@misc{11745,
  abstract     = {{Background: Data capture is one of the most expensive phases during the conduct of a clinical trial and the increasing use of electronic health records (EHR) offers significant savings to clinical research. To facilitate these secondary uses of routinely collected patient data, it is beneficial to know what data elements are captured in clinical trials. Therefore our aim here is to determine the most commonly used data elements in clinical trials and their availability in hospital EHR systems.

Methods: Case report forms for 23 clinical trials in differing disease areas were analyzed. Through an iterative and consensus-based process of medical informatics professionals from academia and trial experts from the European pharmaceutical industry, data elements were compiled for all disease areas and with special focus on the reporting of adverse events. Afterwards, data elements were identified and statistics acquired from hospital sites providing data to the EHR4CR project.

Results: The analysis identified 133 unique data elements. Fifty elements were congruent with a published data inventory for patient recruitment and 83 new elements were identified for clinical trial execution, including adverse event reporting. Demographic and laboratory elements lead the list of available elements in hospitals EHR systems. For the reporting of serious adverse events only very few elements could be identified in the patient records.

Conclusions: Common data elements in clinical trials have been identified and their availability in hospital systems elucidated. Several elements, often those related to reimbursement, are frequently available whereas more specialized elements are ranked at the bottom of the data inventory list. Hospitals that want to obtain the benefits of reusing data for research from their EHR are now able to prioritize their efforts based on this common data element list.}},
  author       = {{Bruland, Philipp and McGilchrist, Mark and Zapletal, Eric and Acosta, Dionisio and Proeve, Johann and Askin, Scott and Ganslandt, Thomas and Doods, Justin and Dugas, Martin}},
  booktitle    = {{BMC Medical Research Methodology}},
  issn         = {{1471-2288}},
  keywords     = {{Clinical trials, Common data elements, Data quality, Electronic health records, Metadata, Secondary use}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Common data elements for secondary use of electronic health record data for clinical trial execution and serious adverse event reporting}}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/s12874-016-0259-3}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@book{4336,
  abstract     = {{Prolonged life expectancy along with the increasing complexity of medicine and health services raises health costs worldwide dramatically. Whilst the smart health concept has much potential to support the concept of the emerging P4-medicine (preventive, participatory, predictive, and personalized), such high-tech medicine produces large amounts of high-dimensional, weakly-structured data sets and massive amounts of unstructured information. All these technological approaches along with “big data” are turning the medical sciences into a data-intensive science. To keep pace with the growing amounts of complex data, smart hospital approaches are a commandment of the future, necessitating context aware computing along with advanced interaction paradigms in new physical-digital ecosystems.

The very successful synergistic combination of methodologies and approaches from Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) offers ideal conditions for the vision to support human intelligence with machine learning.

The papers selected for this volume focus on hot topics in smart health; they discuss open problems and future challenges in order to provide a research agenda to stimulate further research and progress.}},
  editor       = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Röcker, Carsten and Ziefle, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-319-16225-6}},
  issn         = {{1611-3349}},
  keywords     = {{HCI, ambient assisted living, big data, computational intelligence, context awareness, data centric medicine, decision support, interactive data mining, keyword detection, knoweldge bases, knoweldge discovery, machine learning, medical decision support, medical informatics, natural language processing, pervasive health, smart home, ubiquitous computing, visualization, wearable sensors}},
  pages        = {{275}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Smart Health: Open Problems and Future Challenges}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-319-16226-3}},
  volume       = {{8700}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

@inbook{4338,
  abstract     = {{Prolonged life expectancy along with the increasing complexity of medicine and health services raises health costs worldwide dramatically. Advancements in ubiquitous computing applications in combination with the use of sophisticated intelligent sensor networks may provide a basis for help. Whilst the smart health concept has much potential to support the concept of the emerging P4-medicine (preventive, participatory, predictive, and personalized), such high-tech medicine produces large amounts of high-dimensional, weakly-structured data sets and massive amounts of unstructured information. All these technological approaches along with “big data” are turning the medical sciences into a data-intensive science. To keep pace with the growing amounts of complex data, smart hospital approaches are a commandment of the future, necessitating context aware computing along with advanced interaction paradigms in new physical-digital ecosystems. In such a system the medical doctors are supported by their smart mobile medical assistants on managing their floods of data semi-automatically by following the human-in-the-loop concept. At the same time patients are supported by their health assistants to facilitate a healthier life, wellness and wellbeing.}},
  author       = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Röcker, Carsten and Ziefle, Martina}},
  booktitle    = {{ Smart Health : Open Problems and Future Challenges}},
  editor       = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Röcker, Carsten and Ziefle, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-319-16225-6}},
  keywords     = {{Smart health, Smart hospital, Ubiquitous computing, Pervasive health, P4 medicine, Context awareness, Computational intelligence}},
  pages        = {{1 -- 20}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{From Smart Health to Smart Hospitals}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-319-16226-3_1}},
  volume       = {{8700}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

@inproceedings{4374,
  abstract     = {{Our goal is to develop a system for coaching human motions (e.g. rehabilitation). Such a coaching system should have several function such as motion measurement, evaluation, and feedback. Among all, this paper focuses on how to modify a user’s motion so that it gets closer to the good template of a target motion. To this end, it is important to efficiently advise the user to emulate the crucial features that define the good template. The proposed method automatically mines the crucial features of any kind of motions from a set of all motion features. The crucial features are mined based on feature sparsification through binary classification between the samples of good and other motions.}},
  author       = {{Ukita, Norimichi  and Eimon, Koki and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare }},
  editor       = {{Hein, Andreas}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-63190-011-2}},
  keywords     = {{motion coach, rehabilitation, pervasive health, ambient assisted living}},
  location     = {{Oldenburg}},
  pages        = {{223--226}},
  publisher    = {{ ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering)}},
  title        = {{{Mining Crucial Features for Automatic Rehabilitation Coaching Systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.255133}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inbook{4375,
  abstract     = {{This chapter starts with an overview of the technical innovations and societal transformation processes we have seen in the last decades and as well as the consequences those changes have for the design of pervasive healthcare systems. Based on this theoretical foundation, emerging design requirements and research challenges are outlined, which are crucial to be addressed when developing future health technologies.}},
  author       = {{Röcker, Carsten and Ziefle, Martina and Holzinger, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{Pervasive Health}},
  editor       = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Ziefle, Martina and Röcker, Carsten}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-4471-6412-8}},
  issn         = {{1571-5035}},
  keywords     = {{Pervasive health, Ambient assisted living, E-Health, Trends, Research challenges, Design requirements}},
  pages        = {{1 -- 17}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{From Computer Innovation to Human Integration: Current Trends and Challenges for Pervasive Health Technologies}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-1-4471-6413-5_1}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{4377,
  abstract     = {{Within the last years the concept of trust has attracted increased attention in the field of smart home environments. However, little is known about what determines trustworthiness in this context. For this reason the objective was to examine mental models in terms of anthropomorphic perception of smart home environments and its relation to trustworthiness. Two studies (N=36) were carried out in the Future Care Lab, a simulated intelligent home environment. We used the teach-back method to help participants to talk about the smart home environment technology and asked to generate a metaphor of an experienced home-monitoring scenario. Finally, we applied linguistic analysis of responses to detect anthropomorphic characteristics. In general, results demonstrate inspiring metaphors related to the personal assistance system, e.g. "like an airbag…" or "like a family member…", which might be useful for future interface designs and approaches of communication in the context of smart home environments. However, no relation of anthropomorphism and trustworthiness could be found. Therefore, we suggest an anthropomorphic threshold, which should be investigated by using an improved method and trust scale.}},
  author       = {{Sack, Oliver and Röcker, Carsten}},
  issn         = {{2368-6103}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Virtual Worlds and Human Computer Interaction}},
  keywords     = {{Smart environment, e-health, user study, mental model, anthropomorphism, metaphor, technology acceptance, trust, evaluation}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{28 -- 36}},
  publisher    = {{ Avestia Publishing, International ASET Inc. }},
  title        = {{{“Like a Family Member Who Takes Care of Me” – Users’ Anthropomorphic Representations and Trustworthiness of Smart Home Environments}}},
  doi          = {{10.11159/vwhci.2014.004}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{4384,
  abstract     = {{The number of elderly people requiring long-term care is rising every year. In this context, intelligent environments are often cited as a promising solution for providing personalized medical support in domestic spaces. This paper provides an overview over the most influential approaches in the area of intelligent environments and discusses the problems that might arise through computer-supported care concepts.}},
  author       = {{Röcker, Carsten}},
  issn         = {{2010-0248 }},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology : IJIMT}},
  keywords     = {{Intelligent environments, ambient assisted living, e-health, user-centered design.}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{76 -- 79}},
  publisher    = {{International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology Press }},
  title        = {{{Intelligent Environments as a Promising Solution for Addressing Current Demographic Changes}}},
  doi          = {{10.7763/IJIMT.2013.V4.361 }},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@inproceedings{4386,
  abstract     = {{This paper illustrates the development of the roomXT system, a mixed reality communication system for the home domain. RoomXT virtually extends a user's physical environment by providing a “life-like” communication channel for informal and spontaneous interactions. We use a wall-sized display together with head-tracking and 3D rendering to achieve visual contiguity between the real and a virtual environment. As one possible application of this system, we set up a remote dining situation for two users. The dinner table is visually extended into the virtual environment in which a live video stream of the dining partner is shown. Great care was taken in regard to the aesthetic and device-free integration into the living room. First impressions of potential users support the validity of our design decisions.}},
  author       = {{Heidrich, Felix and Kasugai, Kai and Röcker, Carsten and Russell, Peter and Ziefle, Martina}},
  booktitle    = {{6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth)}},
  keywords     = {{pervasive health, ambient assisted living, video, communication, user-centered design}},
  location     = {{San Diego, CA, USA }},
  pages        = {{211 -- 214}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{roomXT: Advanced Video Communication for Joint Dining over a Distance}}},
  doi          = {{10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2012.248679}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@article{4390,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, we have seen an explosion of wellness interventions and technology applications focused on human's wellness with the intention of helping people avoid needing medical care. Given the increasing emergence of wellness applications, there is a need to integrate existing diverse research endeavors and discuss key challenges and opportunities for next generation wellness interventions and applications. We therefore conducted a workshop that brought together researchers and practitioners in the wellness field to develop a shared understanding of existing approaches and findings around the wellness interventions and applications and identify key synergies, opportunities, and challenges for future research that lead to successful wellbeing.}},
  author       = {{Meyer, Jochen and Boll, Susanne and S. Lee, Young and Mayora, Oscar and Siek, Katie and Röcker, Carsten}},
  issn         = {{2158-8813}},
  journal      = {{ACM SIGHIT Record}},
  keywords     = {{Wellness, interventions, applications, health promotion, preventive care, informatics}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{51 -- 55}},
  publisher    = {{ACM}},
  title        = {{{Wellness interventions and HCI: theory, practice, and technology}}},
  doi          = {{10.1145/2384556.2384564}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@inproceedings{4496,
  abstract     = {{While pervasive healthcare systems bear the potential to provide patients with a new quality of medical homecare, the complexity of such systems raises fundamental questions of behavior, communication and technology acceptance. This is especially important, as users of future healthcare systems will be increasingly characterized by diversity. Relying only on highly experienced and technology-prone user groups, which might have been typical users in the last decades, is not sufficient anymore. Rather, elderly users, users with a completely different upbringing and domain knowledge, and ill or handicapped people will have to use the systems. Today, the understanding, in which way physical, emotional and cognitive abilities, caused by individual learning histories and health states, may impact the usage and acceptance of pervasive healthcare technologies, is restricted. This research contributes to this topic by investigating the acceptance motives of aged users with different health states regarding three different implementation concepts for medical technologies: medical technology implemented in mobile devices, smart environments and smart clothing. Using the questionnaire method, a total of 82 users between 40 and 92 years of age were examined regarding their usage motives and barriers with respect to the different technology concepts. Overall, it was revealed that acceptance issues and users' needs and wants should be considered in order to successfully design new medical technologies.}},
  author       = {{Ziefle, Martina and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth’10), Munich, Germany, March 22-25, CD-ROM}},
  keywords     = {{Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, AmbientAssisted Living, Technology Acceptance, Health Study}},
  location     = {{München, Germany}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Acceptance of Pervasive Healthcare Systems: A Comparison of Different Implementation Concepts}}},
  doi          = {{10.4108/ICST.PERVASIVEHEALTH2010.8915}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}