---
_id: '1721'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this contribution, the effect of the presence of a presumed inert gas like
    N2 in the feed gas on the biological methanation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide
    with Methanothermobacter marburgensis was investigated. N2 can be found as a component
    besides CO2 in possible feed gases like mine gas, weak gas, or steel mill gas.
    To determine whether there is an effect on the biological methanation of CO2 and
    H2 from renewable sources or not, the process was investigated using feed gases
    containing CO2, H2, and N2 in different ratios, depending on the CO2 content.
    A possible effect can be a lowered conversion rate of CO2 and H2 to CH4. Feed
    gases containing up to 47N2 were investigated. The conversion of hydrogen and
    carbon dioxide was possible with a conversion rate of up to 91 but was limited
    by the amount of H2 when feeding a stoichiometric ratio of 4:1 and not by adding
    N2 to the feed gas.</jats:p>
article_number: '56'
author:
- first_name: Marc Philippe
  full_name: Hoffarth, Marc Philippe
  id: '42198'
  last_name: Hoffarth
- first_name: Timo
  full_name: Broeker, Timo
  id: '43927'
  last_name: Broeker
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schneider, Jan
  id: '13209'
  last_name: Schneider
  orcid: 0000-0001-6401-8873
citation:
  ama: Hoffarth MP, Broeker T, Schneider J. Effect of N2 on Biological Methanation
    in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter marburgensis. <i>Fermentation</i>.
    2019;5(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056">10.3390/fermentation5030056</a>
  apa: Hoffarth, M. P., Broeker, T., &#38; Schneider, J. (2019). Effect of N2 on Biological
    Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter marburgensis.
    <i>Fermentation</i>, <i>5</i>(3), Article 56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056">https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056</a>
  bjps: <b>Hoffarth MP, Broeker T and Schneider J</b> (2019) Effect of N2 on Biological
    Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter Marburgensis.
    <i>Fermentation</i> <b>5</b>.
  chicago: Hoffarth, Marc Philippe, Timo Broeker, and Jan Schneider. “Effect of N2
    on Biological Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter
    Marburgensis.” <i>Fermentation</i> 5, no. 3 (2019). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056">https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056</a>.
  chicago-de: Hoffarth, Marc Philippe, Timo Broeker und Jan Schneider. 2019. Effect
    of N2 on Biological Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter
    marburgensis. <i>Fermentation</i> 5, Nr. 3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056">10.3390/fermentation5030056</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hoffarth, Marc Philippe</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Broeker, Timo</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schneider,
    Jan</span>: Effect of N2 on Biological Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank
    Reactor with Methanothermobacter marburgensis. In: <i>Fermentation</i> Bd. 5,
    MDPI  (2019), Nr. 3'
  havard: M.P. Hoffarth, T. Broeker, J. Schneider, Effect of N2 on Biological Methanation
    in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter marburgensis, Fermentation.
    5 (2019).
  ieee: 'M. P. Hoffarth, T. Broeker, and J. Schneider, “Effect of N2 on Biological
    Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter marburgensis,”
    <i>Fermentation</i>, vol. 5, no. 3, Art. no. 56, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056">10.3390/fermentation5030056</a>.'
  mla: Hoffarth, Marc Philippe, et al. “Effect of N2 on Biological Methanation in
    a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter Marburgensis.” <i>Fermentation</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 3, 56, 2019, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056">https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030056</a>.
  short: M.P. Hoffarth, T. Broeker, J. Schneider, Fermentation 5 (2019).
  ufg: '<b>Hoffarth, Marc Philippe/Broeker, Timo/Schneider, Jan</b>: Effect of N2
    on Biological Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter
    marburgensis, in: <i>Fermentation</i> 5 (2019), H. 3.'
  van: Hoffarth MP, Broeker T, Schneider J. Effect of N2 on Biological Methanation
    in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor with Methanothermobacter marburgensis. Fermentation.
    2019;5(3).
date_created: 2019-07-30T09:33:08Z
date_updated: 2024-05-17T11:23:55Z
department:
- _id: DEP4018
doi: 10.3390/fermentation5030056
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- biological methanation
- CSTR
- Methanothermobacter marburgensis
- methane
- carbon dioxide
- dinitrogen
- hydrogen
- power-to-gas
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/5/3/56
oa: '1'
publication: Fermentation
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2311-5637
publication_status: published
publisher: 'MDPI '
status: public
title: Effect of N2 on Biological Methanation in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor
  with Methanothermobacter marburgensis
type: journal_article
user_id: '83778'
volume: 5
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '5435'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Towards renewable energy systems, the coupling of multiple sectors is important
    and incorporates novel technologies where currently no models exist that correctly
    represent all transient effects. Therefore, we present a method that incorporates
    Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations where virtual components as models are coupled
    to real and experimental facilities in real time. By including experimental components,
    a higher validity can be obtained and the practical applicability of renewable
    energy scenario can be discussed more profoundly. In this paper, the considered
    energy system consists of an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor, a
    real photovoltaic park, a regenerative fuel cell and short-term storage units
    to supply a residential district. A representative control sequence of the methanator
    is obtained by modeling the scenario as an optimal control problem. A first HIL
    simulation highlights that modifications of the instrumentation are required for
    a grid injection of the generated methane. The scientific approach can be applied
    to any energy system where some of the considered components are available as
    experimental or real facilities. Non-exisiting components are simply replaced
    by models. The presented approach helps to determine which parts or process parameters
    are crucial for the planed operation before the overall energy system is realized
    on a larger scale. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Griese, Martin
  id: '52308'
  last_name: Griese
- first_name: Marc Philippe
  full_name: Hoffrath, Marc Philippe
  last_name: Hoffrath
- first_name: Timo
  full_name: Broeker, Timo
  id: '43927'
  last_name: Broeker
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schulte, Thomas
  id: '46242'
  last_name: Schulte
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schneider, Jan
  id: '13209'
  last_name: Schneider
  orcid: 0000-0001-6401-8873
citation:
  ama: 'Griese M, Hoffrath MP, Broeker T, Schulte T, Schneider J. Hardware-in-the-Loop
    simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic
    methanation reactor. <i>Energy : the international journal</i>. 2019;181:77-90.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092">10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092</a>'
  apa: 'Griese, M., Hoffrath, M. P., Broeker, T., Schulte, T., &#38; Schneider, J.
    (2019). Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating
    an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor. <i>Energy : The International
    Journal</i>, <i>181</i>, 77–90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Griese M <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of an
    Optimized Energy Management Incorporating an Experimental Biocatalytic Methanation
    Reactor. <i>Energy : the international journal</i> <b>181</b>, 77–90.'
  chicago: 'Griese, Martin, Marc Philippe Hoffrath, Timo Broeker, Thomas Schulte,
    and Jan Schneider. “Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of an Optimized Energy Management
    Incorporating an Experimental Biocatalytic Methanation Reactor.” <i>Energy : The
    International Journal</i> 181 (2019): 77–90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Griese, Martin, Marc Philippe Hoffrath, Timo Broeker, Thomas Schulte
    und Jan Schneider. 2019. Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation of an optimized energy
    management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor. <i>Energy :
    the international journal</i> 181: 77–90. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092">10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hoffrath, Marc Philippe</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Broeker,
    Timo</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schulte, Thomas</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schneider, Jan</span>: Hardware-in-the-Loop
    simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic
    methanation reactor. In: <i>Energy : the international journal</i> Bd. 181, Elsevier
    (2019), S. 77–90'
  havard: 'M. Griese, M.P. Hoffrath, T. Broeker, T. Schulte, J. Schneider, Hardware-in-the-Loop
    simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic
    methanation reactor, Energy : The International Journal. 181 (2019) 77–90.'
  ieee: 'M. Griese, M. P. Hoffrath, T. Broeker, T. Schulte, and J. Schneider, “Hardware-in-the-Loop
    simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic
    methanation reactor,” <i>Energy : the international journal</i>, vol. 181, pp.
    77–90, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092">10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092</a>.'
  mla: 'Griese, Martin, et al. “Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of an Optimized Energy
    Management Incorporating an Experimental Biocatalytic Methanation Reactor.” <i>Energy :
    The International Journal</i>, vol. 181, 2019, pp. 77–90, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092</a>.'
  short: 'M. Griese, M.P. Hoffrath, T. Broeker, T. Schulte, J. Schneider, Energy :
    The International Journal 181 (2019) 77–90.'
  ufg: '<b>Griese, Martin u. a.</b>: Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation of an optimized
    energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor,
    in: <i>Energy : the international journal</i> 181 (2019),  S. 77–90.'
  van: 'Griese M, Hoffrath MP, Broeker T, Schulte T, Schneider J. Hardware-in-the-Loop
    simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic
    methanation reactor. Energy : the international journal. 2019;181:77–90.'
conference:
  end_date: 2018-06-21
  location: Guimaraes, PORTUGAL
  name: 31st International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation,
    and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS)
  start_date: 2018-06-17
date_created: 2021-04-08T07:42:48Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T07:48:53Z
department:
- _id: DEP4023
- _id: DEP4018
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000476965900009'
intvolume: '       181'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Biological methanation
- Energy management
- HIL simulation
- Optimization
- Scalable models
language:
- iso: eng
page: 77 - 90
publication: 'Energy : the international journal'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-6785
  issn:
  - 0360-5442
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating
  an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor
type: journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 181
year: '2019'
...