---
_id: '12212'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Water quality and hypoxia in lakes and reservoirs are strongly associated
    with water renewal. Yet vertical water exchange is still not fully understood
    and challenging to evaluate in highly dynamic systems. Here, we applied a scaling
    approach using the vertical timescale, vertical water age (VWA), defined as time
    since a water parcel last touched the water surface. We established a 3D hydrodynamic-based
    age model to quantify the vertical water renewal in Xiangxi Bay, a tributary bay
    of the Three Gorges Dam. The integrated effects of hydrodynamic processes like
    stratification, intruding density currents from the mainstream, and upstream inflow
    on the vertical renewal were accounted for. Results indicated that the spatial–temporal
    distribution of VWA in Xiangxi Bay depended on stratification and forms of intruding
    density currents. Age was large in spring and summer, and small in autumn and
    winter, reaching a maximum of 25 days in April. The vertical water renewal was
    faster during bottom intrusions from the mainstream than during middle and surface
    intrusions. At times, the epilimnion contained old water due to circulations,
    and the hypolimnion contained young water due to upstream flushing. In contrast
    to natural lakes, the bottom water was often younger than overlying intermediate
    waters. This demonstrated that mixed layer depth was insufficient to fully capture
    the vertical exchange in riverine systems with significant surface/bottom intrusion.
    The findings suggested VWA as a quantitative measure of vertical water transport
    in highly dynamic systems and its usability for environmental water management.
article_number: '130701'
author:
- first_name: Bo
  full_name: Gai, Bo
  last_name: Gai
- first_name: Bertram
  full_name: Boehrer, Bertram
  last_name: Boehrer
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Sun, Jian
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Yuanyi
  full_name: Li, Yuanyi
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Binliang
  full_name: Lin, Binliang
  last_name: Lin
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
citation:
  ama: Gai B, Boehrer B, Sun J, Li Y, Lin B, Shatwell T. Vertical water age and water
    renewal in a large riverine reservoir. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>. 2024;631(3).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>
  apa: Gai, B., Boehrer, B., Sun, J., Li, Y., Lin, B., &#38; Shatwell, T. (2024).
    Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir. <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i>, <i>631</i>(3), Article 130701. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>
  bjps: <b>Gai B <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Vertical Water Age and Water Renewal in
    a Large Riverine Reservoir. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> <b>631</b>.
  chicago: Gai, Bo, Bertram Boehrer, Jian Sun, Yuanyi Li, Binliang Lin, and Tom Shatwell.
    “Vertical Water Age and Water Renewal in a Large Riverine Reservoir.” <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i> 631, no. 3 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>.
  chicago-de: Gai, Bo, Bertram Boehrer, Jian Sun, Yuanyi Li, Binliang Lin und Tom
    Shatwell. 2024. Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir.
    <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> 631, Nr. 3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gai, Bo</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Boehrer,
    Bertram</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sun, Jian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Li, Yuanyi</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lin,
    Binliang</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span>:
    Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir. In: <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i> Bd. 631. Amsterdam, Elsevier BV (2024), Nr. 3'
  havard: B. Gai, B. Boehrer, J. Sun, Y. Li, B. Lin, T. Shatwell, Vertical water age
    and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir, Journal of Hydrology. 631 (2024).
  ieee: 'B. Gai, B. Boehrer, J. Sun, Y. Li, B. Lin, and T. Shatwell, “Vertical water
    age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir,” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>,
    vol. 631, no. 3, Art. no. 130701, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>.'
  mla: Gai, Bo, et al. “Vertical Water Age and Water Renewal in a Large Riverine Reservoir.”
    <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>, vol. 631, no. 3, 130701, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>.
  short: B. Gai, B. Boehrer, J. Sun, Y. Li, B. Lin, T. Shatwell, Journal of Hydrology
    631 (2024).
  ufg: '<b>Gai, Bo u. a.</b>: Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine
    reservoir, in: <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> 631 (2024), H. 3.'
  van: Gai B, Boehrer B, Sun J, Li Y, Lin B, Shatwell T. Vertical water age and water
    renewal in a large riverine reservoir. Journal of Hydrology. 2024;631(3).
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:37:43Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T14:03:33Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       631'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Vertical water renewal
- Water age
- Thermal stratification
- Hypoxia
- 3D hydrodynamic-based age model
- Water environmental management
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam
publication: Journal of Hydrology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2707
  issn:
  - 0022-1694
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 631
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12215'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Water-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs, but its effect
    on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood. In this study we used
    a well-established water quality model to illustrate effects of water level dynamics
    on oxygen concentration in Rappbode Reservoir, Germany. We then systematically
    elucidated the potential of selective withdrawal to control hypoxia under changing
    water levels. Our results documented a gradual decrease of hypolimnetic oxygen
    concentration under decreasing water level, and hypoxia occurred when the initial
    level was lower than 410 m a.s.l (71 m relative to the reservoir bottom). We also
    suggested that changes of hypoxic region, under increasing hypolimnetic withdrawal
    discharge, followed a unimodal trajectory with the maximum hypoxic area projected
    under the discharge between 3 m3/sec and 4 m3/sec. Besides, our results illustrated
    the extent of hypoxia was most effectively inhibited if the withdrawal strategy
    was applied at the end of stratification with the outlet elevation at the deepest
    part of the reservoir. Moreover, hypoxia can be totally avoided under a hybrid
    elevation withdrawal strategy using surface withdrawal during early and mid stratification,
    and deep withdrawal at the end of stratification. We further confirmed the decisive
    role of thermal structure in the formation of hypoxia under water-level reduction
    and withdrawal strategies. We believe the conclusions from this study can be applied
    to many deep waters in the temperate zone, and the results should guide stakeholders
    to mitigate negative impacts of hypoxia on aquatic ecosystems.
author:
- first_name: Chenxi
  full_name: Mi, Chenxi
  last_name: Mi
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
citation:
  ama: Mi C, Rinke K, Shatwell T. Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate
    hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s largest drinking water reservoir.
    <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i>. 2024;146(12):127-139. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025">10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025</a>
  apa: Mi, C., Rinke, K., &#38; Shatwell, T. (2024). Optimizing selective withdrawal
    strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s largest
    drinking water reservoir. <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i>, <i>146</i>(12),
    127–139. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025</a>
  bjps: <b>Mi C, Rinke K and Shatwell T</b> (2024) Optimizing Selective Withdrawal
    Strategies to Mitigate Hypoxia under Water-Level Reduction in Germany’s Largest
    Drinking Water Reservoir. <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i> <b>146</b>,
    127–139.
  chicago: 'Mi, Chenxi, Karsten Rinke, and Tom Shatwell. “Optimizing Selective Withdrawal
    Strategies to Mitigate Hypoxia under Water-Level Reduction in Germany’s Largest
    Drinking Water Reservoir.” <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i> 146, no. 12
    (2024): 127–39. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Mi, Chenxi, Karsten Rinke und Tom Shatwell. 2024. Optimizing selective
    withdrawal strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s
    largest drinking water reservoir. <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i> 146,
    Nr. 12: 127–139. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025">10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mi, Chenxi</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rinke,
    Karsten</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span>:
    Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level
    reduction in Germany’s largest drinking water reservoir. In: <i>Journal of Environmental
    Sciences</i> Bd. 146. Amsterdam, Elsevier BV (2024), Nr. 12, S. 127–139'
  havard: C. Mi, K. Rinke, T. Shatwell, Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies
    to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s largest drinking
    water reservoir, Journal of Environmental Sciences. 146 (2024) 127–139.
  ieee: 'C. Mi, K. Rinke, and T. Shatwell, “Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies
    to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s largest drinking
    water reservoir,” <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i>, vol. 146, no. 12,
    pp. 127–139, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025">10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025</a>.'
  mla: Mi, Chenxi, et al. “Optimizing Selective Withdrawal Strategies to Mitigate
    Hypoxia under Water-Level Reduction in Germany’s Largest Drinking Water Reservoir.”
    <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i>, vol. 146, no. 12, 2024, pp. 127–39,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025</a>.
  short: C. Mi, K. Rinke, T. Shatwell, Journal of Environmental Sciences 146 (2024)
    127–139.
  ufg: '<b>Mi, Chenxi/Rinke, Karsten/Shatwell, Tom</b>: Optimizing selective withdrawal
    strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s largest
    drinking water reservoir, in: <i>Journal of Environmental Sciences</i> 146 (2024),
    H. 12,  S. 127–139.'
  van: Mi C, Rinke K, Shatwell T. Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate
    hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany’s largest drinking water reservoir.
    Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2024;146(12):127–39.
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:42:28Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T13:49:18Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025
intvolume: '       146'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- Hypoxia
- Water-level reduction
- Hypolimnetic water withdrawal
- Stratification phenology
- Water quality simulation
- Sediment oxygen demand
language:
- iso: eng
page: 127-139
place: Amsterdam
publication: Journal of Environmental Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1878-7320
  issn:
  - 1001-0742
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level
  reduction in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 146
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12225'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Lake Sevan is the largest freshwater body in the Caucasus region, situated
    at an altitude of 1,900 m asl. While it is a major water resource in the whole
    region, Lake Sevan has received little attention in international limnological
    literature. Although recent studies pointed to algal blooms and negative impacts
    of climate change and eutrophication, the physical controls on thermal dynamics
    have not been characterized and model-based assessments of climate change impacts
    are lacking. We compiled a decade of historical data for meteorological conditions
    and temperature dynamics in Lake Sevan and used a one-dimensional hydrodynamic
    model (GLM 3.1) in order to study thermal structure, the stratification phenology
    and their meteorological drivers in this large mountain lake. We then evaluated
    the representativeness of meteorological data products covering almost 4 decades
    (EWEMBI-dataset: 1979-2016) for driving the model and found that these data are
    well suited to restore long term thermal dynamics in Lake Sevan. This established
    model setting allowed us to identify major changes in Lake Sevan’s stratification
    in response to changing meteorological conditions as expected from ongoing climate
    change. Our results point to a changing mixing type from dimictic to monomictic
    as Lake Sevan will experience prolonged summer stratification periods and more
    stable stratification. These projected changes in stratification must be included
    in long-term management perspectives as they will intensify water quality deteriorations
    like surface algal blooms or deep water anoxia.'
author:
- first_name: Muhammed
  full_name: Shikhani, Muhammed
  id: '87725'
  last_name: Shikhani
- first_name: Chenxi
  full_name: Mi, Chenxi
  last_name: Mi
- first_name: Artur
  full_name: Gevorgyan, Artur
  last_name: Gevorgyan
- first_name: Gor
  full_name: Gevorgyan, Gor
  last_name: Gevorgyan
- first_name: Amalya
  full_name: Misakyan, Amalya
  last_name: Misakyan
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Azizyan, Levon
  last_name: Azizyan
- first_name: Klemens
  full_name: Barfus, Klemens
  last_name: Barfus
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Schulze, Martin
  last_name: Schulze
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
citation:
  ama: 'Shikhani M, Mi C, Gevorgyan A, et al. Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest
    lake in the Caucasus region: The mountain Lake Sevan. <i>Journal of Limnology</i>.
    2021;81(s1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024">10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024</a>'
  apa: 'Shikhani, M., Mi, C., Gevorgyan, A., Gevorgyan, G., Misakyan, A., Azizyan,
    L., Barfus, K., Schulze, M., Shatwell, T., &#38; Rinke, K. (2021). Simulating
    thermal dynamics of the largest lake in the Caucasus region: The mountain Lake
    Sevan. <i>Journal of Limnology</i>, <i>81</i>(s1). <a href="https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024">https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Shikhani M <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Simulating Thermal Dynamics of the
    Largest Lake in the Caucasus Region: The Mountain Lake Sevan. <i>Journal of Limnology</i>
    <b>81</b>.'
  chicago: 'Shikhani, Muhammed, Chenxi Mi, Artur Gevorgyan, Gor Gevorgyan, Amalya
    Misakyan, Levon Azizyan, Klemens Barfus, Martin Schulze, Tom Shatwell, and Karsten
    Rinke. “Simulating Thermal Dynamics of the Largest Lake in the Caucasus Region:
    The Mountain Lake Sevan.” <i>Journal of Limnology</i> 81, no. s1 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024">https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Shikhani, Muhammed, Chenxi Mi, Artur Gevorgyan, Gor Gevorgyan, Amalya
    Misakyan, Levon Azizyan, Klemens Barfus, Martin Schulze, Tom Shatwell und Karsten
    Rinke. 2021. Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest lake in the Caucasus region:
    The mountain Lake Sevan. <i>Journal of Limnology</i> 81, Nr. s1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024">10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shikhani,
    Muhammed</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mi, Chenxi</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gevorgyan, Artur</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gevorgyan,
    Gor</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Misakyan, Amalya</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Azizyan, Levon</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Barfus,
    Klemens</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schulze, Martin</span>
    ; u. a.</span>: Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest lake in the Caucasus
    region: The mountain Lake Sevan. In: <i>Journal of Limnology</i> Bd. 81. Verbania
    , Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (Verbania)  (2021), Nr. s1'
  havard: 'M. Shikhani, C. Mi, A. Gevorgyan, G. Gevorgyan, A. Misakyan, L. Azizyan,
    K. Barfus, M. Schulze, T. Shatwell, K. Rinke, Simulating thermal dynamics of the
    largest lake in the Caucasus region: The mountain Lake Sevan, Journal of Limnology.
    81 (2021).'
  ieee: 'M. Shikhani <i>et al.</i>, “Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest lake
    in the Caucasus region: The mountain Lake Sevan,” <i>Journal of Limnology</i>,
    vol. 81, no. s1, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024">10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024</a>.'
  mla: 'Shikhani, Muhammed, et al. “Simulating Thermal Dynamics of the Largest Lake
    in the Caucasus Region: The Mountain Lake Sevan.” <i>Journal of Limnology</i>,
    vol. 81, no. s1, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024">https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024</a>.'
  short: M. Shikhani, C. Mi, A. Gevorgyan, G. Gevorgyan, A. Misakyan, L. Azizyan,
    K. Barfus, M. Schulze, T. Shatwell, K. Rinke, Journal of Limnology 81 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Shikhani, Muhammed u. a.</b>: Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest
    lake in the Caucasus region: The mountain Lake Sevan, in: <i>Journal of Limnology</i>
    81 (2021), H. s1.'
  van: 'Shikhani M, Mi C, Gevorgyan A, Gevorgyan G, Misakyan A, Azizyan L, et al.
    Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest lake in the Caucasus region: The mountain
    Lake Sevan. Journal of Limnology. 2021;81(s1).'
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:55:10Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T13:04:19Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2024
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        81'
issue: s1
keyword:
- General Lake Model (GLM)
- Lake Sevan
- temperature stratification
- EWEMBI
- climate warming
language:
- iso: eng
place: 'Verbania '
publication: Journal of Limnology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1723-8633
  issn:
  - 1129-5767
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (Verbania) '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Simulating thermal dynamics of the largest lake in the Caucasus region: The
  mountain Lake Sevan'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 81
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '12239'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The modelling community has identified challenges for the integration and
    assessment of lake models due to the diversity of modelling approaches and lakes.
    In this study, we develop and assess a one-dimensional lake model and apply it
    to 32 lakes from a global observatory network. The data set included lakes over
    broad ranges in latitude, climatic zones, size, residence time, mixing regime
    and trophic level. Model performance was evaluated using several error assessment
    metrics, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted for nine parameters that governed
    the surface heat exchange and mixing efficiency. There was low correlation between
    input data uncertainty and model performance and predictions of temperature were
    less sensitive to model parameters than prediction of thermocline depth and Schmidt
    stability. The study provides guidance to where the general model approach and
    associated assumptions work, and cases where adjustments to model parameterisations
    and/or structure are required.
author:
- first_name: Louise C.
  full_name: Bruce, Louise C.
  last_name: Bruce
- first_name: Marieke A.
  full_name: Frassl, Marieke A.
  last_name: Frassl
- first_name: George B.
  full_name: Arhonditsis, George B.
  last_name: Arhonditsis
- first_name: Gideon
  full_name: Gal, Gideon
  last_name: Gal
- first_name: David P.
  full_name: Hamilton, David P.
  last_name: Hamilton
- first_name: Paul C.
  full_name: Hanson, Paul C.
  last_name: Hanson
- first_name: Amy L.
  full_name: Hetherington, Amy L.
  last_name: Hetherington
- first_name: John M.
  full_name: Melack, John M.
  last_name: Melack
- first_name: Jordan S.
  full_name: Read, Jordan S.
  last_name: Read
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Rigosi, Anna
  last_name: Rigosi
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Trolle, Dennis
  last_name: Trolle
- first_name: Luke
  full_name: Winslow, Luke
  last_name: Winslow
- first_name: Rita
  full_name: Adrian, Rita
  last_name: Adrian
- first_name: Ana I.
  full_name: Ayala, Ana I.
  last_name: Ayala
- first_name: Serghei A.
  full_name: Bocaniov, Serghei A.
  last_name: Bocaniov
- first_name: Bertram
  full_name: Boehrer, Bertram
  last_name: Boehrer
- first_name: Casper
  full_name: Boon, Casper
  last_name: Boon
- first_name: Justin D.
  full_name: Brookes, Justin D.
  last_name: Brookes
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Bueche, Thomas
  last_name: Bueche
- first_name: Brendan D.
  full_name: Busch, Brendan D.
  last_name: Busch
- first_name: Diego
  full_name: Copetti, Diego
  last_name: Copetti
- first_name: Alicia
  full_name: Cortés, Alicia
  last_name: Cortés
- first_name: Elvira
  full_name: de Eyto, Elvira
  last_name: de Eyto
- first_name: J. Alex
  full_name: Elliott, J. Alex
  last_name: Elliott
- first_name: Nicole
  full_name: Gallina, Nicole
  last_name: Gallina
- first_name: Yael
  full_name: Gilboa, Yael
  last_name: Gilboa
- first_name: Nicolas
  full_name: Guyennon, Nicolas
  last_name: Guyennon
- first_name: Lei
  full_name: Huang, Lei
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Onur
  full_name: Kerimoglu, Onur
  last_name: Kerimoglu
- first_name: John D.
  full_name: Lenters, John D.
  last_name: Lenters
- first_name: Sally
  full_name: MacIntyre, Sally
  last_name: MacIntyre
- first_name: Vardit
  full_name: Makler-Pick, Vardit
  last_name: Makler-Pick
- first_name: Chris G.
  full_name: McBride, Chris G.
  last_name: McBride
- first_name: Santiago
  full_name: Moreira, Santiago
  last_name: Moreira
- first_name: Deniz
  full_name: Özkundakci, Deniz
  last_name: Özkundakci
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Pilotti, Marco
  last_name: Pilotti
- first_name: Francisco J.
  full_name: Rueda, Francisco J.
  last_name: Rueda
- first_name: James A.
  full_name: Rusak, James A.
  last_name: Rusak
- first_name: Nihar R.
  full_name: Samal, Nihar R.
  last_name: Samal
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Schmid, Martin
  last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Craig
  full_name: Snorthheim, Craig
  last_name: Snorthheim
- first_name: Frédéric
  full_name: Soulignac, Frédéric
  last_name: Soulignac
- first_name: Giulia
  full_name: Valerio, Giulia
  last_name: Valerio
- first_name: Leon
  full_name: van der Linden, Leon
  last_name: van der Linden
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Vetter, Mark
  last_name: Vetter
- first_name: Brigitte
  full_name: Vinçon-Leite, Brigitte
  last_name: Vinçon-Leite
- first_name: Junbo
  full_name: Wang, Junbo
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Weber, Michael
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Chaturangi
  full_name: Wickramaratne, Chaturangi
  last_name: Wickramaratne
- first_name: R. Iestyn
  full_name: Woolway, R. Iestyn
  last_name: Woolway
- first_name: Huaxia
  full_name: Yao, Huaxia
  last_name: Yao
- first_name: Matthew R.
  full_name: Hipsey, Matthew R.
  last_name: Hipsey
citation:
  ama: 'Bruce LC, Frassl MA, Arhonditsis GB, et al. A multi-lake comparative analysis
    of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network.
    <i>Environmental modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i>. 2018;102(4):274-291.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>'
  apa: 'Bruce, L. C., Frassl, M. A., Arhonditsis, G. B., Gal, G., Hamilton, D. P.,
    Hanson, P. C., Hetherington, A. L., Melack, J. M., Read, J. S., Rinke, K., Rigosi,
    A., Trolle, D., Winslow, L., Adrian, R., Ayala, A. I., Bocaniov, S. A., Boehrer,
    B., Boon, C., Brookes, J. D., … Hipsey, M. R. (2018). A multi-lake comparative
    analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory
    network. <i>Environmental Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News
    </i>, <i>102</i>(4), 274–291. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Bruce LC <i>et al.</i></b> (2018) A Multi-Lake Comparative Analysis of
    the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-Testing across a Global Observatory Network.
    <i>Environmental modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i> <b>102</b>,
    274–291.'
  chicago: 'Bruce, Louise C., Marieke A. Frassl, George B. Arhonditsis, Gideon Gal,
    David P. Hamilton, Paul C. Hanson, Amy L. Hetherington, et al. “A Multi-Lake Comparative
    Analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-Testing across a Global Observatory
    Network.” <i>Environmental Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News
    </i> 102, no. 4 (2018): 274–91. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Bruce, Louise C., Marieke A. Frassl, George B. Arhonditsis, Gideon
    Gal, David P. Hamilton, Paul C. Hanson, Amy L. Hetherington, u. a. 2018. A multi-lake
    comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a
    global observatory network. <i>Environmental modelling &#38; software with environment
    data news </i> 102, Nr. 4: 274–291. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bruce,
    Louise C.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Frassl, Marieke A.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Arhonditsis, George B.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gal, Gideon</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hamilton,
    David P.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hanson, Paul C.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hetherington, Amy L.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Melack,
    John M.</span> ; u. a.</span>: A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network. In: <i>Environmental
    modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i> Bd. 102. Oxford, Elsevier
    Science (2018), Nr. 4, S. 274–291'
  havard: 'L.C. Bruce, M.A. Frassl, G.B. Arhonditsis, G. Gal, D.P. Hamilton, P.C.
    Hanson, A.L. Hetherington, J.M. Melack, J.S. Read, K. Rinke, A. Rigosi, D. Trolle,
    L. Winslow, R. Adrian, A.I. Ayala, S.A. Bocaniov, B. Boehrer, C. Boon, J.D. Brookes,
    T. Bueche, B.D. Busch, D. Copetti, A. Cortés, E. de Eyto, J.A. Elliott, N. Gallina,
    Y. Gilboa, N. Guyennon, L. Huang, O. Kerimoglu, J.D. Lenters, S. MacIntyre, V.
    Makler-Pick, C.G. McBride, S. Moreira, D. Özkundakci, M. Pilotti, F.J. Rueda,
    J.A. Rusak, N.R. Samal, M. Schmid, T. Shatwell, C. Snorthheim, F. Soulignac, G.
    Valerio, L. van der Linden, M. Vetter, B. Vinçon-Leite, J. Wang, M. Weber, C.
    Wickramaratne, R.I. Woolway, H. Yao, M.R. Hipsey, A multi-lake comparative analysis
    of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network,
    Environmental Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News . 102 (2018)
    274–291.'
  ieee: 'L. C. Bruce <i>et al.</i>, “A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network,” <i>Environmental
    modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i>, vol. 102, no. 4, pp.
    274–291, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>.'
  mla: 'Bruce, Louise C., et al. “A Multi-Lake Comparative Analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-Testing across a Global Observatory Network.” <i>Environmental
    Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News </i>, vol. 102, no. 4, 2018,
    pp. 274–91, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>.'
  short: L.C. Bruce, M.A. Frassl, G.B. Arhonditsis, G. Gal, D.P. Hamilton, P.C. Hanson,
    A.L. Hetherington, J.M. Melack, J.S. Read, K. Rinke, A. Rigosi, D. Trolle, L.
    Winslow, R. Adrian, A.I. Ayala, S.A. Bocaniov, B. Boehrer, C. Boon, J.D. Brookes,
    T. Bueche, B.D. Busch, D. Copetti, A. Cortés, E. de Eyto, J.A. Elliott, N. Gallina,
    Y. Gilboa, N. Guyennon, L. Huang, O. Kerimoglu, J.D. Lenters, S. MacIntyre, V.
    Makler-Pick, C.G. McBride, S. Moreira, D. Özkundakci, M. Pilotti, F.J. Rueda,
    J.A. Rusak, N.R. Samal, M. Schmid, T. Shatwell, C. Snorthheim, F. Soulignac, G.
    Valerio, L. van der Linden, M. Vetter, B. Vinçon-Leite, J. Wang, M. Weber, C.
    Wickramaratne, R.I. Woolway, H. Yao, M.R. Hipsey, Environmental Modelling &#38;
    Software with Environment Data News  102 (2018) 274–291.
  ufg: '<b>Bruce, Louise C. u. a.</b>: A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network, in: <i>Environmental
    modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i> 102 (2018), H. 4,  S.
    274–291.'
  van: 'Bruce LC, Frassl MA, Arhonditsis GB, Gal G, Hamilton DP, Hanson PC, et al.
    A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing
    across a global observatory network. Environmental modelling &#38; software with
    environment data news . 2018;102(4):274–91.'
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:32:07Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T10:13:47Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       102'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Lake model
- Stratification
- GLM
- Model assessment
- Global observatory data
- Network science
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016
page: 274-291
place: Oxford
publication: 'Environmental modelling & software with environment data news '
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-6726
  issn:
  - 1364-8152
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier Science
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing
  across a global observatory network'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 102
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '12242'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Hutchinson and Löffler''s (1956) classification of lakes based on the seasonal
    thermal mixing regime has become a cornerstone of any analysis of lakes as elements
    of the earth surface. Until now however the lake classification has lacked a physically
    sound quantitative criterion distinguishing between two fundamental lake types:
    thermally stratified during a large portion of the year (mono- and dimictic) and
    predominantly mixed to the bottom (polymictic). Using the mechanistic balance
    between potential and kinetic energy we review the different formulations of the
    Richardson number to derive a generalized scaling for seasonal stratification
    in a closed lake basin. The scaling parameter is the critical mean basin depth,
    Hcrit, that delineates lakes that mix regularly from those that stratify seasonally
    based on lake water transparency, lake length, and an annual mean estimate for
    the Monin-Obukhov length. We validate the scaling on available data of lakes worldwide
    using logistic regression. The scaling criterion consistently described the mixing
    regime significantly better than either the conventional unbounded basin scaling
    or a simple depth threshold. Thus, the generalized scaling is universal for freshwater
    lakes and allows the seasonal mixing regime to be estimated without numerically
    solving the heat transport equations.'
author:
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Kirillin, G.
  last_name: Kirillin
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
citation:
  ama: Kirillin G, Shatwell T. Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>. 2016;161:179-190. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>
  apa: Kirillin, G., &#38; Shatwell, T. (2016). Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal
    stratification in lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, <i>161</i>, 179–190. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>
  bjps: <b>Kirillin G and Shatwell T</b> (2016) Generalized Scaling of Seasonal Thermal
    Stratification in Lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> <b>161</b>, 179–190.
  chicago: 'Kirillin, G., and Tom Shatwell. “Generalized Scaling of Seasonal Thermal
    Stratification in Lakes.” <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 161 (2016): 179–90. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Kirillin, G. und Tom Shatwell. 2016. Generalized scaling of seasonal
    thermal stratification in lakes. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 161: 179–190. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kirillin, G.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span>: Generalized scaling of
    seasonal thermal stratification in lakes. In: <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> Bd.
    161, Elsevier BV (2016), S. 179–190'
  havard: G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes, Earth-Science Reviews. 161 (2016) 179–190.
  ieee: 'G. Kirillin and T. Shatwell, “Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes,” <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, vol. 161, pp. 179–190, 2016, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>.'
  mla: Kirillin, G., and Tom Shatwell. “Generalized Scaling of Seasonal Thermal Stratification
    in Lakes.” <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, vol. 161, 2016, pp. 179–90, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008</a>.
  short: G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, Earth-Science Reviews 161 (2016) 179–190.
  ufg: '<b>Kirillin, G./Shatwell, Tom</b>: Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal
    stratification in lakes, in: <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 161 (2016),  S. 179–190.'
  van: Kirillin G, Shatwell T. Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification
    in lakes. Earth-Science Reviews. 2016;161:179–90.
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:35:50Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T10:04:30Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       161'
keyword:
- Richardson number
- Lake classification
- Seasonal stratification
- Dimixis
- Polymixis
- Water transparency
- Lake databases
- Lake modeling
- Secchi depth
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.008
page: 179-190
publication: Earth-Science Reviews
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0012-8252
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification in lakes
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 161
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '12249'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We investigated the combined effects of thermal pollution from a nuclear power
    plant (NPP) and regional climate warming on the thermal regime of a lake. For
    this purpose, we used the lake model FLake and analyzed 50 years of temperature
    data from Lake Stechlin, Germany, which served as the cooling water reservoir
    for the Rheinsberg NPP from 1966 until 1990. Both modeling and statistical data
    analysis revealed a strong influence of the NPP cooling water discharge on the
    lake water temperatures and the vertical stability of the water column. A remarkable
    effect of thermal pollution consisted of strong vertical mixing in winter produced
    by the discharge of warm water into the lake when ambient water temperatures were
    below 4 °C. This effect caused a significant increase in the deep hypolimnion
    temperatures and a corresponding decrease of the vertical stability in the summer.
    In turn, climate warming had the opposite effect on the summer stability by increasing
    lake surface temperatures. Both the thermal pollution and climate change increased
    the duration of the summer stratification period. Our results suggest that industrial
    thermal pollution in temperate lakes during winter is stored in the deep water
    column until the next winter, whereas heat added in the summer dissipates relatively
    rapidly into the atmosphere. Accordingly, the winter thermal pollution could have
    a long-lasting effect on the lake ecology by affecting benthic biogeochemical
    processes.
author:
- first_name: Georgiy
  full_name: Kirillin, Georgiy
  last_name: Kirillin
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Kasprzak, Peter
  last_name: Kasprzak
citation:
  ama: Kirillin G, Shatwell T, Kasprzak P. Consequences of thermal pollution from
    a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>.
    2013;496(7):47-56. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023</a>
  apa: Kirillin, G., Shatwell, T., &#38; Kasprzak, P. (2013). Consequences of thermal
    pollution from a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime. <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i>, <i>496</i>(7), 47–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023</a>
  bjps: <b>Kirillin G, Shatwell T and Kasprzak P</b> (2013) Consequences of Thermal
    Pollution from a Nuclear Plant on Lake Temperature and Mixing Regime. <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i> <b>496</b>, 47–56.
  chicago: 'Kirillin, Georgiy, Tom Shatwell, and Peter Kasprzak. “Consequences of
    Thermal Pollution from a Nuclear Plant on Lake Temperature and Mixing Regime.”
    <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> 496, no. 7 (2013): 47–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Kirillin, Georgiy, Tom Shatwell und Peter Kasprzak. 2013. Consequences
    of thermal pollution from a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime.
    <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> 496, Nr. 7: 47–56. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kirillin, Georgiy</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kasprzak,
    Peter</span>: Consequences of thermal pollution from a nuclear plant on lake temperature
    and mixing regime. In: <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> Bd. 496. Amsterdam, Elsevier
    BV (2013), Nr. 7, S. 47–56'
  havard: G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, P. Kasprzak, Consequences of thermal pollution
    from a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime, Journal of Hydrology.
    496 (2013) 47–56.
  ieee: 'G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, and P. Kasprzak, “Consequences of thermal pollution
    from a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime,” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>,
    vol. 496, no. 7, pp. 47–56, 2013, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023</a>.'
  mla: Kirillin, Georgiy, et al. “Consequences of Thermal Pollution from a Nuclear
    Plant on Lake Temperature and Mixing Regime.” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>, vol.
    496, no. 7, 2013, pp. 47–56, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023</a>.
  short: G. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, P. Kasprzak, Journal of Hydrology 496 (2013) 47–56.
  ufg: '<b>Kirillin, Georgiy/Shatwell, Tom/Kasprzak, Peter</b>: Consequences of thermal
    pollution from a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime, in: <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i> 496 (2013), H. 7,  S. 47–56.'
  van: Kirillin G, Shatwell T, Kasprzak P. Consequences of thermal pollution from
    a nuclear plant on lake temperature and mixing regime. Journal of Hydrology. 2013;496(7):47–56.
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:44:14Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T09:02:37Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       496'
issue: '7'
keyword:
- Industrial thermal pollution
- Global warming
- Lake stratification
- FLake model
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.023
page: 47-56
place: Amsterdam
publication: Journal of Hydrology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2707
  issn:
  - 0022-1694
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Consequences of thermal pollution from a nuclear plant on lake temperature
  and mixing regime
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 496
year: '2013'
...
