[{"status":"public","page":"1101-1116","keyword":["Oil palm wood","compression","tension","strength","young’s modulus","digital image correlation","glued laminated timber"],"_id":"11113","user_id":"83781","external_id":{"isi":["001147069800001"]},"publisher":"Taylor & Francis","citation":{"bjps":"Frühwald-König K and Heister L (2024) Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood. Wood material science and engineering 19, 1101–1116.","ama":"Frühwald-König K, Heister L. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering. 2024;19(5):1101-1116. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627","van":"Frühwald-König K, Heister L. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering. 2024;19(5):1101–16.","ufg":"Frühwald-König, Katja/Heister, Lena: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood, in: Wood material science and engineering 19 (2024), H. 5,  S. 1101–1116.","short":"K. Frühwald-König, L. Heister, Wood Material Science and Engineering 19 (2024) 1101–1116.","din1505-2-1":"Frühwald-König, Katja ; Heister, Lena: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. In: Wood material science and engineering Bd. 19. London, Taylor & Francis (2024), Nr. 5, S. 1101–1116","chicago":"Frühwald-König, Katja, and Lena Heister. “Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood.” Wood Material Science and Engineering 19, no. 5 (2024): 1101–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.","mla":"Frühwald-König, Katja, and Lena Heister. “Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood.” Wood Material Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, 2024, pp. 1101–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.","ieee":"K. Frühwald-König and L. Heister, “Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood,” Wood material science and engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1101–1116, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.","chicago-de":"Frühwald-König, Katja und Lena Heister. 2024. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering 19, Nr. 5: 1101–1116. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627, .","havard":"K. Frühwald-König, L. Heister, Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood, Wood Material Science and Engineering. 19 (2024) 1101–1116.","apa":"Frühwald-König, K., & Heister, L. (2024). Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 19(5), 1101–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627","publication":"Wood material science and engineering","intvolume":" 19","author":[{"id":"26232","full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","last_name":"Frühwald-König","first_name":"Katja"},{"first_name":"Lena","last_name":"Heister","id":"71887","full_name":"Heister, Lena"}],"issue":"5","title":"Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood","type":"scientific_journal_article","place":"London","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"year":"2024","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"When oil palm lumber is considered for load-bearing products such as glued laminated timber (GLT), defined strength and stiffness values are required. In this investigation, combined GLT from oil palm wood is tested in compression parallel and perpendicular and glulam lamellas in tension parallel to the vascular bundles. Strength and Young´s modulus in compression and tension parallel increase with the density by power law relationship. In contrast to dicotyle­dons, the strength in construction size exceeds that of small, defect-free test specimens (compression strength perpendicular), are in the same range (tensile and bending strength parallel) or only a little below (compression strength parallel). The specimen size does not influence the strength. The ratio of fc,0 : fm : ft,0 is 1.2 : 0.8 … 1.7 … 2.6 : 1 and fc,0 : fc,90 = 2.7 … 13.0 … 32.6 : 1 for ρ = 200 … 400 … 600 kg/m³; the ratio of Ec,0 : Em : Et,0 is 1.2 : 1.3 : 1 for ρ = 400 kg/m³. Ashby´s performance indices for minimum weight design rise with the density; the strength-density performance indices are comparable or only slightly lower than that for structural size softwood, whereas the modulus-density performance indices are much lower. The challenge in use of oil palm wood for load-bearing construction products is the low stiffness."}],"date_updated":"2025-06-25T12:41:40Z","volume":19,"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-02-25T07:30:24Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-0280"],"issn":["1748-0272"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":"1"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"One obstacle to the industrial processing of oil palm wood is its nearly water-saturated state in green condition and its high tendency to develop cell collapse during kiln drying. This study analyzed mechanical dewatering by flat compression as an alternative pre-drying method for wet oil palm sawn timber. In the process, boards 700 mm long were compressed at ratios of 40% and 60% using a laboratory press, which resulted in water extraction of the free water varying between 38–52% and 60–73%, respectively. Since unperforated press plates were used, the water could only escape over the crosscut and long edges. The extent to which the crosscut and long edges were involved in dewatering was examined, and found to depend on the position of the board in the trunk due to the different water permeability conditions at the different heights. Permeability measurements, therefore, were carried out on cylindrical specimens using a specifically designed testing device. For the analysis of the hydrostatic pressure development in the boards, three pressure transducers were installed at different distances to the crosscut at half board thickness. The analysis of the recovery of compression showed, that the boards recovered to a large extend immediately after compression."}],"year":"2024","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"place":"London","type":"scientific_journal_article","title":"Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression","author":[{"last_name":"Kölli","id":"74242","full_name":"Kölli, Nathan","first_name":"Nathan"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-0272"],"eissn":["1748-0280"]},"date_created":"2024-07-27T05:39:13Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-11-08T09:39:22Z","status":"public","doi":"10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545","publication":"Wood Material Science & Engineering","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"apa":"Kölli, N. (2024). Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545","din1505-2-1":"Kölli, Nathan: Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression. In: Wood Material Science & Engineering. London, Taylor & Francis (2024), S. 1–15","chicago-de":"Kölli, Nathan. 2024. Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression. Wood Material Science & Engineering: 1–15. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545, .","havard":"N. Kölli, Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression, Wood Material Science & Engineering. (2024) 1–15.","short":"N. Kölli, Wood Material Science & Engineering (2024) 1–15.","ufg":"Kölli, Nathan: Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression, in: Wood Material Science & Engineering (2024),  S. 1–15.","ieee":"N. Kölli, “Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression,” Wood Material Science & Engineering, pp. 1–15, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545.","ama":"Kölli N. Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression. Wood Material Science & Engineering. Published online 2024:1-15. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545","mla":"Kölli, Nathan. “Dewatering Behavior of Wet Oil Palm Sawn Timber during Flat Compression.” Wood Material Science & Engineering, 2024, pp. 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545.","van":"Kölli N. Dewatering behavior of wet oil palm sawn timber during flat compression. Wood Material Science & Engineering. 2024;1–15.","chicago":"Kölli, Nathan. “Dewatering Behavior of Wet Oil Palm Sawn Timber during Flat Compression.” Wood Material Science & Engineering, 2024, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2355545.","bjps":"Kölli N (2024) Dewatering Behavior of Wet Oil Palm Sawn Timber during Flat Compression. Wood Material Science & Engineering 1–15."},"publisher":"Taylor & Francis","keyword":["Flat compression","hydrostatic pressure","mechanical dewatering","water permeability"],"_id":"11793","user_id":"26232","page":"1-15"},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2303","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","article_number":"2303","pmid":"1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303","publication":"Pharmaceutics","intvolume":" 14","oa":"1","publisher":"MDPI","external_id":{"isi":["000883998100001"],"pmid":["36365122"]},"citation":{"apa":"Ramm, S., Fulek, R., Eberle, V. A., Kiera, C., Odefey, U., & Pein-Hackelbusch, M. (2022). Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation. Pharmaceutics, 14(11), Article 2303. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303","havard":"S. Ramm, R. Fulek, V.A. Eberle, C. Kiera, U. Odefey, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation., Pharmaceutics. 14 (2022).","chicago-de":"Ramm, Selina, Ruwen Fulek, Veronika Anna Eberle, Christian Kiera, Ulrich Odefey und Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch. 2022. Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation. Pharmaceutics 14, Nr. 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303, .","din1505-2-1":"Ramm, Selina ; Fulek, Ruwen ; Eberle, Veronika Anna ; Kiera, Christian ; Odefey, Ulrich ; Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam: Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation. In: Pharmaceutics Bd. 14. Basel, MDPI (2022), Nr. 11","short":"S. Ramm, R. Fulek, V.A. Eberle, C. Kiera, U. Odefey, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Pharmaceutics 14 (2022).","ieee":"S. Ramm, R. Fulek, V. A. Eberle, C. Kiera, U. Odefey, and M. Pein-Hackelbusch, “Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation.,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 14, no. 11, Art. no. 2303, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303.","ufg":"Ramm, Selina u. a.: Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation., in: Pharmaceutics 14 (2022), H. 11.","van":"Ramm S, Fulek R, Eberle VA, Kiera C, Odefey U, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(11).","mla":"Ramm, Selina, et al. “Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation.” Pharmaceutics, vol. 14, no. 11, 2303, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303.","ama":"Ramm S, Fulek R, Eberle VA, Kiera C, Odefey U, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(11). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303","chicago":"Ramm, Selina, Ruwen Fulek, Veronika Anna Eberle, Christian Kiera, Ulrich Odefey, and Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch. “Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation.” Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303.","bjps":"Ramm S et al. (2022) Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation. Pharmaceutics 14."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["wet granulation","liquid requirement","granulation endpoint","compression density"],"_id":"9568","user_id":"83781","year":"2022","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Pellet production is a multi-step manufacturing process comprising granulation, extrusion and spheronisation. The first step represents a critical control point, since the quality of the granule mass highly influences subsequent process steps and, consequently, the quality of final pellets. The most important parameter of wet granulation is the liquid requirement, which can often only be quantitatively evaluated after further process steps. To identify an alternative for optimal liquid requirements, experiments were conducted with a formulation based on lactose and microcrystalline cellulose. Granules were analyzed with a Powder Vertical Shear Rig. We identified the compression density (ρpress) as the said alternative, linking information from the powder material and the moisture content (R2 = 0.995). We used ρpress to successfully predict liquid requirements for unknown formulation compositions. By means of this prediction, pellets with high quality, regarding shape and size distribution, were produced by carrying out a multi-step manufacturing process. Furthermore, the applicability of ρpress as an alternative quality parameter to other placebo formulations and to formulations containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was demonstrated."}],"department":[{"_id":"DEP4022"},{"_id":"DEP4028"},{"_id":"DEP4014"}],"type":"scientific_journal_article","place":"Basel","author":[{"first_name":"Selina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-8032","last_name":"Ramm","full_name":"Ramm, Selina","id":"68713"},{"first_name":"Ruwen","last_name":"Fulek","id":"79527","full_name":"Fulek, Ruwen"},{"first_name":"Veronika Anna","last_name":"Eberle","full_name":"Eberle, Veronika Anna"},{"full_name":"Kiera, Christian","last_name":"Kiera","first_name":"Christian"},{"full_name":"Odefey, Ulrich","id":"74218","last_name":"Odefey","first_name":"Ulrich"},{"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Pein-Hackelbusch","orcid":"0000-0002-7920-0595","id":"64952","full_name":"Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam"}],"title":"Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation.","issue":"11","isi":"1","date_created":"2023-03-03T11:23:01Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1999-4923"]},"date_updated":"2025-07-29T13:22:53Z","volume":14,"publication_status":"published"}]