---
_id: '13675'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper extends a previously developed biobjective Mixed-Integer Linear
    Programming (MILP) methodology for reducing electricity costs and CO2 emissions
    in Smart-E-Factory applications. While the earlier approach assumed fixed photovoltaic
    (PV) and battery capacities, we now propose a cascaded optimization framework
    to determine the optimal sizing (power rating and orientation of the PV system,
    battery capacity) while simultaneously optimizing battery dispatch. The cost function
    combines operational costs with amortized investment costs of both PV and battery
    systems, embedded in a dynamic scheduling optimization that addresses real-time
    electricity price and CO2 signals. Numerical results indicate that intermediate
    capacities and balanced east/west orientation maximize cost-effectiveness and
    emission reductions. This study underscores the value of coupling parametric design
    and dispatch optimization to achieve scalable, sustainable solutions for industrial
    energy systems.
author:
- first_name: Seyed Davood
  full_name: Mousavi, Seyed Davood
  id: '79148'
  last_name: Mousavi
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schulte, Thomas
  id: '46242'
  last_name: Schulte
citation:
  ama: Mousavi SD, Schulte T. <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under
    Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. (University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University,
    Türkiye , ICECCE, eds.). IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>
  apa: 'Mousavi, S. D., &#38; Schulte, T. (2025). Cascaded Optimization of PV and
    Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals. In University of Buner, Pakistan;
    Altinbas University, Türkiye  &#38; ICECCE (Eds.), <i>  6th International Conference
    on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August
    2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>. IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Mousavi SD and Schulte T</b> (2025) <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and
    Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>, University of Buner, Pakistan;
    Altinbas University, Türkiye  and ICECCE (eds). [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Mousavi, Seyed Davood, and Thomas Schulte. <i>Cascaded Optimization of
    PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. Edited by University
    of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye  and ICECCE. <i>  6th International
    Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) :
    27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Mousavi, Seyed Davood und Thomas Schulte. 2025. <i>Cascaded Optimization
    of PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. Hg. von University
    of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye  und ICECCE. <i>  6th International
    Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) :
    27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mousavi, Seyed Davood</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">University
    of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye </span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">ICECCE</span>
    (Hrsg.): <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost
    and CO Signals</i>. [Piscataway, NJ] : IEEE, 2025'
  havard: S.D. Mousavi, T. Schulte, Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing
    Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals, IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2025.
  ieee: 'S. D. Mousavi and T. Schulte, <i>Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery
    Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2025. doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>.'
  mla: 'Mousavi, Seyed Davood, and Thomas Schulte. “Cascaded Optimization of PV and
    Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals.” <i>  6th International Conference
    on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August
    2025, Istanbul, Türkiye</i>, edited by University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas
    University, Türkiye  and ICECCE, IEEE, 2025, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982">https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982</a>.'
  short: S.D. Mousavi, T. Schulte, Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing
    Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals, IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2025.
  ufg: '<b>Mousavi, Seyed Davood/Schulte, Thomas</b>: Cascaded Optimization of PV
    and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals, hg. von University of Buner,
    Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye , ICECCE, [Piscataway, NJ] 2025.'
  van: 'Mousavi SD, Schulte T. Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under
    Dynamic Cost and CO Signals. University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University,
    Türkiye , ICECCE, editors.   6th International Conference on Electrical, Communication
    and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye.
    [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE; 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-08-28
  location: 'Istanbul, Turkiye '
  name: 6th International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering
    (ICECCE)
  start_date: 2025-08-27
corporate_editor:
- 'University of Buner, Pakistan; Altinbas University, Türkiye '
- ICECCE
date_created: 2026-04-10T07:05:12Z
date_updated: 2026-04-13T09:16:02Z
department:
- _id: DEP6020
- _id: DEP5022
doi: 10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257982
keyword:
- Photovoltaic systems
- Cost
- Electricity
- Tariffs
- Stochastic processes
- Real-time systems
- Robustness
- Batteries
- Planning
- Mixed integer linear programming
language:
- iso: eng
place: '[Piscataway, NJ]'
publication: "\t 6th International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer
  Engineering (ICECCE 2025) : 27-28 August 2025, Istanbul, Türkiye"
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 979-8-3315-4914-5
  isbn:
  - '979-8-3315-4915-2 '
  - 979-8-3315-4916-9
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Cascaded Optimization of PV and Battery Sizing Under Dynamic Cost and CO Signals
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '12872'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The shift towards sustainable transportation is an urgent worldwide issue,
    leading to the investigation of creative methods to decrease the environmental
    effects of traditional vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising alternative,
    but the issue lies in establishing efficient and environmentally friendly charging
    infrastructure. This review explores the existing research on the subject of photovoltaic-powered
    electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). Our analysis highlights the potential
    for economic growth and the creation of robust and decentralized energy systems
    by increasing the number of EVCSs. This review summarizes the current knowledge
    in this field and highlights the key factors driving efforts to expand the use
    of PV-powered EVCSs. The findings indicate that MATLAB was predominantly used
    for theoretical studies, with projects focusing on shading parking lots. The energy
    usage varied from 0.139 to 0.295 kWh/km, while the cost of energy ranged from
    USD 0.0032 to 0.5645 per kWh for an on-grid system. The payback period (PBP) values
    are suitable for this application. The average PBP was demonstrated to range from
    1 to 15 years. The findings from this assessment can guide policymakers, researchers,
    and industry stakeholders in shaping future advancements toward a cleaner and
    more sustainable transportation system.
article_number: '215'
author:
- first_name: Radwan A.
  full_name: Almasri, Radwan A.
  last_name: Almasri
- first_name: Talal
  full_name: Alharbi, Talal
  last_name: Alharbi
- first_name: M. S.
  full_name: Alshitawi, M. S.
  last_name: Alshitawi
- first_name: Omar
  full_name: Alrumayh, Omar
  last_name: Alrumayh
- first_name: Salman
  full_name: Ajib, Salman
  id: '49127'
  last_name: Ajib
citation:
  ama: 'Almasri RA, Alharbi T, Alshitawi MS, Alrumayh O, Ajib S. Related Work and
    Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review. <i>World
    Electric Vehicle Journal</i>. 2024;15(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215">10.3390/wevj15050215</a>'
  apa: 'Almasri, R. A., Alharbi, T., Alshitawi, M. S., Alrumayh, O., &#38; Ajib, S.
    (2024). Related Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations:
    A Review. <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i>, <i>15</i>(5), Article 215. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215">https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Almasri RA <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Related Work and Motivation for Electric
    Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review. <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i>
    <b>15</b>.'
  chicago: 'Almasri, Radwan A., Talal Alharbi, M. S. Alshitawi, Omar Alrumayh, and
    Salman Ajib. “Related Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging
    Stations: A Review.” <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i> 15, no. 5 (2024). <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215">https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Almasri, Radwan A., Talal Alharbi, M. S. Alshitawi, Omar Alrumayh und
    Salman Ajib. 2024. Related Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind
    Charging Stations: A Review. <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i> 15, Nr. 5.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215">10.3390/wevj15050215</a>, .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Almasri, Radwan A.</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Alharbi, Talal</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Alshitawi,
    M. S.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Alrumayh, Omar</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ajib, Salman</span>: Related Work and Motivation
    for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review. In: <i>World Electric
    Vehicle Journal</i> Bd. 15. Basel, MDPI AG (2024), Nr. 5'
  havard: 'R.A. Almasri, T. Alharbi, M.S. Alshitawi, O. Alrumayh, S. Ajib, Related
    Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review,
    World Electric Vehicle Journal. 15 (2024).'
  ieee: 'R. A. Almasri, T. Alharbi, M. S. Alshitawi, O. Alrumayh, and S. Ajib, “Related
    Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review,”
    <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i>, vol. 15, no. 5, Art. no. 215, 2024, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215">10.3390/wevj15050215</a>.'
  mla: 'Almasri, Radwan A., et al. “Related Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle
    Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review.” <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i>,
    vol. 15, no. 5, 215, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215">https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15050215</a>.'
  short: R.A. Almasri, T. Alharbi, M.S. Alshitawi, O. Alrumayh, S. Ajib, World Electric
    Vehicle Journal 15 (2024).
  ufg: '<b>Almasri, Radwan A. u. a.</b>: Related Work and Motivation for Electric
    Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review, in: <i>World Electric Vehicle
    Journal</i> 15 (2024), H. 5.'
  van: 'Almasri RA, Alharbi T, Alshitawi MS, Alrumayh O, Ajib S. Related Work and
    Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations: A Review. World
    Electric Vehicle Journal. 2024;15(5).'
date_created: 2025-04-28T14:08:45Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T12:59:12Z
department:
- _id: DEP8000
doi: 10.3390/wevj15050215
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001231531700001'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: '1'
issue: '5'
keyword:
- electric vehicle
- solar charging station
- transport
- photovoltaic
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: World Electric Vehicle Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2032-6653
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Related Work and Motivation for Electric Vehicle Solar/Wind Charging Stations:
  A Review'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 15
year: '2024'
...