@article{4899,
  abstract     = {{The real and effective ground of all new concepts dedicated to the current advanced factories, as well as to the future digital ones, is close cooperativity of scattered applications in highly heterogeneous systems. Communication is the key enabling component, and all new approaches are inspired in practice to the demanding characteristics of industrial networks. These kinds of computer networks, together with new technologies derived from distant application fields, are the main technological means to accelerate the fast evolution of modern factory systems. Due to various communication requirements coming from the plurality of structures, components and application contexts, communication subsystems must be increasingly heterogeneous. Let us say clearly: this evolution cannot be stopped at this stage, no special universal solution is possible, and thinking about monogamous networking is a kind of dreamland. This paper is an analysis of the state of the art in the matter of heterogeneous networking in industry. It deeply investigates both wired and wireless technologies from the point of view of technological aspects and relevant key performance indicators, such as those related to dependability, and it contains a prospective estimation of future trends.}},
  author       = {{Scanzio, Stefano and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Gaj, Piotr}},
  issn         = {{0166-3615}},
  journal      = {{Journal Computers in Industry}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial networks, Heterogeneity, Dependability, Interoperability, Real-time, Reliability, Ethernet, Wireless, Wi-Fi, WSAN, SDN, TSN, 5G, CPS, IIoT, I4.0}},
  number       = {{Febr. 2021}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Heterogeneous and Dependable Networks in Industry - a Survey}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.compind.2020.103388}},
  volume       = {{125}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{12826,
  abstract     = {{The configuration of current automated production systems is complex and therefore time consuming while the market demands an easy setup and adaptability due to smaller batch sizes and volatile markets. While there are different concepts in research on how to simplify the engineering process by using generic skills or capabilities of devices, run-time control is still achieved with proprietary communication protocols and commands. The concept in this paper uses skills not only in the phase of engineering but also consequently for direct and generic control of field-devices. An executable skill-metamodel therefore describes the methodological functionality which is implemented by using OPC UA due to its vendor independence as well as built-in services and information model. The implementation uses client/server-based OPC UA and the pub/sub pattern to prepare for a deterministic real-time control in conjunction with TSN, which is required by industrial automation.}},
  author       = {{Zimmermann, Patrick and Axmann, Etienne and Brandenbourger, Benjamin and Dorofeev, Kirill and Mankowski, Andre and Zanini, Paulo}},
  booktitle    = {{24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-7281-0303-7}},
  issn         = {{1946-0759}},
  keywords     = {{OPC UA, Skills, Capabilities, Engineering, Field-Device, Interoperability, Control}},
  location     = {{Zaragoza, SPAIN}},
  pages        = {{1101--1108}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{11561,
  abstract     = {{CDISC's Operational Data Model (ODM) is a flexible standard for exchanging and archiving metadata and subject clinical data in clinical trials. The Portal of Medical Data Models (MDM-Portal) uses ODM to store more than 15000 medical forms. As not every electronic health system accepts ODM as input format, there is a need for conversion between ODM and other data standards and formats. This research proposes a standardised template-based process to develop ODM converters. So far, ten converters have been developed and integrated in the MDM-Portal following this process and new ones should be included soon. The template, programming utilities and an ODM test suite have been made online available and can be used to easily develop new converters.}},
  author       = {{Soto-Rey, I and Neuhaus, P and Bruland, Philipp and Geßner, S and Varghese, J and Hegselmann, S and Brix, T and Dugas, M and Storck, M}},
  issn         = {{1879-8365}},
  journal      = {{Stud Health Technol Inform}},
  keywords     = {{CDISC ODM, Semantics, interoperability}},
  pages        = {{231--235}},
  title        = {{{Standardising the Development of ODM Converters: The ODMToolBox.}}},
  volume       = {{247}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@misc{11746,
  abstract     = {{Objectives: Integrating Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems into the field of clinical trials still contains several challenges and obstacles. Heterogeneous standards and specifications are used to represent healthcare and clinical trial information. Therefore, this work investigates the mapping and data interoperability between healthcare and research standards: EN13606 used for the EHRs and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium Operational Data Model (CDISC ODM) used for clinical research.

Methods: Based on the specifications of CDISC ODM 1.3.2 and EN13606, a mapping between the structure and components of both standards has been performed. Archetype Definition Language (ADL) forms built with the EN13606 editor were transformed to ODM XML and reviewed. As a proof of concept, clinical sample data has been transformed into ODM and imported into an electronic data capture system. Reverse transformation from ODM to ADL has also been performed and finally reviewed concerning map-ability.

Results: The mapping between EN13606 and CDISC ODM shows the similarities and differences between the components and overall record structure of the two standards. An EN13606 archetype corresponds with a group of items within CDISC ODM. Transformations of element names, descriptions, different languages, datatypes, cardinality, optionality, units, value range and terminology codes are possible from EN13606 to CDISC ODM and vice versa.

Conclusion: It is feasible to map data elements between EN13606 and CDISC ODM and transformation of forms between ADL and ODM XML format is possible with only minor limitations. EN13606 can accommodate clinical information in a more structured manner with more constraints, whereas CDISC ODM is more suitable and specific for clinical trials and studies. It is feasible to transform EHR data in the EN13606 form to ODM to transfer it into research database. The attempt to use EN13606 to build a study protocol (that was already built with CDISC ODM) also suggests the possibility of using EN13606 standard in place of CDISC ODM if needed to avoid transformations.}},
  author       = {{Tapuria, Archana and Bruland, Philipp and Delaney, Brendan and Kalra, Dipak and Curcin, Vasa}},
  booktitle    = {{Digital health}},
  issn         = {{2055-2076}},
  keywords     = {{EN13606, Operational data model, clinical archetypes, electronic health records, interoperability.}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  title        = {{{Comparison and transformation between CDISC ODM and EN13606 EHR standards in connecting EHR data with clinical trial research data}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/2055207618777676}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}