---
_id: '12784'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'During pig slaughter, contaminants such as intestinal and stomach contents,
    bile, tubular rail fat, and reddish foam from the respiratory tract frequently
    appear on carcasses, potentially compromising meat safety. This study examined
    the impact of these contaminants on the bacterial loads of pig carcasses, using
    total bacterial counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts as hygiene indicators. Examination
    of the substances as such showed that intestinal and stomach contents were particularly
    conspicuous to undermine the carcase hygiene due to total bacterial counts of
    similar to 6.0 log10 CFU g-1 (intestinal content) and 5.5 log10 CFU g-1 (stomach
    content). Tubular rail fat showed varying contamination levels, from low (3.1
    log10 CFU g-1) to high (6.4 log10 CFU g-1). The reddish foam had moderate contamination
    (4.3 log10 CFU g-1). Enterobacteriaceae levels mirrored these results at a lower
    level. Subsequently, a comparative study analysing bacterial levels in contaminated
    and in noncontaminated pork rind regions was performed. Even small amounts of
    intestinal and stomach contents led to significant increases in total bacterial
    counts of up to 3 log10 CFU cm-(2) and in Enterobacteriaceae counts (up to 5 log10
    CFU cm-(2)). Other contaminants did not significantly raise bacterial levels:
    their total viable counts around 3.5 log10 CFU cm-(2) were similar to those of
    uncontaminated carcass areas. Nevertheless, they should be removed before further
    processing.'
article_number: ovae125
author:
- first_name: Janna
  full_name: Tholen, Janna
  id: '80924'
  last_name: Tholen
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Upmann, Matthias
  id: '12666'
  last_name: Upmann
citation:
  ama: Tholen J, Upmann M. Contribution of the main contaminating materials during
    pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses . <i>Letters in Applied Microbiology</i>.
    2024;77(12). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125">https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125</a>
  apa: Tholen, J., &#38; Upmann, M. (2024). Contribution of the main contaminating
    materials during pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses . <i>Letters
    in Applied Microbiology</i>, <i>77</i>(12), Article ovae125. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125">https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125</a>
  bjps: <b>Tholen J and Upmann M</b> (2024) Contribution of the Main Contaminating
    Materials during Pig Slaughter to the Microbial Numbers on Carcasses . <i>Letters
    in Applied Microbiology</i> <b>77</b>.
  chicago: Tholen, Janna, and Matthias Upmann. “Contribution of the Main Contaminating
    Materials during Pig Slaughter to the Microbial Numbers on Carcasses .” <i>Letters
    in Applied Microbiology</i> 77, no. 12 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125">https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125</a>.
  chicago-de: Tholen, Janna und Matthias Upmann. 2024. Contribution of the main contaminating
    materials during pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses . <i>Letters
    in Applied Microbiology</i> 77, Nr. 12. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125">https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Tholen, Janna</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Upmann, Matthias</span>: Contribution of the
    main contaminating materials during pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on
    carcasses . In: <i>Letters in Applied Microbiology</i> Bd. 77. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell
    (2024), Nr. 12'
  havard: J. Tholen, M. Upmann, Contribution of the main contaminating materials during
    pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses , Letters in Applied Microbiology.
    77 (2024).
  ieee: 'J. Tholen and M. Upmann, “Contribution of the main contaminating materials
    during pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses ,” <i>Letters in Applied
    Microbiology</i>, vol. 77, no. 12, Art. no. ovae125, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125">https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125</a>.'
  mla: Tholen, Janna, and Matthias Upmann. “Contribution of the Main Contaminating
    Materials during Pig Slaughter to the Microbial Numbers on Carcasses .” <i>Letters
    in Applied Microbiology</i>, vol. 77, no. 12, ovae125, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125">https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125</a>.
  short: J. Tholen, M. Upmann, Letters in Applied Microbiology 77 (2024).
  ufg: '<b>Tholen, Janna/Upmann, Matthias</b>: Contribution of the main contaminating
    materials during pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses , in: <i>Letters
    in Applied Microbiology</i> 77 (2024), H. 12.'
  van: Tholen J, Upmann M. Contribution of the main contaminating materials during
    pig slaughter to the microbial numbers on carcasses . Letters in Applied Microbiology.
    2024;77(12).
date_created: 2025-04-14T13:21:45Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T13:09:31Z
department:
- _id: DEP4029
doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovae125
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001379203200001'
  pmid:
  - '39657079'
intvolume: '        77'
isi: '1'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- bile
- stomach content
- intestinal content
- tubular rail fat
- carcass contamination
- slaughter hygiene
language:
- iso: eng
place: Oxford
pmid: '1'
publication: Letters in Applied Microbiology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1472-765X
  issn:
  - 0266-8254
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Contribution of the main contaminating materials during pig slaughter to the
  microbial numbers on carcasses '
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 77
year: '2024'
...