---
_id: '12942'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The ectoparasite Ixodes ricinus is an important vector for many tick-borne
    diseases (TBD) in the northern hemisphere, such as Lyme borreliosis, rickettsiosis,
    human granulocytic anaplasmosis, or tick-borne encephalitis virus. As climate
    change will lead to rising temperatures in the next years, we expect an increase
    in tick activity, tick population, and thus in the spread of TBD. Consequently,
    it has never been more critical to understand relationships within the microbial
    communities in ticks that might contribute to the tick’s fitness and the occurrence
    of TBD. Therefore, we analyzed the microbiota in different tick tissues such as
    midgut, salivary glands, and residual tick material, as well as the microbiota
    in complete Ixodes ricinus ticks using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. By using
    a newly developed DNA extraction protocol for tick tissue samples and a self-designed
    mock community, we were able to detect endosymbionts and pathogens that have been
    described in the literature previously. Further, this study displayed the usefulness
    of including a mock community during bioinformatic analysis to identify essential
    bacteria within the tick.
article_number: '1100'
author:
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Wiesinger, Anna
  last_name: Wiesinger
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Stephanie
  full_name: Hiereth, Stephanie
  last_name: Hiereth
- first_name: Lidia
  full_name: Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia
  last_name: Chitimia-Dobler
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: 'Wiesinger A, Wenderlein J, Ulrich S, Hiereth S, Chitimia-Dobler L, Straubinger
    RK. Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota
    of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks. <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i>.
    2023;24(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100">10.3390/ijms24021100</a>'
  apa: 'Wiesinger, A., Wenderlein, J., Ulrich, S., Hiereth, S., Chitimia-Dobler, L.,
    &#38; Straubinger, R. K. (2023). Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into
    Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks. <i>International
    Journal of Molecular Sciences</i>, <i>24</i>(2), Article 1100. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Wiesinger A <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights
    into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes Ricinus Ticks. <i>International
    Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> <b>24</b>.'
  chicago: 'Wiesinger, Anna, Jasmin Wenderlein, Sebastian Ulrich, Stephanie Hiereth,
    Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, and Reinhard K. Straubinger. “Revealing the Tick Microbiome:
    Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes Ricinus Ticks.”
    <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> 24, no. 2 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Wiesinger, Anna, Jasmin Wenderlein, Sebastian Ulrich, Stephanie Hiereth,
    Lidia Chitimia-Dobler und Reinhard K. Straubinger. 2023. Revealing the Tick Microbiome:
    Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks.
    <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> 24, Nr. 2. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100">10.3390/ijms24021100</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wiesinger, Anna</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hiereth, Stephanie</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span>: Revealing the
    Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female
    Ixodes ricinus Ticks. In: <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> Bd.
    24. Basel, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 2'
  havard: 'A. Wiesinger, J. Wenderlein, S. Ulrich, S. Hiereth, L. Chitimia-Dobler,
    R.K. Straubinger, Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut and Salivary
    Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks, International Journal of Molecular
    Sciences. 24 (2023).'
  ieee: 'A. Wiesinger, J. Wenderlein, S. Ulrich, S. Hiereth, L. Chitimia-Dobler, and
    R. K. Straubinger, “Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut and Salivary
    Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks,” <i>International Journal of
    Molecular Sciences</i>, vol. 24, no. 2, Art. no. 1100, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100">10.3390/ijms24021100</a>.'
  mla: 'Wiesinger, Anna, et al. “Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut
    and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes Ricinus Ticks.” <i>International
    Journal of Molecular Sciences</i>, vol. 24, no. 2, 1100, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100</a>.'
  short: A. Wiesinger, J. Wenderlein, S. Ulrich, S. Hiereth, L. Chitimia-Dobler, R.K.
    Straubinger, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (2023).
  ufg: '<b>Wiesinger, Anna u. a.</b>: Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into
    Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks, in: <i>International
    Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> 24 (2023), H. 2.'
  van: 'Wiesinger A, Wenderlein J, Ulrich S, Hiereth S, Chitimia-Dobler L, Straubinger
    RK. Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota
    of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(2).'
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:53:01Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T09:25:29Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ijms24021100
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        24'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Ixodes ricinus
- microbiome
- tick-borne disease
- salivary glands
- midgut
- endosymbiont
- Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1422-0067
  issn:
  - 1661-6596
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Revealing the Tick Microbiome: Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota
  of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 24
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12943'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Brown trout (Salmo trutta) is an important aquaculture species in Germany,
    but its production faces challenges due to global warming and a high embryo mortality.
    Climate factors might influence the fish’s bacterial community (BC) and thus increase
    embryo mortality. Yet, knowledge of the physiological BC during ontogeny in general
    is scarce. In this project, the BC of brown trout has been investigated in a period
    from unfertilized egg to 95 days post fertilization (dpf) using 16S rRNA gene
    amplicon sequencing. Developmental changes differed between early and late ontogeny
    and major differences in BC occurred especially during early developmental stages.
    Thus, analysis was conducted separately for 0 to 67 dpf and from 67 to 95 dpf.
    All analyzed stages were sampled in toto to avoid bias due to different sampling
    methods in different developmental stages. The most abundant phylum in the BC
    of all developmental stages was Pseudomonadota, while only two families (Comamonadaceae
    and Moraxellaceae) occurred in all developmental stages. The early developmental
    stages until 67 dpf displayed greater shifts in their BC regarding bacterial richness,
    microbial diversity, and taxonomic composition. Thereafter, in the fry stages,
    the BC seemed to stabilize and changes were moderate. In future studies, a reduction
    in the sampling time frames during early development, an increase in sampling
    numbers, and an attempt for biological reproduction in order to characterize the
    causes of these variations is recommended.
article_number: '211'
author:
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Keiz, Katharina
  last_name: Keiz
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Keferloher, Patrick
  last_name: Keferloher
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Wiesinger, Anna
  last_name: Wiesinger
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Neuhaus, Klaus
  last_name: Neuhaus
- first_name: Ilias
  full_name: Lagkouvardos, Ilias
  last_name: Lagkouvardos
- first_name: Helmut
  full_name: Wedekind, Helmut
  last_name: Wedekind
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: 'Keiz K, Ulrich S, Wenderlein J, et al. The Development of the Bacterial Community
    of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Ontogeny. <i>Microorganisms : open access
    journal </i>. 2023;11(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211">10.3390/microorganisms11010211</a>'
  apa: 'Keiz, K., Ulrich, S., Wenderlein, J., Keferloher, P., Wiesinger, A., Neuhaus,
    K., Lagkouvardos, I., Wedekind, H., &#38; Straubinger, R. K. (2023). The Development
    of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Ontogeny. <i>Microorganisms :
    Open Access Journal </i>, <i>11</i>(1), Article 211. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211">https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Keiz K <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) The Development of the Bacterial Community
    of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) during Ontogeny. <i>Microorganisms : open access
    journal </i> <b>11</b>.'
  chicago: 'Keiz, Katharina, Sebastian Ulrich, Jasmin Wenderlein, Patrick Keferloher,
    Anna Wiesinger, Klaus Neuhaus, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Helmut Wedekind, and Reinhard
    K. Straubinger. “The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (Salmo
    Trutta) during Ontogeny.” <i>Microorganisms : Open Access Journal </i> 11, no.
    1 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211">https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Keiz, Katharina, Sebastian Ulrich, Jasmin Wenderlein, Patrick Keferloher,
    Anna Wiesinger, Klaus Neuhaus, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Helmut Wedekind und Reinhard
    K. Straubinger. 2023. The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout
    (Salmo trutta) during Ontogeny. <i>Microorganisms : open access journal </i> 11,
    Nr. 1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211">10.3390/microorganisms11010211</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Keiz,
    Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Keferloher,
    Patrick</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wiesinger, Anna</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Neuhaus, Klaus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lagkouvardos,
    Ilias</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wedekind, Helmut</span>
    ; u. a.</span>: The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (Salmo
    trutta) during Ontogeny. In: <i>Microorganisms : open access journal </i> Bd.
    11. Basel, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 1'
  havard: 'K. Keiz, S. Ulrich, J. Wenderlein, P. Keferloher, A. Wiesinger, K. Neuhaus,
    I. Lagkouvardos, H. Wedekind, R.K. Straubinger, The Development of the Bacterial
    Community of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Ontogeny, Microorganisms : Open
    Access Journal . 11 (2023).'
  ieee: 'K. Keiz <i>et al.</i>, “The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown
    Trout (Salmo trutta) during Ontogeny,” <i>Microorganisms : open access journal
    </i>, vol. 11, no. 1, Art. no. 211, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211">10.3390/microorganisms11010211</a>.'
  mla: 'Keiz, Katharina, et al. “The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown
    Trout (Salmo Trutta) during Ontogeny.” <i>Microorganisms : Open Access Journal
    </i>, vol. 11, no. 1, 211, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211">https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010211</a>.'
  short: 'K. Keiz, S. Ulrich, J. Wenderlein, P. Keferloher, A. Wiesinger, K. Neuhaus,
    I. Lagkouvardos, H. Wedekind, R.K. Straubinger, Microorganisms : Open Access Journal  11
    (2023).'
  ufg: '<b>Keiz, Katharina u. a.</b>: The Development of the Bacterial Community of
    Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Ontogeny, in: <i>Microorganisms : open access
    journal </i> 11 (2023), H. 1.'
  van: 'Keiz K, Ulrich S, Wenderlein J, Keferloher P, Wiesinger A, Neuhaus K, et al.
    The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during
    Ontogeny. Microorganisms : open access journal . 2023;11(1).'
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:53:31Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T11:09:43Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11010211
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- fish
- brown trout
- Salmo trutta
- development
- ontogeny
- microbiome
- bacterial community
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: 'Microorganisms : open access journal '
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2076-2607
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during
  Ontogeny
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12950'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The composition of the microbiome is subject to the host’s diet. In commercial
    laboratory mouse diets, different physical forms of the same diets are available,
    containing—according to their labels—identical ingredients and nutrient compositions.
    However, variations in nutrient composition and starch gelatinization due to production
    processes and their impact on digestibility have been described. In this study,
    a total of 48 C57BL/J6 mice were assigned to two equal groups and were fed diets
    (produced with different processes—extruded vs. pelleted) for eight weeks in two
    biological replicates. At the end of the experiment, samples were collected from
    five different gastrointestinal regions, including the stomach, small intestine,
    cecum, large intestine, and an extracorporeal region (feces), and the microbiome
    was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The replicates in both experiments
    differed significantly in their relative abundances of Muribaculaceae species.
    Furthermore, the gastrointestinal content of pellet-fed mice contained larger
    numbers of Lactobacillus species. These results indicate that starch gelatinization
    and ingredient composition significantly influence microbial makeup. In conclusion,
    different feed processing methods may affect fundamental digestive and metabolic
    processes, impacting animal experiments and biasing microbiome data.
article_number: '862'
author:
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Linda F.
  full_name: Böswald, Linda F.
  last_name: Böswald
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Ellen
  full_name: Kienzle, Ellen
  last_name: Kienzle
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Neuhaus, Klaus
  last_name: Neuhaus
- first_name: Ilias
  full_name: Lagkouvardos, Ilias
  last_name: Lagkouvardos
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Zenner, Christian
  last_name: Zenner
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: Wenderlein J, Böswald LF, Ulrich S, et al. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. <i>Animals</i>. 2021;11(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">10.3390/ani11030862</a>
  apa: Wenderlein, J., Böswald, L. F., Ulrich, S., Kienzle, E., Neuhaus, K., Lagkouvardos,
    I., Zenner, C., &#38; Straubinger, R. K. (2021). Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. <i>Animals</i>, <i>11</i>(3), Article 862.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862</a>
  bjps: <b>Wenderlein J <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. <i>Animals</i> <b>11</b>.
  chicago: Wenderlein, Jasmin, Linda F. Böswald, Sebastian Ulrich, Ellen Kienzle,
    Klaus Neuhaus, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Christian Zenner, and Reinhard K. Straubinger.
    “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome.”
    <i>Animals</i> 11, no. 3 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862</a>.
  chicago-de: Wenderlein, Jasmin, Linda F. Böswald, Sebastian Ulrich, Ellen Kienzle,
    Klaus Neuhaus, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Christian Zenner und Reinhard K. Straubinger.
    2021. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome.
    <i>Animals</i> 11, Nr. 3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">10.3390/ani11030862</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Böswald, Linda F.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kienzle, Ellen</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Neuhaus, Klaus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lagkouvardos,
    Ilias</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zenner, Christian</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span>: Processing
    Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. In: <i>Animals</i>
    Bd. 11. Basel, MDPI AG (2021), Nr. 3'
  havard: J. Wenderlein, L.F. Böswald, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, K. Neuhaus, I. Lagkouvardos,
    C. Zenner, R.K. Straubinger, Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome, Animals. 11 (2021).
  ieee: 'J. Wenderlein <i>et al.</i>, “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome,” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, Art. no. 862, 2021,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">10.3390/ani11030862</a>.'
  mla: Wenderlein, Jasmin, et al. “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome.” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, 862, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862</a>.
  short: J. Wenderlein, L.F. Böswald, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, K. Neuhaus, I. Lagkouvardos,
    C. Zenner, R.K. Straubinger, Animals 11 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Wenderlein, Jasmin u. a.</b>: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome, in: <i>Animals</i> 11 (2021), H. 3.'
  van: Wenderlein J, Böswald LF, Ulrich S, Kienzle E, Neuhaus K, Lagkouvardos I, et
    al. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome.
    Animals. 2021;11(3).
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:58:59Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T12:07:21Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ani11030862
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- feed processing
- starch gelatinization
- laboratory mouse
- diet
- intestinal microbiome
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Animals
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2076-2615
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2021'
...