---
_id: '13338'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This work discusses the additive manufacturing of an axicon lens using cyclic
    olefin copolymer (TOPAS), and its characterization between 100 GHz and 300 GHz.
    The proposed manufacturing process followed by dip-coating post-processing provides
    an improved surface finish. Additionally, the terahertz output of the lens remains
    intact over the entire frequency range.
author:
- first_name: Abhijeet Narendra
  full_name: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
  id: '74090'
  last_name: Shrotri
  orcid: 0000-0003-2116-156X
- first_name: Suraj
  full_name: Joshi, Suraj
  last_name: Joshi
- first_name: Lea
  full_name: Vogel, Lea
  id: '77129'
  last_name: Vogel
- first_name: Annamarija
  full_name: Starsaja, Annamarija
  last_name: Starsaja
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Stübbe, Oliver
  id: '51864'
  last_name: Stübbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-7293-6893
- first_name: Sascha
  full_name: Preu, Sascha
  last_name: Preu
citation:
  ama: Shrotri AN, Joshi S, Vogel L, Starsaja A, Stübbe O, Preu S. <i>Terahertz Axicon
    Lenses</i>. IEEE; 2026:2. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870">10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870</a>
  apa: Shrotri, A. N., Joshi, S., Vogel, L., Starsaja, A., Stübbe, O., &#38; Preu,
    S. (2026). Terahertz Axicon Lenses. In <i>2025 50th International Conference on
    Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i> (p. 2). IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870</a>
  bjps: '<b>Shrotri AN <i>et al.</i></b> (2026) <i>Terahertz Axicon Lenses</i>. Piscataway,
    NJ: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Suraj Joshi, Lea Vogel, Annamarija Starsaja,
    Oliver Stübbe, and Sascha Preu. <i>Terahertz Axicon Lenses</i>. <i>2025 50th International
    Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>. Piscataway,
    NJ: IEEE, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Suraj Joshi, Lea Vogel, Annamarija Starsaja,
    Oliver Stübbe und Sascha Preu. 2026. <i>Terahertz Axicon Lenses</i>. <i>2025 50th
    International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>.
    Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870">10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Joshi, Suraj</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Vogel,
    Lea</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Starsaja, Annamarija</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stübbe, Oliver</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Preu,
    Sascha</span>: <i>Terahertz Axicon Lenses</i>. Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2026'
  havard: A.N. Shrotri, S. Joshi, L. Vogel, A. Starsaja, O. Stübbe, S. Preu, Terahertz
    Axicon Lenses, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2026.
  ieee: 'A. N. Shrotri, S. Joshi, L. Vogel, A. Starsaja, O. Stübbe, and S. Preu, <i>Terahertz
    Axicon Lenses</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2026, p. 2. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870">10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870</a>.'
  mla: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, et al. “Terahertz Axicon Lenses.” <i>2025 50th
    International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>,
    IEEE, 2026, p. 2, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870</a>.
  short: A.N. Shrotri, S. Joshi, L. Vogel, A. Starsaja, O. Stübbe, S. Preu, Terahertz
    Axicon Lenses, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2026.
  ufg: '<b>Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra u. a.</b>: Terahertz Axicon Lenses, Piscataway,
    NJ 2026.'
  van: 'Shrotri AN, Joshi S, Vogel L, Starsaja A, Stübbe O, Preu S. Terahertz Axicon
    Lenses. 2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
    Waves (IRMMW-THz). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2026.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-08-22
  location: ' Helsinki, Finland '
  name: 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
    (IRMMW-THz)
  start_date: 2025-08-17
date_created: 2026-01-16T14:48:22Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T12:42:43Z
department:
- _id: DEP5020
- _id: DEP6020
doi: 10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870
keyword:
- Manufacturing processes
- Surface waves
- Three-dimensional printing
- Surface finishing
- Surface treatment
- Lenses
language:
- iso: eng
page: '2'
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
  Waves (IRMMW-THz)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Terahertz Axicon Lenses
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '13339'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Additive manufacturing (AM) paves the way for low-cost production of optical
    and terahertz (THz) components such as waveguides, fibers, and lenses [1]–[3].
    This work addresses the fabrication and THz characterization of a 3D-printed waveguide
    composed of cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS). Such a waveguide is a convenient
    and inexpensive tool in the development of THz interconnects, and in applications
    such as biomedical sensing.
author:
- first_name: Suraj
  full_name: Joshi, Suraj
  last_name: Joshi
- first_name: Annamarija
  full_name: Starsaja, Annamarija
  last_name: Starsaja
- first_name: Abhijeet Narendra
  full_name: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
  id: '74090'
  last_name: Shrotri
  orcid: 0000-0003-2116-156X
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Stübbe, Oliver
  id: '51864'
  last_name: Stübbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-7293-6893
- first_name: Sascha
  full_name: Preu, Sascha
  last_name: Preu
citation:
  ama: Joshi S, Starsaja A, Shrotri AN, Stübbe O, Preu S. <i>Additively-Manufactured
    Terahertz Waveguides</i>. IEEE; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095">10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095</a>
  apa: Joshi, S., Starsaja, A., Shrotri, A. N., Stübbe, O., &#38; Preu, S. (2026).
    Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides. In <i>2025 50th International Conference
    on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>. 50th International
    Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Helsinki,
    Finland . IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095</a>
  bjps: '<b>Joshi S <i>et al.</i></b> (2026) <i>Additively-Manufactured Terahertz
    Waveguides</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Joshi, Suraj, Annamarija Starsaja, Abhijeet Narendra Shrotri, Oliver Stübbe,
    and Sascha Preu. <i>Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides</i>. <i>2025
    50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>.
    Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Joshi, Suraj, Annamarija Starsaja, Abhijeet Narendra Shrotri, Oliver
    Stübbe und Sascha Preu. 2026. <i>Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides</i>.
    <i>2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
    (IRMMW-THz)</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095">10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Joshi, Suraj</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Starsaja, Annamarija</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shrotri,
    Abhijeet Narendra</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stübbe, Oliver</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Preu, Sascha</span>: <i>Additively-Manufactured
    Terahertz Waveguides</i>. Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2026'
  havard: S. Joshi, A. Starsaja, A.N. Shrotri, O. Stübbe, S. Preu, Additively-Manufactured
    Terahertz Waveguides, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2026.
  ieee: 'S. Joshi, A. Starsaja, A. N. Shrotri, O. Stübbe, and S. Preu, <i>Additively-Manufactured
    Terahertz Waveguides</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2026. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095">10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095</a>.'
  mla: Joshi, Suraj, et al. “Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides.” <i>2025
    50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>,
    IEEE, 2026, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095</a>.
  short: S. Joshi, A. Starsaja, A.N. Shrotri, O. Stübbe, S. Preu, Additively-Manufactured
    Terahertz Waveguides, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2026.
  ufg: '<b>Joshi, Suraj u. a.</b>: Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides, Piscataway,
    NJ 2026.'
  van: 'Joshi S, Starsaja A, Shrotri AN, Stübbe O, Preu S. Additively-Manufactured
    Terahertz Waveguides. 2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter,
    and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2026.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-08-22
  location: 'Helsinki, Finland '
  name: 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
    (IRMMW-THz)
  start_date: 2025-08-17
date_created: 2026-01-16T14:49:35Z
date_updated: 2026-01-21T07:34:28Z
department:
- _id: DEP5020
- _id: DEP6020
doi: 10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095
keyword:
- Optical fibers
- Optical fiber sensors
- Optical interconnections
- Biomedical optical imaging
- Optical device fabrication
- Production
- Optical waveguide components
- Three-dimensional printing
- Optical waveguides
- Lenses
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
  Waves (IRMMW-THz)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '11977'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Additive manufacturing of lenses offers quick prototyping and characterization.
    This paper explains the additive manufacturing and characterization of axicon
    lenses using TOPAS material for Terahertz sensing applications. The beam patterns
    of additively manufactured axicon lens prototypes are characterized around 0.3
    THz with silicon-based THz-camera to evaluate the depth of focus.
author:
- first_name: Abhijeet Narendra
  full_name: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
  id: '74090'
  last_name: Shrotri
  orcid: 0000-0003-2116-156X
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Krause, Benedikt
  last_name: Krause
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Stübbe, Oliver
  id: '51864'
  last_name: Stübbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-7293-6893
- first_name: Ullrich
  full_name: Pfeiffer, Ullrich
  last_name: Pfeiffer
- first_name: Sascha
  full_name: Preu, Sascha
  last_name: Preu
citation:
  ama: Shrotri AN, Krause B, Stübbe O, Pfeiffer U, Preu S. <i>Evaluation of Additively
    Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera</i>. Vol 2024. IEEE; 2024. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740">10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740</a>
  apa: Shrotri, A. N., Krause, B., Stübbe, O., Pfeiffer, U., &#38; Preu, S. (2024).
    Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera. In <i>2024
    49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>
    (Vol. 2024). IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740</a>
  bjps: '<b>Shrotri AN <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) <i>Evaluation of Additively Manufactured
    Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Benedikt Krause, Oliver Stübbe, Ullrich Pfeiffer,
    and Sascha Preu. <i>Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using
    a THz-Camera</i>. <i>2024 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter,
    and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>. Vol. 2024. International Conference on Infrared,
    Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Benedikt Krause, Oliver Stübbe, Ullrich
    Pfeiffer und Sascha Preu. 2024. <i>Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Axicon
    Lenses Using a THz-Camera</i>. <i>2024 49th International Conference on Infrared,
    Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>. Bd. 2024. International Conference
    on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740">10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krause, Benedikt</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stübbe,
    Oliver</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pfeiffer, Ullrich</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Preu, Sascha</span>: <i>Evaluation of
    Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera</i>, <i>International
    Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</i>. Bd. 2024. Piscataway,
    NJ : IEEE, 2024'
  havard: A.N. Shrotri, B. Krause, O. Stübbe, U. Pfeiffer, S. Preu, Evaluation of
    Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ,
    2024.
  ieee: 'A. N. Shrotri, B. Krause, O. Stübbe, U. Pfeiffer, and S. Preu, <i>Evaluation
    of Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera</i>, vol. 2024. Piscataway,
    NJ: IEEE, 2024. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740">10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740</a>.'
  mla: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, et al. “Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Axicon
    Lenses Using a THz-Camera.” <i>2024 49th International Conference on Infrared,
    Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</i>, vol. 2024, IEEE, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740">https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740</a>.
  short: A.N. Shrotri, B. Krause, O. Stübbe, U. Pfeiffer, S. Preu, Evaluation of Additively
    Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2024.
  ufg: '<b>Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra u. a.</b>: Evaluation of Additively Manufactured
    Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera, Bd. 2024, Piscataway, NJ 2024 (International
    Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves).'
  van: 'Shrotri AN, Krause B, Stübbe O, Pfeiffer U, Preu S. Evaluation of Additively
    Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera. 2024 49th International Conference
    on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE;
    2024. (International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves;
    vol. 2024).'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-09-06
  location: 'Perth, Australia '
  name: 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
    (IRMMW-THz)
  start_date: 2024-09-01
date_created: 2024-10-08T08:11:34Z
date_updated: 2024-10-08T11:47:36Z
department:
- _id: DEP5020
- _id: DEP6020
doi: 10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740
intvolume: '      2024'
keyword:
- Additives
- Prototypes
- Three-dimensional printing
- Sensors
- Lenses
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 2024 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
  Waves (IRMMW-THz)
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2162-2035
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
series_title: International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
status: public
title: Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 2024
year: '2024'
...