---
_id: '9204'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The development of autonomous vehicles and the integration of new information
    and communication technologies are making the reliability of electrical systems
    and components in modern vehicles increasingly important. Electrical connectors
    are a crucial component in an electrical on-board system. They are exposed to
    a wide variety of influences by the environment and operating conditions. Thus,
    the degradation of electrical connectors can occur. Material and surface analysis
    methods are the tools used to analyze the degradation mechanisms in connectors
    after lifetime tests, as well as in field operations. Within the framework of
    this study, a wide variety of methods from the analytical scope are presented
    and discussed. The connector surfaces degraded by different failure mechanisms
    are analyzed using various material and surface analysis methods. The quality
    and the nature of the analyses results obtained from various analysis methods
    are compared. Also, this study deals with the benefits and limitations, as well
    as the effort and the specific challenges of different material and surface analytical
    methods for the evaluation of failure mechanisms from the point of view of a material
    and surface analyst.
author:
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Kolmer, Philipp
  last_name: Kolmer
- first_name: Abhay Rammurti
  full_name: Shukla, Abhay Rammurti
  id: '72757'
  last_name: Shukla
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Song, Jian
  id: '5297'
  last_name: Song
citation:
  ama: 'Kolmer P, Shukla AR, Song J. Methods of Material and Surface Analysis for
    the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors. <i>Technologies : open
    access journal</i>. 2022;10(6):124. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124">https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124</a>'
  apa: 'Kolmer, P., Shukla, A. R., &#38; Song, J. (2022). Methods of Material and
    Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors.
    <i>Technologies : Open Access Journal</i>, <i>10</i>(6), 124. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124">https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Kolmer P, Shukla AR and Song J</b> (2022) Methods of Material and Surface
    Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors. <i>Technologies :
    open access journal</i> <b>10</b>, 124.'
  chicago: 'Kolmer, Philipp, Abhay Rammurti Shukla, and Jian Song. “Methods of Material
    and Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors.”
    <i>Technologies : Open Access Journal</i> 10, no. 6 (2022): 124. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124">https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Kolmer, Philipp, Abhay Rammurti Shukla und Jian Song. 2022. Methods
    of Material and Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical
    Connectors. <i>Technologies : open access journal</i> 10, Nr. 6: 124. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124">https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kolmer, Philipp</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shukla, Abhay Rammurti</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Song,
    Jian</span>: Methods of Material and Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure
    Modes for Electrical Connectors. In: <i>Technologies : open access journal</i>
    Bd. 10. Basel, MDPI (2022), Nr. 6, S. 124'
  havard: 'P. Kolmer, A.R. Shukla, J. Song, Methods of Material and Surface Analysis
    for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors, Technologies :
    Open Access Journal. 10 (2022) 124.'
  ieee: 'P. Kolmer, A. R. Shukla, and J. Song, “Methods of Material and Surface Analysis
    for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors,” <i>Technologies :
    open access journal</i>, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 124, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124">https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124</a>.'
  mla: 'Kolmer, Philipp, et al. “Methods of Material and Surface Analysis for the
    Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors.” <i>Technologies : Open
    Access Journal</i>, vol. 10, no. 6, 2022, p. 124, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124">https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124</a>.'
  short: 'P. Kolmer, A.R. Shukla, J. Song, Technologies : Open Access Journal 10 (2022)
    124.'
  ufg: '<b>Kolmer, Philipp/Shukla, Abhay Rammurti/Song, Jian</b>: Methods of Material
    and Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors,
    in: <i>Technologies : open access journal</i> 10 (2022), H. 6,  S. 124.'
  van: 'Kolmer P, Shukla AR, Song J. Methods of Material and Surface Analysis for
    the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors. Technologies : open
    access journal. 2022;10(6):124.'
date_created: 2022-12-11T12:35:54Z
date_updated: 2024-08-05T07:19:56Z
ddc:
- '600'
department:
- _id: DEP6012
doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124
intvolume: '        10'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- electrical connector
- failure modes
- wear
- fretting corrosion
- analysis
- material
- method
language:
- iso: eng
page: '124'
place: Basel
publication: 'Technologies : open access journal'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '2227-7080 '
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
status: public
title: Methods of Material and Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes
  for Electrical Connectors
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 10
year: '2022'
...