@misc{12849,
  abstract     = {{Trophic interactions determine food web structure and influence biodiversity, community structure, ecosystem functioning, and food web responses to global change. These interactions are highly flexible, changing on temporal scales from diurnal to evolutionary times due to phenotypic plasticity, rapid evolution and species sorting. Small-scale experimental and theoretical studies of plankton interactions have demonstrated a high relevance of this flexibility for community dynamics and ecosystem processes in small, simplified communities. However, the extent to which this flexibility affects larger-scale systems, for example, global ocean dynamics and their responses to global change, is still poorly understood. Differences in methodology, focus and terminology between research disciplines limit our ability to project established effects of flexible trophic interactions onto larger spatial and temporal scales. We propose to bridge this gap with a general framework for upscaling knowledge from small-scale research to large-scale models. Building on examples from plankton communities, we use this framework to show how mechanisms demonstrated in small-scale studies can be linked to ecosystem functions relevant at large scales. We argue for incorporating flexibility in large-scale process-based models to improve their realism and predictive power, and discuss challenges and ways forward for achieving this. Finally, we suggest several concrete ways for upscaling small-scale studies to make their findings more relevant for large-scale research, to close existing knowledge gaps and to improve our understanding of how flexible trophic interactions affect dynamics and processes across scales.}},
  author       = {{van Velzen, Ellen and Wollrab, Sabine and Kerimoglu, Onur and Gaedke, Ursula and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Kasada, Minoru and Klip, Helena C. L. and Moorthi, Stefanie and Shatwell, Tom and Thongthaisong, Patch and Friederike Prowe, A. E.}},
  booktitle    = {{Ecosystems}},
  issn         = {{1435-0629}},
  keywords     = {{Functional traits, Plankton interactions, Rapid evolution, Phenotypic plasticity, Ecosystem functioning, Global change, Upscaling, Adaptation}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Flexibility in Aquatic Food Web Interactions: Linking Scales and Approaches}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10021-025-00968-7}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{12698,
  abstract     = {{We explore the determinants affecting the emergence of the “pervaded banking system” (PBS) – a mixed system encompassing traditional banks and continuously entering fintech companies – in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Drawing on a sample of 604 fintech companies and 802 banks, we compile an unbalanced panel dataset between 2015 and 2019 and employ a fixed-effects negative binomial model to analyze tie formation processes between fintech companies and banks using three analytical perspectives: (i) geographical colocation, (ii) network embeddedness, and (iii) combined effects. Our empirical results demonstrate that geographical factors, network-related drivers, and combined effects positively impact the formation of ties between banks and fintech companies. This study contributes to the debate in small business literature by illuminating how small firms affect system emergence. We make recommendations for bank and fintech managers, as well as political decision-makers, who need a profound systemic understanding to adapt strategies and set the institutional framework.}},
  author       = {{von Horn, Roland and Kudic, Muhamed}},
  booktitle    = {{Journal of Small Business Management}},
  issn         = {{1540-627X}},
  keywords     = {{Fintech, ecosystem, network emergence, alliance}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{1749--1780}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor & Francis}},
  title        = {{{Determinants of system emergence at the nexus of banks and fintech – insights from the DACH region}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/00472778.2023.2169704}},
  volume       = {{62}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{12244,
  abstract     = {{In this paper the concept of resilience is discussed on the base of 13 case studies from the German branch of the International Long-Term Ecological Research Program. In the introduction the resilience approach is presented as one possibility to describe ecosystem dynamics. The relations with the concepts of adaptability and ecological integrity are discussed and the research questions are formulated. The focal research objectives are related to the conditions of resilient behaviour of ecosystems, the role of spatio-temporal scales, the differences between short- or long-term dynamics, the basic methodological requirements to exactly define resilience, the role of the reference state and indicators and the suitability of resilience as a management concept. The main part of the paper consists of 13 small case study descriptions, which demonstrate phase transitions and resilient dynamics of several terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at different time scales. In the discussion, some problems arising from the interpretation of the time series are highlighted and discussed. The topics of discussion are the conceptual challenges of the resilience approach, methodological problems, the role of indicator selection, the complex interactions between different disturbances, the significance of time scales and a comparison of the case studies. The article ends with a conclusion which focuses on the demand to link resilience with adaptability, in order to support the long-term dynamics of ecosystem development.}},
  author       = {{Müller, F. and Bergmann, M. and Dannowski, R. and Dippner, J.W. and Gnauck, A. and Haase, P. and Jochimsen, Marc C. and Kasprzak, P. and Kröncke, I. and Kümmerlin, R. and Küster, M. and Lischeid, G. and Meesenburg, H. and Merz, C. and Millat, G. and Müller, J. and Padisák, J. and Schimming, C.G. and Schubert, H. and Schult, M. and Selmeczy, G. and Shatwell, Tom and Stoll, S. and Schwabe, M. and Soltwedel, T. and Straile, D. and Theuerkauf, M.}},
  booktitle    = {{  Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}},
  issn         = {{1872-7034}},
  keywords     = {{Long-term ecological research, LTER, Ecosystem resilience and adaptability, Spatio-temporal scales, Indicator selection}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{10--43}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Assessing resilience in long-term ecological data sets}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.066}},
  volume       = {{65}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}