@misc{12948,
  abstract     = {{Diet processing impacts on starch properties, such as the degree of starch gelatinization. This affects digestibility, as shown in laboratory mice fed either a pelleted or an extruded diet. In the present study, the morphology of starch particles throughout the digestive tract of mice was visualized. Thirty-two female C57BL/6J mice were used for a feeding trial. They were fed a commercial maintenance diet for laboratory mice, which was available in pelleted and extruded form, for seven weeks. The mice were sacrificed after the feeding period, and chyme samples were collected from five sites (stomach, anterior and posterior small intestine, caecum, colon). Samples of diets, chyme and faeces were analyzed via stereomicroscopy (stained with Lugol’s iodine) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The starch granules appeared more compact in the pelleted diet, showing first signs of degradation only in the small intestine. The caecum content of both diets group was intensively stained, particles as well as fluid phase, indicating that it contained mainly starch. The SEM pictures of caecum content showed abundant bacteria near starch particles. This suggests selective retention of prae-caecally undigested starch in the murine caecum, likely the site of microbial fermentation.}},
  author       = {{Wenderlein, Jasmin and Kienzle, Ellen and Straubinger, Reinhard K. and Schöl, Heidrun and Ulrich, Sebastian and Böswald, Linda Franziska}},
  booktitle    = {{Animals}},
  issn         = {{2076-2615}},
  keywords     = {{amylase, carbohydrate metabolism, processing, laboratory animal diets, caecum fermentation}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ani12080952}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{13578,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has found its way into nearly all fields of psychology. Previous studies indicated that virtual reality adaptations of the TSST are less potent in stimulating HPA-axis responses, with lower salivary cortisol responses recorded as compared to the in-vivo TSST. (TSST-IV). In the present experiment we tested the stress-induction potential of a refined version of the TSST-VR using a fully orthogonal experimental design in which ninety-three healthy males were either assigned to the TSST condition or a corresponding control condition in a real or virtual environment. We found a significant increase of endocrine, autonomic and self-reported stress markers in both stress conditions. Notably, we found a robust rise in salivary cortisol to the TSST-VR comparable to that observed in the TSST-IV. Despite subtle differences in response between virtual and in vivo settings, we conclude that VR adaptations of in-vivo stressors have the potential to induce real physiological and subjective reactions.}},
  author       = {{Zimmer, Patrick and Buttlar, Benjamin and Halbeisen, Georg and Walther, Eva and Domes,  Gregor}},
  booktitle    = {{Psychoneuroendocrinology}},
  issn         = {{1873-3360}},
  keywords     = {{Psychological stress, Virtual reality, Trier Social Stress Test, Free salivary cortisol, Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, Alpha amylase}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{186--192}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010}},
  volume       = {{101}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}