---
_id: '12971'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites,
    including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although
    the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude
    of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have
    been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination
    of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for
    comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily
    produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally
    characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development
    of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of
    micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured
    on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization
    was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes
    were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of
    Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate
    availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective
    species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth
    in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites
    should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future
    research.
article_number: '133'
author:
- first_name: Annika
  full_name: Jagels, Annika
  last_name: Jagels
- first_name: Viktoria
  full_name: Lindemann, Viktoria
  last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Gottschalk, Christoph
  last_name: Gottschalk
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Cramer, Benedikt
  last_name: Cramer
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Hübner, Florian
  last_name: Hübner
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Gareis, Manfred
  last_name: Gareis
- first_name: Hans-Ulrich
  full_name: Humpf, Hans-Ulrich
  last_name: Humpf
citation:
  ama: Jagels A, Lindemann V, Ulrich S, et al. Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles
    of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS. <i>Toxins</i>. 2019;11(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133">10.3390/toxins11030133</a>
  apa: Jagels, A., Lindemann, V., Ulrich, S., Gottschalk, C., Cramer, B., Hübner,
    F., Gareis, M., &#38; Humpf, H.-U. (2019). Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles
    of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS. <i>Toxins</i>, <i>11</i>(3), Article 133. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133">https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133</a>
  bjps: <b>Jagels A <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles
    of Stachybotrys Spp. by LC-MS/MS. <i>Toxins</i> <b>11</b>.
  chicago: Jagels, Annika, Viktoria Lindemann, Sebastian Ulrich, Christoph Gottschalk,
    Benedikt Cramer, Florian Hübner, Manfred Gareis, and Hans-Ulrich Humpf. “Exploring
    Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys Spp. by LC-MS/MS.” <i>Toxins</i>
    11, no. 3 (2019). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133">https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133</a>.
  chicago-de: Jagels, Annika, Viktoria Lindemann, Sebastian Ulrich, Christoph Gottschalk,
    Benedikt Cramer, Florian Hübner, Manfred Gareis und Hans-Ulrich Humpf. 2019. Exploring
    Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS. <i>Toxins</i>
    11, Nr. 3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133">10.3390/toxins11030133</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jagels, Annika</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lindemann, Viktoria</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gottschalk, Christoph</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cramer, Benedikt</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hübner,
    Florian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gareis, Manfred</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Humpf, Hans-Ulrich</span>: Exploring
    Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS. In: <i>Toxins</i>
    Bd. 11. Basel, MDPI (2019), Nr. 3'
  havard: A. Jagels, V. Lindemann, S. Ulrich, C. Gottschalk, B. Cramer, F. Hübner,
    M. Gareis, H.-U. Humpf, Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys
    spp. by LC-MS/MS, Toxins. 11 (2019).
  ieee: 'A. Jagels <i>et al.</i>, “Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys
    spp. by LC-MS/MS,” <i>Toxins</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, Art. no. 133, 2019, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133">10.3390/toxins11030133</a>.'
  mla: Jagels, Annika, et al. “Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys
    Spp. by LC-MS/MS.” <i>Toxins</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, 133, 2019, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133">https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030133</a>.
  short: A. Jagels, V. Lindemann, S. Ulrich, C. Gottschalk, B. Cramer, F. Hübner,
    M. Gareis, H.-U. Humpf, Toxins 11 (2019).
  ufg: '<b>Jagels, Annika u. a.</b>: Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys
    spp. by LC-MS/MS, in: <i>Toxins</i> 11 (2019), H. 3.'
  van: Jagels A, Lindemann V, Ulrich S, Gottschalk C, Cramer B, Hübner F, et al. Exploring
    Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS. Toxins. 2019;11(3).
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:23:36Z
date_updated: 2025-06-17T14:12:55Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/toxins11030133
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Stachybotrys spp.
- metabolite profiles
- LC-MS/MS
- satratoxins
- phenylspirodrimanes
- stachybotrychromenes
- biosynthetic production
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Toxins
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2072-6651
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '12977'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Stachybotrys (S.) spp. are omnipresent cellulolytic molds. Some species are
    highly toxic owing to their ability to synthesize various secondary metabolites
    such as macrocyclic trichothecenes or hemolysins. The reliable identification
    of Stachybotrys at species level is currently limited to genome-based identification.
    This study aimed to establish a fast and reliable MALDI-TOF MS identification
    method by optimizing the pre-analytical steps for protein extraction for subsequent
    generation of high-quality fingerprint mass spectra. Eight reference strains of
    the American Type Culture Collection and the Technical University of Denmark were
    cultivated in triplicate (biological repetitions) for 2 days in malt extract broth.
    The mycelia (1.5 ml) were first washed with 75 % ethanol and an additional washing
    step with dimethyl sulfoxide (10 %) was added to remove unspecific low weight
    masses. Furthermore, mycelia were broken with roughened glass beads in formic
    acid (70 %) and acetonitrile. The method was successfully applied to a total of
    45 isolates of Stachybotrys originating from three different habitats (indoor,
    feed, and food samples; n = 15 each): Twenty-seven isolates of S. chartarum and
    18 isolates of S. chlorohalonata could be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The data
    obtained exactly matched those obtained by genome-based identification. The mean
    score values for S. chartarum ranged from 2.509 to 2.739 and from 2.148 to 2.622
    for S. chlorohalonata with a very good reproducibility: the relative standard
    deviations were between 0.3 % and 6.8 %. Thus, MALDI-TOF MS proved to be a fast
    and reliable alternative to identification of Stachybotrys spp. by nucleotide
    amplification and sequencing.'
author:
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Biermaier, Barbara
  last_name: Biermaier
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Bader, Oliver
  last_name: Bader
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Wolf, Georg
  last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Didier, Andrea
  last_name: Didier
- first_name: Brigitte
  full_name: Sperner, Brigitte
  last_name: Sperner
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Schwaiger, Karin
  last_name: Schwaiger
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Gareis, Manfred
  last_name: Gareis
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Gottschalk, Christoph
  last_name: Gottschalk
citation:
  ama: 'Ulrich S, Biermaier B, Bader O, et al. Identification of Stachybotrys spp.
    by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry :
    a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>.
    2016;408(27):7565-7581. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>'
  apa: 'Ulrich, S., Biermaier, B., Bader, O., Wolf, G., Straubinger, R. K., Didier,
    A., Sperner, B., Schwaiger, K., Gareis, M., &#38; Gottschalk, C. (2016). Identification
    of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical
    Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and
    Quimica Analitica</i>, <i>408</i>(27), 7565–7581. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Ulrich S <i>et al.</i></b> (2016) Identification of Stachybotrys Spp.
    by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry :
    a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>
    <b>408</b>, 7565–7581.'
  chicago: 'Ulrich, Sebastian, Barbara Biermaier, Oliver Bader, Georg Wolf, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Andrea Didier, Brigitte Sperner, Karin Schwaiger, Manfred Gareis,
    and Christoph Gottschalk. “Identification of Stachybotrys Spp. by MALDI-TOF Mass
    Spectrometry.” <i>  Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’
    Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and Quimica Analitica</i> 408, no. 27
    (2016): 7565–81. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Ulrich, Sebastian, Barbara Biermaier, Oliver Bader, Georg Wolf, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Andrea Didier, Brigitte Sperner, Karin Schwaiger, Manfred Gareis
    und Christoph Gottschalk. 2016. Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF
    mass spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of
    Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>
    408, Nr. 27: 7565–7581. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Biermaier, Barbara</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bader, Oliver</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wolf,
    Georg</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Didier, Andrea</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sperner,
    Brigitte</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwaiger, Karin</span>
    ; u. a.</span>: Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
    In: <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal
    of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i> Bd. 408. Berlin ;
    Heidelberg, Springer (2016), Nr. 27, S. 7565–7581'
  havard: 'S. Ulrich, B. Biermaier, O. Bader, G. Wolf, R.K. Straubinger, A. Didier,
    B. Sperner, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, C. Gottschalk, Identification of Stachybotrys
    spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry,   Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical Chemistry :
    A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and Quimica Analitica.
    408 (2016) 7565–7581.'
  ieee: 'S. Ulrich <i>et al.</i>, “Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF
    mass spectrometry,” <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of
    Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>,
    vol. 408, no. 27, pp. 7565–7581, 2016, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>.'
  mla: 'Ulrich, Sebastian, et al. “Identification of Stachybotrys Spp. by MALDI-TOF
    Mass Spectrometry.” <i>  Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of
    Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and Quimica Analitica</i>,
    vol. 408, no. 27, 2016, pp. 7565–81, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>.'
  short: 'S. Ulrich, B. Biermaier, O. Bader, G. Wolf, R.K. Straubinger, A. Didier,
    B. Sperner, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, C. Gottschalk,   Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical
    Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and
    Quimica Analitica 408 (2016) 7565–7581.'
  ufg: '<b>Ulrich, Sebastian u. a.</b>: Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF
    mass spectrometry, in: <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger
    of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>
    408 (2016), H. 27,  S. 7565–7581.'
  van: 'Ulrich S, Biermaier B, Bader O, Wolf G, Straubinger RK, Didier A, et al. Identification
    of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.   Analytical &#38; bioanalytical
    chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and
    Quimica analitica. 2016;408(27):7565–81.'
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:32:52Z
date_updated: 2025-06-18T12:11:46Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       408'
issue: '27'
keyword:
- Stachybotrys spp
- MALDI-TOF MS
- Mass spectrometry
- Filamentous fungi
language:
- iso: eng
page: 7565-7581
place: Berlin ; Heidelberg
publication: '  Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius'' journal
  of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1618-2650
  issn:
  - 1618-2642
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 408
year: '2016'
...