@misc{12389,
  abstract     = {{Ressourcenverbrauch, CO2-Fußabdruck und Abfallaufkommen sind zentrale Themen bei der nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Bauwirtschaft. Besonders mit einem Gebäudeabbruch geht ein enormer Ressourcen- und Energieverlust einher. Diese Arbeit fokussiert den Abbruchprozess am Beispiel einer öffentlichen Verwaltung und analysiert die Möglichkeiten dieser, Kreisläufe von Bauteilen und -materialien in der lokalen Bauwirtschaft zu fördern. 
Zunächst wurde der IST-Prozess für einen Abbruch von Gebäuden am Beispiel des Kreis Lippe aufgenommen und Schwachstellen für die Wiedereinbringung von Bauteilen und -materialien identifiziert. Danach wurden Best Practice Ansätze von öffentlichen Verwaltungen in Deutschland recherchiert und anschließend dies um den europäischen Raum erweitert. Der letzte Teil der Analyse bezieht sich auf das RE-BUILD-OWL Projekt, mit welchem der Kreis Lippe plante eine Vorreiterrolle in zirkulärem Bauen einzunehmen, und wie die Projektergebnisse die Wiedereinbringung von Bauteilen und -materialien im Rückbauprozess positiv beeinflussen können. 
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich die Best Practice und die Projektergebnisse positiv auf die Schwachstellen des Abbruchprozesses auswirken können. Konkret wurden für den Kreis Lippe vier Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert. 1. Wissensaufbau: Zwar wurde deutlich, dass bei Einzelpersonen großes Fachwissen beseht, ein Austausch zwischen den Mitarbeitenden bestand jedoch nicht ausreichend. Außerdem besteht auch Bedarf an externen Schulungen geschult/ Sensibilisierung. 2. Digitalisierungsstrategie: Langfristig deutet sich im Bausektor ein Wandel zur Nutzung von Building Information Modeling ab. Es wird empfohlen, diesen Wandel im Kreis Lippe vorzubereiten, um die Mitarbeitenden in dem Wandel mitzunehmen und diese Veränderung proaktiv anzugehen. 3. Aktive lokale Marktgestaltung: Der lokale Markt lässt sich durch die Erhöhung der Nachfrage von verfügbaren Sekundärmaterialien und der Erhöhung des Angebotes von verfügbaren Sekundärmaterialien beeinflussen. Wenn zusätzlich innovative Technologien in der Region gefördert werden, lassen sich langfristig Materialkreisläufe entwickeln. 4. Baustoff- und Materialdistribution: Diese Handlungsempfehlung gilt als Teil der Erhöhung des Sekundärmaterialangebots. Um die Angebotserhöhung der Sekundärbauteile und -materialien zu bewerkstelligen, wurden zwei Optionen vorgeschlagen. Zum einen kann die Fremdleistung der Identifizierung und Distribution eingekauft werden, zum anderen ist eine interne Umsetzung mit Aufbau einer Bauteil- und Materialbörse möglich. Wichtig ist in beiden Schritten, dass vor einem Abbruch ein Audit des Gebäudes und eine Klassifizierung der Bauteile und -materialien auf Wiederverwendbarkeit durchgeführt wird. Eine mögliche Umsetzung der Veränderungen wurden in einer beispielhaften SOLL-Prozess-Darstellung skizziert. 
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen das Potenzial sowie konkrete Schritte auf, die der Kreis Lippe hat, um Bauteile und -materialien in einem Kreislauf zu behalten. Die Best Practice Analyse ist nicht spezifisch für den Kreis Lippe durchgeführt worden, weshalb die Ergebnisse zusätzlich für einen allgemein übertragbaren Erkenntnisgewinn zur Verfügung stehen. Auch andere öffentliche Verwaltungen können anhand der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit Handlungsschritte ableiten. }},
  author       = {{Steinkuhl, Anika}},
  keywords     = {{Zirkuläres Bauen, Kreislaufwirtschaft, Bauwirtschaft, Nachhaltiges Bauen, Materialkreisläufe, BIM, Building Information Modeling, construction industry, circular economy, sustainability, sustainable construction, circular construction, material cycles}},
  pages        = {{80}},
  publisher    = {{Hochschule Bielefeld}},
  title        = {{{Entwicklung strategischer Handlungsempfehlungen für die Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft beim Rückbau öffentlicher Gebäude}}},
  doi          = {{10.25644/rs7s-yc91}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{9204,
  abstract     = {{The development of autonomous vehicles and the integration of new information and communication technologies are making the reliability of electrical systems and components in modern vehicles increasingly important. Electrical connectors are a crucial component in an electrical on-board system. They are exposed to a wide variety of influences by the environment and operating conditions. Thus, the degradation of electrical connectors can occur. Material and surface analysis methods are the tools used to analyze the degradation mechanisms in connectors after lifetime tests, as well as in field operations. Within the framework of this study, a wide variety of methods from the analytical scope are presented and discussed. The connector surfaces degraded by different failure mechanisms are analyzed using various material and surface analysis methods. The quality and the nature of the analyses results obtained from various analysis methods are compared. Also, this study deals with the benefits and limitations, as well as the effort and the specific challenges of different material and surface analytical methods for the evaluation of failure mechanisms from the point of view of a material and surface analyst.}},
  author       = {{Kolmer, Philipp and Shukla, Abhay Rammurti and Song, Jian}},
  booktitle    = {{Technologies : open access journal}},
  issn         = {{2227-7080 }},
  keywords     = {{electrical connector, failure modes, wear, fretting corrosion, analysis, material, method}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{124}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Methods of Material and Surface Analysis for the Evaluation of Failure Modes for Electrical Connectors}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10060124}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@techreport{2184,
  abstract     = {{Material flows and energy flows can be correlated with sufficient data, e.g. on production energies, annual production quantities and degrees of dissipation with temperature increases in the atmosphere, volumes of molten ice or sea level increases, as well as with probability statements, information densities and management recommendations. All these quantities can be described by the comprehensive term entropy.
In order to consider the efficiency of material and energy flows, the difficulty to understand the concept of entropy with its different definitions can be summarized simply and easily in a model related to ice cubes.
The quality of a model containing percentage probability statements, statements on dissipation in material flow models in connection with statements on information density and its description by the ice cube model is still to be determined in practice in suitable material flow models. Such projects should show the types of mathematical correlations between dissipation degrees, entropy increase, increase of molten ice and sea level rise.
}},
  author       = {{Sietz, Manfred and Wrenger, Burkhard}},
  keywords     = {{Entropy, Ice Cube, Sustainability, Sea Level Rise, Information Density, Probability Statements, Material Flow Model, Dissipation}},
  title        = {{{Entropie eines Eiswürfels, Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen und Meeresspiegelerhöhung}}},
  doi          = {{10.25644/76E5-PC61}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@phdthesis{4919,
  abstract     = {{AbstractThe industrial production ofwood-based compo-sites (WBCs) features the core processes in theforming and press line,which are characterisedby densification and the curing of resin-blended furnish materialto obtain a panel from a formed mat in a continuous or batch-wise process.Here, the reliable measurement of process parameters and panel properties is indispensablefor moni-toring and controllingproductionand quality.The in-plane area density(𝜌A)of the mat and the raw density(𝜌)of the panel,along withits vertical rawdensity  profile  (RDP),aretypically determined through nondestructivemeans of radiometric de-vices.X-ray  systems  for  density  measurement on  WBCsare commonly  usedin both industry and research. Theyfollow a similar basic princi-pleof radiation transmissionwith specificsetups depending  onthe  measuring  taskat  hand.  De-tector  signalsare  evaluated  regarding relative radiation  transmission,  which  is  well-knownto followBeer’s  law  of  exponential  attenuation.Note here, particular conditions regarding radia-tion  (energyand  beam  geometry)  and  material properties  (consistent  and  homogeneous)  are expected. These conditions, however, cannot be consistently  achieved  in  applied  radiometric  in-vestigationson  WBCs [...]}},
  author       = {{Solbrig, Konrad}},
  keywords     = {{density measurement, radiation transmission, porous low-Z composite material, true density, elemental composition and ash content, effective atomic number, mass attenuation coefficient, X-ray energy spectrum, law of attenuation, beam hardening and radiation build-up, radiation-physical interdependencies, Dichtemessung, Durchstrahlung, poröser Verbundwerkstoff, Reindichte, elementare Zusammensetzung und Aschegehalt, effektive Ordnungszahl, Massenschwächungskoeffizient, Röntgenspektrum, Schwächungsgesetz, Strahlaufhärtung und Strahlungsaufbau, strahlungsphysikalische Wechselbeziehungen}},
  pages        = {{453}},
  publisher    = {{Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky }},
  title        = {{{Applied Investigations on Wood-Based Composites in the Context of X-Ray Densitometry}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@misc{549,
  author       = {{Springer, André and Nothdurft, Sarah and Lahdo, Rabi and Seffer, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{8th International Conference on Production Engineering and Management}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{Dissimilar metal joints, Laser processes, Multi-material components}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  publisher    = {{Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}},
  title        = {{{Dissimilar Metal Joints - Laser Based Manufacturing Processes for Components of Tomorrow}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{553,
  abstract     = {{Selective laser melting is a powder bed fusion technology that uses a laser as an energy source in order to directly build fullydensemetal parts. Optimal fabrication requires a comprehensiveunderstanding of the main processing,as it affectsthe part quality.  Wherefore, the objective of this paper is to perform a survey, data checking and collecting ofprovided parameters to compare and contextualize it versus the respective values used in the processby the research studies. The work is focused on cobalt-chromium alloys (CoCr) which are widely used in dental and medical applications. This work focusesonsurfacequality and hardness as built and after the post-processes. As well, the approaches in bond strength after post-processing are considered, comparing the results made by different manufacturing techniques. Finally, this work compares results acquired in surface roughness asbuilt, and tensile strength of parts made by selective laser melting versus the traditional technique cast, before and after heat treatment.}},
  author       = {{Silva Gimenes Gandara, Joyce and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, Material properties, Part properties, Process parameters}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{57--69}},
  title        = {{{Selective Laser Melting - CoCr Approach: Analysis of Manufacturer Parameters Versus Research Results}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{586,
  abstract     = {{Under the circumstance of advanced globalization, it is increasingly difficult for production companies to remain competitiveness. Many of them are forced to restrict budget and reduce production costs. In addition, the customization of product increases continuously. This results in extension of product variation and reduction of product life cycle. Therefore, the companies need a high flexibility to respond quickly to changes in the market and to customer requirements. Lean thinking, as a powerful tool, has been implemented by many companies in production and manufacturing. In order to avoid waste in lean manufacturing, it is necessary to manage efficiently the material flow. In this study, for a lean material handling system in the lean manufacturing of a company, an in-plant milk-run distribution system is taken into consideration. The system consistsof vehicles, which move periodically in certain routes. The materials are delivered in short intervals from a central storage area to several points of use in the production. By using milk-run in plant, the material handling processes can be standardized and therefore the waste can be eliminated. One additional aim of the study with milk-run distribution for the material provision is to minimize the handling time, which determines directly the personal costs. In order to realize the aim, the work has beendivided into several steps. At first, the production processes, especially the material provision for the production have been analyzed. Secondly, the technological solutions have been analyzed in order to handle different loading units required by different machines in the production. Thirdly, the milk-run distribution for lean production is formulated as an optimization problem with the object of minimizing the number of vehicles and the distance traveled under the constraints of specific time periods, capacity of vehicle and related stations etc. Fourthly, two optimization methods are developed in order to find the optimal solution for the milk-run problem and the performance of different methods is also compared.}},
  author       = {{Li, Li and Schulze, L.}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-00-9}},
  keywords     = {{Milk-Run, Material provision, Lean production, Genetic algorithm}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{65--76}},
  title        = {{{In-Plant Milk-Run Distribution for Material Provision Optimization in Lean Production}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}