@misc{11495,
  abstract     = {{To evaluate the suitability of an analytical instrument, essential figures of merit such as the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) can be employed. However, as the definitions k nown in the literature are mostly applicable to one signal per sample, estimating the LOD for substances with instruments yielding multidimensional results like electronic noses (eNoses) is still challenging. In this paper, we will compare and present different approaches to estimate the LOD for eNoses by employing commonly used multivariate data analysis and regression techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), principal component regression (PCR), as well as partial least squares regression (PLSR). These methods could subsequently be used to assess the suitability of eNoses to help control and steer processes where volatiles are key process parameters. As a use case, we determined the LODs for key compounds involved in beer maturation, namely acetaldehyde, diacetyl, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl acetate, isobutanol, and 2-phenylethanol, and discussed the suitability of our eNose for that dertermination process. The results of the methods performed demonstrated differences of up to a factor of eight. For diacetyl, the LOD and the LOQ were sufficiently low to suggest potential for monitoring via eNose. }},
  author       = {{Kruse, Julia and Wörner, Julius and Schneider, Jan and Dörksen, Helene and Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam}},
  booktitle    = {{Sensors}},
  issn         = {{1424-8220 }},
  keywords     = {{multidimensional sensor arrays, MOS sensors, beer fermentation, process control, gas analysis, metal oxide semiconductors, intentional data analysis, chemometrics, PLSR, PCA, first-order calibration}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses }}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/s24113520}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12021,
  author       = {{Segermann, Jan and Luttmann, Mario and Blome, André and Feldt, Sebastian and Sivanesan, Sujee and Holst, Christoph-Alexander and Lohweg, Volker and Frahm, Björn and Müller, Ulrich}},
  keywords     = {{sourdough, fermentation, near-infrared spectroscopy, support vector machine}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  title        = {{{Die Rolle von ML-Modellen in der Lebensmitteltechnologie: Eine Fallstudie zur Sauerteigfermentation mit NIR-Spektroskopie}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12948,
  abstract     = {{Diet processing impacts on starch properties, such as the degree of starch gelatinization. This affects digestibility, as shown in laboratory mice fed either a pelleted or an extruded diet. In the present study, the morphology of starch particles throughout the digestive tract of mice was visualized. Thirty-two female C57BL/6J mice were used for a feeding trial. They were fed a commercial maintenance diet for laboratory mice, which was available in pelleted and extruded form, for seven weeks. The mice were sacrificed after the feeding period, and chyme samples were collected from five sites (stomach, anterior and posterior small intestine, caecum, colon). Samples of diets, chyme and faeces were analyzed via stereomicroscopy (stained with Lugol’s iodine) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The starch granules appeared more compact in the pelleted diet, showing first signs of degradation only in the small intestine. The caecum content of both diets group was intensively stained, particles as well as fluid phase, indicating that it contained mainly starch. The SEM pictures of caecum content showed abundant bacteria near starch particles. This suggests selective retention of prae-caecally undigested starch in the murine caecum, likely the site of microbial fermentation.}},
  author       = {{Wenderlein, Jasmin and Kienzle, Ellen and Straubinger, Reinhard K. and Schöl, Heidrun and Ulrich, Sebastian and Böswald, Linda Franziska}},
  booktitle    = {{Animals}},
  issn         = {{2076-2615}},
  keywords     = {{amylase, carbohydrate metabolism, processing, laboratory animal diets, caecum fermentation}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ani12080952}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{8346,
  author       = {{Sietz, Manfred and Siemens, Yvonne}},
  keywords     = {{catalyst, sugar, alcoholic fermentation, bioethanole, nanogold}},
  publisher    = {{Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}},
  title        = {{{Katalytische Beschleunigung der alkoholischen Gärung durch kristalline Oxidationskatalysatoren auf Basis von Nanogold/ Kieselgel}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.25644/n873-rm33}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{12979,
  abstract     = {{Physiological consequences of adaptation to and continued feeding of a high-energetic diet were studied in eight non-pregnant, non-lactating dairy Holstein cows over a period of 16 weeks. The first six weeks served as an adaptation period from the low energetic straw-based diet (3.8 MJ NEL/kg DM) to the high-energetic ration (7.5 MJ NEL/kg DM). Intake of dry matter (DM) increased with dietary energy concentration from 9 to 20 kg/d up to week 9 to 12 and decreased thereafter. The initial live weight (LW) of 550 ± 60 kg was increased linearly and corresponded to an average daily LW gain of 2.3 ± 0.3 kg. Energy balance increased approximately nine-fold to a maximum of 114 MJ NEL/d in week 10. Ruminal fermentation pattern was completely changed from an acetate dominating profile to a propionate based one, which was paralleled by a marked increase in the rumen fluid endotoxin concentration. Unlike blood glucose concentration, which increased continuously, that of cholesterol and triglycerides started to increase after an initial stagnation. In conclusion, both ruminal adaptation to a high-energetic diet and the continued feeding of such a diet induced digestive and metabolic adaptations in non-pregnant, non-lactating cows characterised by a progressing positive energy balance.}},
  author       = {{Dänicke, Sven and Meyer, Ulrich and Winkler, Janine and Schulz, Kirsten and Ulrich, Sebastian and Frahm, Jana and Kersten, Susanne and Rehage, Jürgen and Breves, Gerhard and Häußler, Susanne and Sauerwein, Helga and Locher, Lena}},
  booktitle    = {{Archives of Animal Nutrition}},
  issn         = {{1477-2817}},
  keywords     = {{blood chemistry, dairy cows, endotoxins, energy balance, energy content, rumen fermentation}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{460--477}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor & Francis}},
  title        = {{{Description of a bovine model for studying digestive and metabolic effects of a positive energy balance not biased by lactation or gravidity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/1745039x.2014.973243}},
  volume       = {{68}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}