[{"title":"Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite?","date_updated":"2025-10-06T12:11:00Z","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer","date_created":"2025-10-01T09:20:35Z","publication_status":"published","place":"Berlin ; Heidelberg","citation":{"din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pfannebecker, Jens</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ebel, Frank</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ulrich, Sebastian</span>: Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite? In: <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>. Berlin ; Heidelberg, Springer (2025)","bjps":"<b>Dabisch-Ruthe M <i>et al.</i></b> (2025) Atranone-an Underestimated Secondary Metabolite? <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>.","chicago":"Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike, Jens Pfannebecker, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Frank Ebel, and Sebastian Ulrich. “Atranone-an Underestimated Secondary Metabolite?” <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x</a>.","ieee":"M. Dabisch-Ruthe, J. Pfannebecker, R. K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, and S. Ulrich, “Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite?,” <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x\">10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x</a>.","ama":"Dabisch-Ruthe M, Pfannebecker J, Straubinger RK, Ebel F, Ulrich S. Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite? <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x\">10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x</a>","van":"Dabisch-Ruthe M, Pfannebecker J, Straubinger RK, Ebel F, Ulrich S. Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite? Mycotoxin Research. 2025;","mla":"Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike, et al. “Atranone-an Underestimated Secondary Metabolite?” <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>, 2025, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x</a>.","apa":"Dabisch-Ruthe, M., Pfannebecker, J., Straubinger, R. K., Ebel, F., &#38; Ulrich, S. (2025). Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite? <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x</a>","short":"M. Dabisch-Ruthe, J. Pfannebecker, R.K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, S. Ulrich, Mycotoxin Research (2025).","chicago-de":"Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike, Jens Pfannebecker, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Frank Ebel und Sebastian Ulrich. 2025. Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite? <i>Mycotoxin Research</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x\">10.1007/s12550-025-00609-x</a>, .","ufg":"<b>Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike u. a.</b>: Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite?, in: <i>Mycotoxin Research</i> (2025).","havard":"M. Dabisch-Ruthe, J. Pfannebecker, R.K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, S. Ulrich, Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite?, Mycotoxin Research. (2025)."},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1867-1632"],"issn":["0178-7888"]},"type":"scientific_journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"Dabisch-Ruthe","id":"66516","full_name":"Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike","first_name":"Mareike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7644-0826"},{"id":"45690","last_name":"Pfannebecker","full_name":"Pfannebecker, Jens","first_name":"Jens","orcid":"0009-0005-4133-5442"},{"first_name":"Reinhard K.","last_name":"Straubinger","full_name":"Straubinger, Reinhard K."},{"full_name":"Ebel, Frank","last_name":"Ebel","first_name":"Frank"},{"full_name":"Ulrich, Sebastian","last_name":"Ulrich","id":"85847","first_name":"Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-4511-9537"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Atranones are secondary metabolites produced by Stachybotrys chartarum, a mold frequently found in water-damaged indoor environments. In contrast to the well-characterized and highly toxic macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones have received relatively limited scientific attention. Approximately 60% of S. chartarum isolates from indoor environments produce atranones, while 40% form macrocyclic trichothecenes. No strain has been shown to produce both, indicating that the biosynthetic pathways for these two mycotoxin classes are mutually exclusive. Atranones are dolabellane-like diterpenoids synthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through multiple enzymatic steps encoded by a specific core gene cluster. While the genetic structure of this cluster has been elucidated, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Notably, although atranone-producing S. chartarum strains have been isolated from indoor settings, no study has yet confirmed the actual production of atranones in indoor environments, leaving the question of real-world exposure unresolved. Experimental studies in cell cultures and animal models indicate that atranones possess pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Atranone Q has demonstrated antitumor activity against osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and more recently identified derivatives such as stachatranone and stachybatranone have shown preliminary cardioprotective effects under ischemic conditions. However, these pharmacological effects remain exploratory and require further validation in in vivo models. Major knowledge gaps concern the environmental triggers for atranone biosynthesis, their regulation, actual presence in built environments, and potential health risks. These areas represent key priorities for future research. "}],"keyword":["Atranone","Secondary metabolite","Stachybotrys","Stachatranone","Stachybatranone"],"_id":"13233","publication":"Mycotoxin Research","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"DEP4010"}],"year":"2025","user_id":"83781"},{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2309-608X"]},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4511-9537","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"85847","last_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Ulrich, Sebastian"},{"first_name":"Katharina","last_name":"Lang","full_name":"Lang, Katharina"},{"full_name":"Niessen, Ludwig","last_name":"Niessen","first_name":"Ludwig"},{"first_name":"Christiane","full_name":"Baschien, Christiane","last_name":"Baschien"},{"last_name":"Kosicki","full_name":"Kosicki, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Twarużek","full_name":"Twarużek, Magdalena"},{"last_name":"Straubinger","full_name":"Straubinger, Reinhard K.","first_name":"Reinhard K."},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Ebel, Frank","last_name":"Ebel"}],"intvolume":"         8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-06-15T09:57:20Z","volume":8,"publication_status":"published","citation":{"havard":"S. Ulrich, K. Lang, L. Niessen, C. Baschien, R. Kosicki, M. Twarużek, R.K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum, Journal of Fungi. 8 (2022).","short":"S. Ulrich, K. Lang, L. Niessen, C. Baschien, R. Kosicki, M. Twarużek, R.K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, Journal of Fungi 8 (2022).","apa":"Ulrich, S., Lang, K., Niessen, L., Baschien, C., Kosicki, R., Twarużek, M., Straubinger, R. K., &#38; Ebel, F. (2022). The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum. <i>Journal of Fungi</i>, <i>8</i>(4), Article 340. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340</a>","mla":"Ulrich, Sebastian, et al. “The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys Chartarum.” <i>Journal of Fungi</i>, vol. 8, no. 4, 340, 2022, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340</a>.","ufg":"<b>Ulrich, Sebastian u. a.</b>: The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum, in: <i>Journal of Fungi</i> 8 (2022), H. 4.","chicago-de":"Ulrich, Sebastian, Katharina Lang, Ludwig Niessen, Christiane Baschien, Robert Kosicki, Magdalena Twarużek, Reinhard K. Straubinger und Frank Ebel. 2022. The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum. <i>Journal of Fungi</i> 8, Nr. 4. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340\">10.3390/jof8040340</a>, .","ieee":"S. Ulrich <i>et al.</i>, “The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum,” <i>Journal of Fungi</i>, vol. 8, no. 4, Art. no. 340, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340\">10.3390/jof8040340</a>.","van":"Ulrich S, Lang K, Niessen L, Baschien C, Kosicki R, Twarużek M, et al. The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum. Journal of Fungi. 2022;8(4).","ama":"Ulrich S, Lang K, Niessen L, et al. The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum. <i>Journal of Fungi</i>. 2022;8(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340\">10.3390/jof8040340</a>","bjps":"<b>Ulrich S <i>et al.</i></b> (2022) The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys Chartarum. <i>Journal of Fungi</i> <b>8</b>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ulrich, Sebastian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lang, Katharina</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Niessen, Ludwig</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Baschien, Christiane</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kosicki, Robert</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Twarużek, Magdalena</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ebel, Frank</span>: The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum. In: <i>Journal of Fungi</i> Bd. 8, MDPI AG (2022), Nr. 4","chicago":"Ulrich, Sebastian, Katharina Lang, Ludwig Niessen, Christiane Baschien, Robert Kosicki, Magdalena Twarużek, Reinhard K. Straubinger, and Frank Ebel. “The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys Chartarum.” <i>Journal of Fungi</i> 8, no. 4 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040340</a>."},"title":"The Evolution of the Satratoxin and Atranone Gene Clusters of Stachybotrys chartarum","publication":"Journal of Fungi","_id":"12947","article_number":"340","type":"scientific_journal_article","publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.3390/jof8040340","date_updated":"2025-06-16T11:59:52Z","department":[{"_id":"DEP4010"}],"user_id":"83781","year":"2022","status":"public","keyword":["Stachybotrys","genome","macrocyclic trichothecene","atranone"],"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Stachybotrys chartarum is frequently isolated from damp building materials or improperly stored animal forage. Human and animal exposure to the secondary metabolites of this mold is linked to severe health effects. The mutually exclusive production of either satratoxins or atranones defines the chemotypes A and S. Based upon the genes (satratoxin cluster, SC1-3, sat or atranone cluster, AC1, atr) that are supposed to be essential for satratoxin and atranone production, S. chartarum can furthermore be divided into three genotypes: the S-type possessing all sat- but no atr-genes, the A-type lacking the sat- but harboring all atr-genes, and the H-type having only certain sat- and all atr-genes. We analyzed the above-mentioned gene clusters and their flanking regions to shed light on the evolutionary relationship. Furthermore, we performed a deep re-sequencing and LC-MS/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis. We propose a first model for the evolution of the S. chartarum genotypes. We assume that genotype H represents the most ancient form. A loss of the AC1 and the concomitant acquisition of the SC2 led to the emergence of the genotype S. According to our model, the genotype H also developed towards genotype A, a process that was accompanied by a loss of SC1 and SC3.","lang":"eng"}]}]