[{"publication_status":"published","series_title":"Proceedings of SPIE","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","department":[{"_id":"DEP5020"},{"_id":"DEP6020"},{"_id":"DEP5000"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2021-01-28","end_date":"2021-02-02","name":"SPIE Photonics West LASE Proc. SPIE 11677, Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII, 1167717","location":"San Francisco "},"abstract":[{"text":"Additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping process (RPP) have revolutionized the production of 3D objects in the last few decades. RPP has considerably increased the rate of production and the possibility of manufacturing prototypes in the fields of electrical, optical, and mechanical engineering. The manufacturing of optical prototypes including spherical, aspheric, and special kinds of lenses and lens arrays has reformed the fabrication of optical components. In this paper, specifically designed lens array prototypes for application in visible light communication (VLC) are introduced. These lens array prototypes are manufactured using the stereolithography apparatus (SLA) process. These lens arrays are designed to achieve optimal transmission of the light beam for VLC systems. One of the prototypes from the lens arrays contains primarily four spherical lenses and one thicker convex lens and the other contains one fresnel lens as a substitute for thicker convex lens. These lens arrays are further post-processed to achieve the required transparency. These lens array prototypes are tested using laser and LEDs. The ON-OFF keying modulated light beam was transmitted through the lens array at the sender side and focused on the photo-receiver using another lens array at the receiver side which is 200 cm apart. After evaluating these lens prototypes, it can be concluded that with appropriate post-processing and high-resolution stereolithography based manufacturing, a low data rate VLC link can be formed.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"51864","intvolume":"     11677","type":"conference_editor_article","place":"San Francisco","doi":"10.1117/12.2586907","_id":"7670","volume":11677,"citation":{"ieee":"A. N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, D. J. Schneider, and O. Stübbe, <i>Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus</i>, vol. 11677. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2021. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907\">10.1117/12.2586907</a>.","ama":"Shrotri AN, Beyer M, Schneider DJ, Stübbe O. <i>Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using Stereolithography Apparatus</i>. Vol 11677. (Helvajian H, Gu B, Chen H, eds.). Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907\">10.1117/12.2586907</a>","apa":"Shrotri, A. N., Beyer, M., Schneider, D. J., &#38; Stübbe, O. (2021). Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus. In H. Helvajian, B. Gu, &#38; H. Chen (Eds.), <i>Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII</i> (Vol. 11677). Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907</a>","chicago":"Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Micha Beyer, Daniel Johann Schneider, and Oliver Stübbe. <i>Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using Stereolithography Apparatus</i>. Edited by Henry Helvajian, Bo Gu, and Hongqiang Chen. <i>Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII</i>. Vol. 11677. Proceedings of SPIE. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907</a>.","van":"Shrotri AN, Beyer M, Schneider DJ, Stübbe O. Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus. Helvajian H, Gu B, Chen H, editors. Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers; 2021. (Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 11677).","mla":"Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, et al. “Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using Stereolithography Apparatus.” <i>Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII</i>, edited by Henry Helvajian et al., vol. 11677, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2021, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907</a>.","havard":"A.N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, D.J. Schneider, O. Stübbe, Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Francisco, 2021.","bjps":"<b>Shrotri AN <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) <i>Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using Stereolithography Apparatus</i>, Helvajian H, Gu B and Chen H (eds). San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.","ufg":"<b>Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra u. a.</b>: Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus, Bd. 11677, hg. von Helvajian, Henry/Gu, Bo/Chen, Hongqiang, San Francisco 2021 (Proceedings of SPIE).","short":"A.N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, D.J. Schneider, O. Stübbe, Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using Stereolithography Apparatus, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Francisco, 2021.","chicago-de":"Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Micha Beyer, Daniel Johann Schneider und Oliver Stübbe. 2021. <i>Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus</i>. Hg. von Henry Helvajian, Bo Gu, und Hongqiang Chen. <i>Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII</i>. Bd. 11677. Proceedings of SPIE. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907\">10.1117/12.2586907</a>, .","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Beyer, Micha</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schneider, Daniel Johann</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Stübbe, Oliver</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Helvajian, H.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Gu, B.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Chen, H.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus</i>, <i>Proceedings of SPIE</i>. Bd. 11677. San Francisco : Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2021"},"title":"Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus","status":"public","year":"2021","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2116-156X","id":"74090","first_name":"Abhijeet Narendra","last_name":"Shrotri","full_name":"Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra"},{"full_name":"Beyer, Micha","first_name":"Micha","last_name":"Beyer","id":"71403"},{"last_name":"Schneider","first_name":"Daniel Johann","id":"71057","full_name":"Schneider, Daniel Johann"},{"full_name":"Stübbe, Oliver","id":"51864","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Stübbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-6893"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907"}],"date_updated":"2024-04-19T11:54:33Z","editor":[{"full_name":"Helvajian, Henry","last_name":"Helvajian","first_name":"Henry"},{"first_name":"Bo","last_name":"Gu","full_name":"Gu, Bo"},{"full_name":"Chen, Hongqiang","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Hongqiang"}],"date_created":"2022-04-19T10:20:55Z","publication":"Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-1-5106-4190-7"],"issn":["0277-786X"],"eissn":["1996-756X"],"isbn":["978-1-5106-4189-1"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Additive manufacturing","3D printing","Stereolithography apparatus","Spherical lenses","Fresnel lenses","Visible light communication"]},{"publisher":"SPIE","conference":{"start_date":"2021-04-19","end_date":"2021-04-23","location":"Online (Prag)","name":"Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications ; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics Digital Forum "},"department":[{"_id":"DEP5020"},{"_id":"DEP6020"},{"_id":"DEP5000"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of lighting and wireless communication systems by\r\nmodulation of illumination devices. However, to increase the performance, typically, beam-forming measures are\r\ntaken creating pencil beams, thus contradicting the illumination purpose. In order to optimize the performance\r\ntrade o\u000b between e\u000ecient illumination and communication, the switching capabilities of illumination LEDs are\r\nexamined. Illumination LEDs with standard drivers and without beam-forming show limited applicability for\r\ncommunication purposes as they are not optimized for the necessary switching capability (f \u0019 11 MHz) and\r\ncoherence. Methods to enhance the electrical current by pre-equalisation, biasing, carrier sweeping and current\r\nshaping are examined in respect to the illumination LED's communication performance. A novel driver scheme\r\nis derived which achieves considerably higher switching frequencies (f \u0015 100 MHz) without employing beamforming\r\nat the illumination LED. This driver is able to obtain a data rate of up to 200 Mbit/s at a distance of\r\n3.2 m, using on-o\u000b keying (OOK) modulation technique. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the LED driver by\r\nimplementing standardised illumination devices in VLC systems."}],"publication_status":"published","series_title":"Proceedings of SPIE","place":"Bellingham, Washington, USA","doi":"10.1117/12.2588923","_id":"7672","user_id":"51864","intvolume":"     11775","type":"conference","status":"public","year":"2021","author":[{"id":"82849","full_name":"Schneider, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Schneider"},{"id":"74090","first_name":"Abhijeet Narendra","last_name":"Shrotri","full_name":"Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra","orcid":"0000-0003-2116-156X"},{"id":"58494","first_name":"Holger","last_name":"Flatt","full_name":"Flatt, Holger"},{"orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-6893","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Stübbe","id":"51864","full_name":"Stübbe, Oliver"},{"last_name":"Lachmayer","first_name":"Roland","full_name":"Lachmayer, Roland"}],"citation":{"short":"D. Schneider, A.N. Shrotri, H. Flatt, O. Stübbe, R. Lachmayer, in: P. Cheben, J. Čtyroký, I. Molina-Fernández (Eds.), Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI, SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, USA, 2021.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schneider, Daniel</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Flatt, Holger</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Stübbe, Oliver</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lachmayer, Roland</span>: Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments. In: <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Cheben, P.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Čtyroký, J.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Molina-Fernández, I.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>, <i>Proceedings of SPIE</i>. Bd. 11775. Bellingham, Washington, USA : SPIE, 2021","chicago-de":"Schneider, Daniel, Abhijeet Narendra Shrotri, Holger Flatt, Oliver Stübbe und Roland Lachmayer. 2021. Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments. In: <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>, hg. von Pavel Cheben, Jiří Čtyroký, und Iñigo Molina-Fernández, 11775:. Proceedings of SPIE. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923\">10.1117/12.2588923</a>, .","apa":"Schneider, D., Shrotri, A. N., Flatt, H., Stübbe, O., &#38; Lachmayer, R. (2021). Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments. In P. Cheben, J. Čtyroký, &#38; I. Molina-Fernández (Eds.), <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i> (Vol. 11775). SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923</a>","chicago":"Schneider, Daniel, Abhijeet Narendra Shrotri, Holger Flatt, Oliver Stübbe, and Roland Lachmayer. “Efficient Visible Light Communication Drivers Using Illumination LEDs in Industrial Environments.” In <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>, edited by Pavel Cheben, Jiří Čtyroký, and Iñigo Molina-Fernández, Vol. 11775. Proceedings of SPIE. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923</a>.","van":"Schneider D, Shrotri AN, Flatt H, Stübbe O, Lachmayer R. Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments. In: Cheben P, Čtyroký J, Molina-Fernández I, editors. Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE; 2021. (Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 11775).","ufg":"<b>Schneider, Daniel u. a.</b>: Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments, in: <i>Cheben, Pavel/Čtyroký, Jiří/Molina-Fernández, Iñigo (Hgg.)</i>: Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI, Bd. 11775, Bellingham, Washington, USA 2021 (Proceedings of SPIE).","havard":"D. Schneider, A.N. Shrotri, H. Flatt, O. Stübbe, R. Lachmayer, Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments, in: P. Cheben, J. Čtyroký, I. Molina-Fernández (Eds.), Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI, SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, USA, 2021.","mla":"Schneider, Daniel, et al. “Efficient Visible Light Communication Drivers Using Illumination LEDs in Industrial Environments.” <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>, edited by Pavel Cheben et al., vol. 11775, SPIE, 2021, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923</a>.","bjps":"<b>Schneider D <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Efficient Visible Light Communication Drivers Using Illumination LEDs in Industrial Environments. In Cheben P, Čtyroký J and Molina-Fernández I (eds), <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>, vol. 11775. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE.","ieee":"D. Schneider, A. N. Shrotri, H. Flatt, O. Stübbe, and R. Lachmayer, “Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments,” in <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>, Online (Prag), 2021, vol. 11775. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923\">10.1117/12.2588923</a>.","ama":"Schneider D, Shrotri AN, Flatt H, Stübbe O, Lachmayer R. Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments. In: Cheben P, Čtyroký J, Molina-Fernández I, eds. <i>Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI</i>. Vol 11775. Proceedings of SPIE. SPIE; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588923\">10.1117/12.2588923</a>"},"volume":11775,"title":"Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Optical Wireless Communication","Visible Light Communication","VLC","Li-Fi","Illumination","Dual-purpose drivers"],"date_updated":"2024-04-19T12:53:36Z","editor":[{"last_name":"Cheben","first_name":"Pavel","full_name":"Cheben, Pavel"},{"first_name":"Jiří","full_name":"Čtyroký, Jiří","last_name":"Čtyroký"},{"last_name":"Molina-Fernández","first_name":"Iñigo","full_name":"Molina-Fernández, Iñigo"}],"date_created":"2022-04-19T10:23:26Z","publication":"Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-1-5106-4385-7 "],"issn":["0277-786X"],"eissn":["1996-756X"],"isbn":["978-1-5106-4384-0"]}}]