm(2)/s))
    unlike other blends. The maximum value of the total acid number of this aged mixture
    reaches only similar to 29 % of the maximum value of aged pure OME and has the
    lowest value of all mixtures. Furthermore, the formation of a precipitate could
    be successfully suppressed in the 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture different from
    other mixtures. With these findings, this study contributes to the design of new
    sustainable fuels for the transport sector.
article_number: '134738'
author:
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
  last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Maximilian J.
  full_name: Poller, Maximilian J.
  last_name: Poller
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Schröder, Olaf
  last_name: Schröder
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Garbe, Thomas
  last_name: Garbe
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Jakob, Markus
  last_name: Jakob
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Albert, Jakob
  last_name: Albert
citation:
  ama: 'Lichtinger A, Poller MJ, Schröder O, et al. Revealing the aging mechanisms
    of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels. <i>Fuel :
    the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>. 2025;390. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>'
  apa: 'Lichtinger, A., Poller, M. J., Schröder, O., Türck, J., Garbe, T., Krahl,
    J., Jakob, M., &#38; Albert, J. (2025). Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal,
    oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels. <i>Fuel : The Science
    and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>, <i>390</i>, Article 134738. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Lichtinger A <i>et al.</i></b> (2025) Revealing the Aging Mechanisms of
    Solketal, Oxymethylene Ether, and Mixtures Thereof as Promising e-Fuels. <i>Fuel :
    the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> <b>390</b>.'
  chicago: 'Lichtinger, Anne, Maximilian J. Poller, Olaf Schröder, Julian Türck, Thomas
    Garbe, Jürgen Krahl, Markus Jakob, and Jakob Albert. “Revealing the Aging Mechanisms
    of Solketal, Oxymethylene Ether, and Mixtures Thereof as Promising e-Fuels.” <i>Fuel :
    The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i> 390 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Lichtinger, Anne, Maximilian J. Poller, Olaf Schröder, Julian Türck,
    Thomas Garbe, Jürgen Krahl, Markus Jakob und Jakob Albert. 2025. Revealing the
    aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising
    e-fuels. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 390. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lichtinger, Anne</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Poller, Maximilian J.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schröder,
    Olaf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garbe, Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl,
    Jürgen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jakob, Markus</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Albert, Jakob</span>: Revealing the aging
    mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising
    e-fuels. In: <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> Bd. 390.
    Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2025)'
  havard: 'A. Lichtinger, M.J. Poller, O. Schröder, J. Türck, T. Garbe, J. Krahl,
    M. Jakob, J. Albert, Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene
    ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels, Fuel : The Science and Technology
    of Fuel and Energy. 390 (2025).'
  ieee: 'A. Lichtinger <i>et al.</i>, “Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal,
    oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels,” <i>Fuel : the
    science and technology of fuel and energy</i>, vol. 390, Art. no. 134738, 2025,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>.'
  mla: 'Lichtinger, Anne, et al. “Revealing the Aging Mechanisms of Solketal, Oxymethylene
    Ether, and Mixtures Thereof as Promising e-Fuels.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology
    of Fuel and Energy</i>, vol. 390, 134738, 2025, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>.'
  short: 'A. Lichtinger, M.J. Poller, O. Schröder, J. Türck, T. Garbe, J. Krahl, M.
    Jakob, J. Albert, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy 390 (2025).'
  ufg: '<b>Lichtinger, Anne u. a.</b>: Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal,
    oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels, in: <i>Fuel : the
    science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 390 (2025).'
  van: 'Lichtinger A, Poller MJ, Schröder O, Türck J, Garbe T, Krahl J, et al. Revealing
    the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as
    promising e-fuels. Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy. 2025;390.'
date_created: 2025-04-23T12:10:42Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T07:09:35Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001433299000001'
intvolume: '       390'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- E -fuels
- Solketal
- OME
- Fuel mixtures
- Aging mechanism
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures
  thereof as promising e-fuels
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 390
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '12823'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The energy crisis and dependence on fossil fuels forces societies to develop
    alternative pathways to secure energy supplies. Therefore, non‐fossil fuels such
    as biofuels and e‐fuels can help counteract the resulting demand for existing
    combustion engines. However, biofuels, like biodiesel, have disadvantages in terms
    of oxidation stability. In general, aging of biodiesel is a complex mechanism
    due to interaction of various components. In order to develop an ideal fuel, the
    mechanism must be understood in full detail. In this work, an attempt is made
    to simplify the system by using methyl oleate as a biodiesel model component.
    In addition, other fuel components of interest such as alcohols and their respective
    acids help to clarify the aging mechanism. This work used isopropylidene glycerol
    (solketal) as the main alcohol, 1‐octanol and octanoic acid. A holistic biodiesel
    aging scheme was developed by using generated data and evaluating the role of
    acids. They epoxidize unsaturated fatty acid via Prileschajev reactions. In addition,
    the role of epoxides in oligomerization reactions is confirmed. Moreover, the
    alcohols show that the suppression of oligomerization can be achieved by the reaction
    with methyl oleate. The alcohol‐dependent aging products were determined by quadrupole
    time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass spectrometry.
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schmitt, Fabian
  last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Anthofer, Lukas
  last_name: Anthofer
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Türck, Ralf
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
  last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: 'Türck J, Schmitt F, Anthofer L, Türck R, Ruck W, Krahl J. Extension of Biodiesel
    Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of
    Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal. <i>  ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability,
    energy &#38; materials</i>. 2023;16(17). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263">10.1002/cssc.202300263</a>'
  apa: 'Türck, J., Schmitt, F., Anthofer, L., Türck, R., Ruck, W., &#38; Krahl, J.
    (2023). Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl
    Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal. <i>  ChemSusChem :
    Chemistry &#38; Sustainability, Energy &#38; Materials</i>, <i>16</i>(17). <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Türck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the
    Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the
    Use of Solketal. <i>  ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability, energy &#38;
    materials</i> <b>16</b>.'
  chicago: 'Türck, Julian, Fabian Schmitt, Lukas Anthofer, Ralf Türck, Wolfgang Ruck,
    and Jürgen Krahl. “Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence
    of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal.”
    <i>  ChemSusChem : Chemistry &#38; Sustainability, Energy &#38; Materials</i>
    16, no. 17 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Türck, Julian, Fabian Schmitt, Lukas Anthofer, Ralf Türck, Wolfgang
    Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2023. Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and
    Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of
    Solketal. <i>  ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability, energy &#38; materials</i>
    16, Nr. 17. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263">10.1002/cssc.202300263</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schmitt, Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Anthofer,
    Lukas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Ralf</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruck, Wolfgang</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl,
    Jürgen</span>: Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of
    Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal. In:
    <i>  ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability, energy &#38; materials</i>
    Bd. 16. Weinheim, Wiley (2023), Nr. 17'
  havard: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, R. Türck, W. Ruck, J. Krahl, Extension
    of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution
    of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal,   ChemSusChem : Chemistry &#38; Sustainability,
    Energy &#38; Materials. 16 (2023).'
  ieee: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, R. Türck, W. Ruck, and J. Krahl, “Extension
    of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution
    of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal,” <i>  ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability,
    energy &#38; materials</i>, vol. 16, no. 17, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263">10.1002/cssc.202300263</a>.'
  mla: 'Türck, Julian, et al. “Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and
    Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of
    Solketal.” <i>  ChemSusChem : Chemistry &#38; Sustainability, Energy &#38; Materials</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 17, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300263</a>.'
  short: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, R. Türck, W. Ruck, J. Krahl,   ChemSusChem :
    Chemistry &#38; Sustainability, Energy &#38; Materials 16 (2023).'
  ufg: '<b>Türck, Julian u. a.</b>: Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role
    and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use
    of Solketal, in: <i>  ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability, energy &#38;
    materials</i> 16 (2023), H. 17.'
  van: 'Türck J, Schmitt F, Anthofer L, Türck R, Ruck W, Krahl J. Extension of Biodiesel
    Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of
    Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal.   ChemSusChem : chemistry &#38; sustainability,
    energy &#38; materials. 2023;16(17).'
date_created: 2025-04-22T13:38:51Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T07:47:02Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1002/cssc.202300263
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001025502300001'
  pmid:
  - '37220243'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: '1'
issue: '17'
keyword:
- biodiesel aging
- epoxide-dependent oligomerization
- solketal
- Prileschajew reaction
language:
- iso: eng
place: Weinheim
pmid: '1'
publication: '  ChemSusChem : chemistry & sustainability, energy & materials'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1864-564X
  issn:
  - 1864-5631
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate
  and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12836'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The complexity of biodiesel aging has shown that the mechanism needs further
    research. The rate of aging product formation and associated interactions can
    help improve fuel quality. Since biodiesel is a multicomponent system and constant
    changes occur in the chemical environment, which interactions yield which products
    must be shown in more detail. Particularly under observation was the correlation
    between peroxides and epoxides. In addition, it is critical that the influence
    and interactions of new drop-in fuel candidates be investigated. In this work,
    the kinetics of the formation of aging products of methyl oleate (C18:1) are studied.
    The aim was to reduce the complexity in order to be able to make more precise
    and detailed statements about the mechanism. Ketones, acids, peroxide, and epoxide
    values were recorded. A distinction is made between pure methyl oleate and mixtures
    with 3 wt% isopropylidene glycerine (solketal). After solketal decomposed in the
    blends, the aging process showed changes. The influence of solketal resulted in
    a higher number of acids and epoxides over time. It implied that peroxides are
    not necessarily the precursor of epoxides. In summary, correlation and solketal’s
    influence showed that a sequence of aging products could be detected.
article_number: '3253'
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schmitt, Fabian
  last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Anthofer, Lukas
  last_name: Anthofer
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
  last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Türck, Ralf
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
  last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: 'Türck J, Schmitt F, Anthofer L, et al. Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate
    and as a Blend with Solketal. <i>Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
    research, technology development and studies in policy and management</i>. 2023;16(7).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253">10.3390/en16073253</a>'
  apa: 'Türck, J., Schmitt, F., Anthofer, L., Lichtinger, A., Türck, R., Ruck, W.,
    &#38; Krahl, J. (2023). Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend
    with Solketal. <i>Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research,
    Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management</i>, <i>16</i>(7),
    Article 3253. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253">https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Türck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate
    and as a Blend with Solketal. <i>Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
    research, technology development and studies in policy and management</i> <b>16</b>.'
  chicago: 'Türck, Julian, Fabian Schmitt, Lukas Anthofer, Anne Lichtinger, Ralf Türck,
    Wolfgang Ruck, and Jürgen Krahl. “Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and
    as a Blend with Solketal.” <i>Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific
    Research, Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management</i> 16,
    no. 7 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253">https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Türck, Julian, Fabian Schmitt, Lukas Anthofer, Anne Lichtinger, Ralf
    Türck, Wolfgang Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2023. Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl
    Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal. <i>Energies : open-access journal of related
    scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management</i>
    16, Nr. 7. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253">10.3390/en16073253</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schmitt, Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Anthofer,
    Lukas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lichtinger, Anne</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Ralf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruck,
    Wolfgang</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl, Jürgen</span>:
    Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal. In: <i>Energies :
    open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and
    studies in policy and management</i> Bd. 16. Basel, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 7'
  havard: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, A. Lichtinger, R. Türck, W. Ruck, J.
    Krahl, Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal,
    Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research, Technology Development
    and Studies in Policy and Management. 16 (2023).'
  ieee: 'J. Türck <i>et al.</i>, “Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as
    a Blend with Solketal,” <i>Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
    research, technology development and studies in policy and management</i>, vol.
    16, no. 7, Art. no. 3253, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253">10.3390/en16073253</a>.'
  mla: 'Türck, Julian, et al. “Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend
    with Solketal.” <i>Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research,
    Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management</i>, vol. 16, no.
    7, 3253, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253">https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253</a>.'
  short: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, A. Lichtinger, R. Türck, W. Ruck, J.
    Krahl, Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research, Technology
    Development and Studies in Policy and Management 16 (2023).'
  ufg: '<b>Türck, Julian u. a.</b>: Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as
    a Blend with Solketal, in: <i>Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
    research, technology development and studies in policy and management</i> 16 (2023),
    H. 7.'
  van: 'Türck J, Schmitt F, Anthofer L, Lichtinger A, Türck R, Ruck W, et al. Oxidation
    Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal. Energies : open-access
    journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in
    policy and management. 2023;16(7).'
date_created: 2025-04-23T08:48:40Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T13:13:39Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.3390/en16073253
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000969447200001'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: '1'
issue: '7'
keyword:
- oxidation kinetics
- biodiesel aging
- methyl oleate
- solketal
- alcohol influence
- sequence of aging products
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: 'Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology
  development and studies in policy and management'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1996-1073
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12838'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The need for new bio based drop-in components for combustion engine fuels
    and the availability of sustainable glycerol from biodiesel production has focused
    attention on isopropylidene glycerol (solketal). The present study investigates
    the physical and chemical behavior of solketal in ternary blends with diesel fuel/biodiesel.
    Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) was used as renewable non-polar aliphatic diesel
    fuel substitute in biodiesel/ solketal blends. HVO can be considered a prototype
    for other non-polar fuel components such as paraffinic fuel streams from Fischer-Tropsch
    or BtL processes. Surface tension, permittivity and aging behavior were analyzed.
    Furthermore, the cetane number (CN) and the viscosity was determined. Permittivity
    reflects the polarity of blends and their components with its change being an
    indicator of loss of physical and chemical stability. The antioxidant triphenyl
    phosphorothioate (TPPT) was also tested in some blends. The biodiesel blends B20,
    B30 and B40 enables single phased diesel fuel or HVO with varied solketal content
    (2 and 10%) at a constant biodiesel amount. No effect of solketal on fuel aging
    was observed. However, HVO-containing blends tend to lower the thermo-chemical
    stability relative to diesel fuel.
article_number: '122463'
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Anja
  full_name: Singer, Anja
  last_name: Singer
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
  last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Mohammad
  full_name: Almaddad, Mohammad
  last_name: Almaddad
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Türck, Ralf
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Jakob, Markus
  last_name: Jakob
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Garbe, Thomas
  last_name: Garbe
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
  last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: 'Türck J, Singer A, Lichtinger A, et al. Solketal as a renewable fuel component
    in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical
    and chemical properties. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>.
    2021;310. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>'
  apa: 'Türck, J., Singer, A., Lichtinger, A., Almaddad, M., Türck, R., Jakob, M.,
    Garbe, T., Ruck, W., &#38; Krahl, J. (2021). Solketal as a renewable fuel component
    in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical
    and chemical properties. <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>,
    <i>310</i>, Article 122463. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Türck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Solketal as a Renewable Fuel Component
    in Ternary Blends with Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel or HVO and the Impact on Physical
    and Chemical Properties. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>
    <b>310</b>.'
  chicago: 'Türck, Julian, Anja Singer, Anne Lichtinger, Mohammad Almaddad, Ralf Türck,
    Markus Jakob, Thomas Garbe, Wolfgang Ruck, and Jürgen Krahl. “Solketal as a Renewable
    Fuel Component in Ternary Blends with Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel or HVO and the
    Impact on Physical and Chemical Properties.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology
    of Fuel and Energy</i> 310 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Türck, Julian, Anja Singer, Anne Lichtinger, Mohammad Almaddad, Ralf
    Türck, Markus Jakob, Thomas Garbe, Wolfgang Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2021. Solketal
    as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel
    or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties. <i>Fuel : the science
    and technology of fuel and energy</i> 310. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck,
    Julian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Singer, Anja</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lichtinger, Anne</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Almaddad,
    Mohammad</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Ralf</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jakob, Markus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garbe,
    Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruck, Wolfgang</span> ;
    u. a.</span>: Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel
    and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties. In:
    <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> Bd. 310. Amsterdam
    [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2021)'
  havard: 'J. Türck, A. Singer, A. Lichtinger, M. Almaddad, R. Türck, M. Jakob, T.
    Garbe, W. Ruck, J. Krahl, Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends
    with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical
    properties, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy. 310 (2021).'
  ieee: 'J. Türck <i>et al.</i>, “Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary
    blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical
    properties,” <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>, vol.
    310, Art. no. 122463, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>.'
  mla: 'Türck, Julian, et al. “Solketal as a Renewable Fuel Component in Ternary Blends
    with Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel or HVO and the Impact on Physical and Chemical
    Properties.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>, vol.
    310, 122463, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>.'
  short: 'J. Türck, A. Singer, A. Lichtinger, M. Almaddad, R. Türck, M. Jakob, T.
    Garbe, W. Ruck, J. Krahl, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy
    310 (2021).'
  ufg: '<b>Türck, Julian u. a.</b>: Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary
    blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical
    properties, in: <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 310
    (2021).'
  van: 'Türck J, Singer A, Lichtinger A, Almaddad M, Türck R, Jakob M, et al. Solketal
    as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel
    or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties. Fuel : the science
    and technology of fuel and energy. 2021;310.'
date_created: 2025-04-23T08:54:08Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:25:06Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000741390500002'
intvolume: '       310'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Solketal
- Biodiesel
- HVO
- Diesel fuel
- Miscibility
- Fuel aging
- Cetane Number
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and
  diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 310
year: '2021'
...