---
_id: '12761'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: For modern machines, factories and electric and autonomous vehicles, the importance
    of vreliable electrical connectors cannot be overstated. With an increasing number
    of connectors being used in machines, factories and vehicles, ensuring their reliability
    is crucial for comfort and safety alike. One of the key indicators of reliability
    is the lifetime of connectors. To evaluate the lifetime of electrical connectors,
    a testing method and a model for calculating their lifetime based on the test
    data were developed. The results from these tests were compared to failure analysis
    data from long-term field operations. The findings indicate that the laboratory
    tests can accurately reproduce the main failures observed in the field. However,
    such lifetime tests can be time- and labor-intensive. To address this challenge,
    a data-driven method is proposed that predicts the lifetime of electrical connectors
    using statistical analysis of electrical contact resistance data collected from
    short-term tests. The predictions from this method were compared to actual results
    obtained from long-term tests. A strong correlation was observed between the contact
    resistance development in short-term tests and the number of failures in later
    stages of testing. Thus, apart from predicting the lifetime of connectors, this
    method can also be applied for failure prognosis in real-time operations.
author:
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Song, Jian
  id: '5297'
  last_name: Song
- first_name: Abhay Rammurti
  full_name: Shukla, Abhay Rammurti
  id: '74188'
  last_name: Shukla
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Probst, Roman
  id: '69156'
  last_name: Probst
citation:
  ama: Song J, Shukla AR, Probst R. The State of Health of Electrical Connectors.
    <i>Machines</i>. 2024;7(12):474. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474">https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474</a>
  apa: Song, J., Shukla, A. R., &#38; Probst, R. (2024). The State of Health of Electrical
    Connectors. <i>Machines</i>, <i>7</i>(12), 474. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474">https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474</a>
  bjps: <b>Song J, Shukla AR and Probst R</b> (2024) The State of Health of Electrical
    Connectors. <i>Machines</i> <b>7</b>, 474.
  chicago: 'Song, Jian, Abhay Rammurti Shukla, and Roman Probst. “The State of Health
    of Electrical Connectors.” <i>Machines</i> 7, no. 12 (2024): 474. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474">https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Song, Jian, Abhay Rammurti Shukla und Roman Probst. 2024. The State
    of Health of Electrical Connectors. <i>Machines</i> 7, Nr. 12: 474. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474">https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Song, Jian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shukla,
    Abhay Rammurti</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Probst, Roman</span>:
    The State of Health of Electrical Connectors. In: <i>Machines</i> Bd. 7. Basel,
    MDPI (2024), Nr. 12, S. 474'
  havard: J. Song, A.R. Shukla, R. Probst, The State of Health of Electrical Connectors,
    Machines. 7 (2024) 474.
  ieee: 'J. Song, A. R. Shukla, and R. Probst, “The State of Health of Electrical
    Connectors,” <i>Machines</i>, vol. 7, no. 12, p. 474, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474">https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474</a>.'
  mla: Song, Jian, et al. “The State of Health of Electrical Connectors.” <i>Machines</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 12, 2024, p. 474, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474">https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474</a>.
  short: J. Song, A.R. Shukla, R. Probst, Machines 7 (2024) 474.
  ufg: '<b>Song, Jian/Shukla, Abhay Rammurti/Probst, Roman</b>: The State of Health
    of Electrical Connectors, in: <i>Machines</i> 7 (2024), H. 12,  S. 474.'
  van: Song J, Shukla AR, Probst R. The State of Health of Electrical Connectors.
    Machines. 2024;7(12):474.
date_created: 2025-04-04T09:23:10Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T13:03:28Z
department:
- _id: DEP6012
doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001277040200001'
intvolume: '         7'
isi: '1'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- electrical connectors
- accelerated life testing
- statistical model
- lifetime prognosis
- reliability
- state of health
language:
- iso: eng
page: '474'
place: Basel
publication: Machines
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '2075-1702 '
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The State of Health of Electrical Connectors
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 7
year: '2024'
...