[{"title":"Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2071-1050"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Georg Heinrich","last_name":"Klepp","id":"49011","full_name":"Klepp, Georg Heinrich"}],"intvolume":"        17","publication_status":"published","volume":17,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-12-11T13:57:43Z","citation":{"din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Klepp, Georg Heinrich</span>: Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems. In: <i>Sustainability</i> Bd. 17. Basel, MDPI AG (2025), Nr. 3","bjps":"<b>Klepp GH</b> (2025) Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems. <i>Sustainability</i> <b>17</b>.","chicago":"Klepp, Georg Heinrich. “Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems.” <i>Sustainability</i> 17, no. 3 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257\">https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257</a>.","ieee":"G. H. Klepp, “Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems,” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 17, no. 3, Art. no. 1257, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257\">10.3390/su17031257</a>.","van":"Klepp GH. Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems. Sustainability. 2025;17(3).","ama":"Klepp GH. Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems. <i>Sustainability</i>. 2025;17(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257\">10.3390/su17031257</a>","apa":"Klepp, G. H. (2025). Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>17</i>(3), Article 1257. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257\">https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257</a>","mla":"Klepp, Georg Heinrich. “Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 17, no. 3, 1257, 2025, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257\">https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257</a>.","short":"G.H. Klepp, Sustainability 17 (2025).","chicago-de":"Klepp, Georg Heinrich. 2025. Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems. <i>Sustainability</i> 17, Nr. 3. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031257\">10.3390/su17031257</a>, .","ufg":"<b>Klepp, Georg Heinrich</b>: Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems, in: <i>Sustainability</i> 17 (2025), H. 3.","havard":"G.H. Klepp, Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems, Sustainability. 17 (2025)."},"place":"Basel","_id":"13321","article_number":"1257","publication":"Sustainability","issue":"3","date_updated":"2025-12-11T14:01:17Z","doi":"10.3390/su17031257","type":"scientific_journal_article","publisher":"MDPI AG","keyword":["dish–Stirling system","multigeneration renewable energy systems","cogeneration","solar"],"conference":{"start_date":"2024-05-16","end_date":"2024-05-17","name":"12th European Conference on Renewable Energy Systems","location":"Mallorca / Spain "},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This study explores the feasibility and potential of integrating dish–Stirling systems (DSSs) into multigeneration energy systems, focusing on their ability to produce both thermal and electrical energy. By leveraging the concentrated solar power capabilities of DSSs, this research examines their performance relative to alternative solutions such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar heating. A 25 kW Stirling Energy Systems (SES) DSS served as the basis for the analysis. Simulations were performed for local 2022 weather conditions in Germany. The study employed a detailed modeling approach using the NREL System Advisor Model (SAM) to quantify the energy outputs and evaluate the system efficiencies. The results indicate that the DSS achieved an electrical efficiency of 25% and a combined efficiency of 78% when accounting for the maximum thermal energy generated. Seasonal analysis highlights the adaptability to fluctuating energy demands, with advantages in winter heating applications. Comparative evaluations revealed DSSs as a viable cogeneration alternative to standalone PV systems and solar heaters, offering reduced environmental impacts and enhanced energy efficiency. Future work will address real-world operational conditions, including thermal storage and multigeneration integration, positioning the DSS as a sustainable solution for renewable energy generation."}],"year":"2025","user_id":"83781","status":"public"},{"publication":"Sustainability","article_number":"9892","_id":"13021","citation":{"short":"H. Seol, D. Arztmann, N. Kim, A. Balderrama, Sustainability 15 (2023).","mla":"Seol, Hyeonji, et al. “Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 Mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 15, no. 13, 9892, 2023, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892\">https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892</a>.","apa":"Seol, H., Arztmann, D., Kim, N., &#38; Balderrama, A. (2023). Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>15</i>(13), Article 9892. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892\">https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892</a>","ufg":"<b>Seol, Hyeonji u. a.</b>: Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method, in: <i>Sustainability</i> 15 (2023), H. 13.","chicago-de":"Seol, Hyeonji, Daniel Arztmann, Naree Kim und Alvaro Balderrama. 2023. Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. <i>Sustainability</i> 15, Nr. 13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892\">10.3390/su15139892</a>, .","havard":"H. Seol, D. Arztmann, N. Kim, A. Balderrama, Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method, Sustainability. 15 (2023).","bjps":"<b>Seol H <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 Mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. <i>Sustainability</i> <b>15</b>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Seol, Hyeonji</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Arztmann, Daniel</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kim, Naree</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Balderrama, Alvaro</span>: Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. In: <i>Sustainability</i> Bd. 15. Basel, MDPI (2023), Nr. 13","chicago":"Seol, Hyeonji, Daniel Arztmann, Naree Kim, and Alvaro Balderrama. “Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 Mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method.” <i>Sustainability</i> 15, no. 13 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892\">https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892</a>.","ieee":"H. Seol, D. Arztmann, N. Kim, and A. Balderrama, “Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method,” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 15, no. 13, Art. no. 9892, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892\">10.3390/su15139892</a>.","ama":"Seol H, Arztmann D, Kim N, Balderrama A. Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. <i>Sustainability</i>. 2023;15(13). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892\">10.3390/su15139892</a>","van":"Seol H, Arztmann D, Kim N, Balderrama A. Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. Sustainability. 2023;15(13)."},"place":"Basel","volume":15,"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-06-24T13:53:29Z","author":[{"last_name":"Seol","id":"77436","full_name":"Seol, Hyeonji","first_name":"Hyeonji"},{"first_name":"Daniel","id":"58805","last_name":"Arztmann","full_name":"Arztmann, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Naree","first_name":"Naree"},{"first_name":"Alvaro","last_name":"Balderrama","id":"79418","full_name":"Balderrama, Alvaro"}],"intvolume":"        15","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2071-1050"]},"title":"Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method","status":"public","user_id":"83781","year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"DEP1600"},{"_id":"DEP1634"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Natural ventilation in a building is an effective way to achieve acceptable indoor air quality. Ventilation dilutes contaminants such as bioeffluents generated by occupants, substances emitted from building materials, and the water vapor generated by occupants’ activities. In a building that requires heating and cooling, adequate ventilation is crucial to minimize energy consumption while maintaining healthy indoor air quality. However, measuring the actual magnitude of the natural ventilation rate, including infiltration through the building envelope and airflow through the building openings, is not always feasible. Although international and national standards suggested the required ventilation rates to maintain acceptable indoor air quality in buildings, they did not offer action plans to achieve or evaluate those design ventilation rates in buildings in use. In this study, the occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) tracer gas decay method was applied to estimate the ventilation rates in an office room in Seoul, South Korea, from summer to winter. Using the method, real-time ventilation rates can be calculated by monitoring indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations without injecting a tracer gas. For natural ventilation in the test room, 145 mm-diameter circular openings on the fixed glass were used. As a result, first, the indoor CO2 concentrations were used as an indicator to evaluate how much the indoor air quality deteriorated when all the windows were closed in an occupied office room compared to the international standards for indoor air quality. Moreover, we found out that the estimated ventilation rates varied depending on various environmental conditions, even with the same openings for natural ventilation. Considering the indoor and outdoor temperature differences and outdoor wind speeds as the main factors influencing the ventilation rates, we analyzed how they affected the ventilation rates in the different seasons of South Korea. When the wind speeds were calm, less than 2 m/s, the temperature difference played as a factor that influenced the estimated ventilation rates. On the other hand, when the temperature differences were low, less than 3 °C, the wind speed was the primary factor. This study raises awareness about the risk of poor indoor air quality in office rooms that could lead to health problems or unpleasant working environments. This study presents an example of estimating the ventilation rates in an existing building. By using the presented method, the ventilation rate in an existing building can be simply estimated while using the building as usual, and appropriate ventilation strategies for the building can be determined to maintain the desired indoor air quality.","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Management","Monitoring","Policy and Law","Renewable Energy","Sustainability and the Environment","Geography","Planning and Development","Building and Construction"],"publisher":"MDPI","type":"scientific_journal_article","date_updated":"2025-06-24T13:55:57Z","doi":"10.3390/su15139892","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"13"},{"department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"},{"_id":"DEP5018"}],"user_id":"83781","year":"2022","status":"public","keyword":["Renewable energy sources","Power demand","Process control","Voltage","Robustness","Planning","Stakeholders"],"conference":{"name":"3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)","start_date":"2021-12-16","end_date":"2021-12-18","location":" Macau, Macao "},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Low voltage direct current microgrids (DC-MG) provide a solution for increased efficiency by the reduction of conversion losses, total reuse of recuperation energy and an increased share of local power generation. Especially industrial applications ask for high uptimes and a stable voltage supply, which are both at stake in a power grid dominated by renewable generation. DC-MGs overcome these drawbacks by balancing energy distribution and power demand locally. For the planning and design of these grids a systemic approach is needed, due to the fact that many components are interacting. The task arises of structuring the knowledge available for individual technologies in an overall design framework. For this purpose, current state-of-the-art design processes are discussed in this article. These processes are mapped into the context of the requirements in an industrial environment. The findings are transferred to the design of industrial DC networks. Finally, a complete design process for DC-MGs is derived, which is proposed as a basis for the development of tools."}],"type":"conference_editor","editor":[{"full_name":"Schaab, Darian","last_name":"Schaab","first_name":"Darian"},{"full_name":"Spanier, Patrick","id":"43516","last_name":"Spanier","first_name":"Patrick"},{"first_name":"Martin ","full_name":"Ehlich , Martin ","last_name":"Ehlich "},{"last_name":"Fosselmann","full_name":"Fosselmann, Eric ","first_name":"Eric "}],"publisher":"IEEE","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633","date_updated":"2024-08-07T09:37:05Z","series_title":"2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)","_id":"8437","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-1-6654-4042-4"],"eisbn":["978-1-6654-4041-7"]},"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2022-07-06T08:55:01Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago-de":"Schaab, Darian, Patrick Spanier, Martin  Ehlich  und Eric  Fosselmann, Hrsg. 2022. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. 2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633\">10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>, .","ufg":"<i><i>Schaab, Darian</i> u. a.</i>: Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications, Piscataway, NJ 2022 (2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)).","mla":"Schaab, Darian, et al., editors. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. IEEE, 2022, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633\">https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>.","apa":"Schaab, D., Spanier, P., Ehlich , M., &#38; Fosselmann, E. (Eds.). (2022). <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633\">https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>","short":"D. Schaab, P. Spanier, M. Ehlich , E. Fosselmann, eds., Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2022.","havard":"D. Schaab, P. Spanier, M. Ehlich , E. Fosselmann, eds., Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2022.","chicago":"Schaab, Darian, Patrick Spanier, Martin  Ehlich , and Eric  Fosselmann, eds. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. 2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633\">https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schaab, D.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Spanier, P.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ehlich , M.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Fosselmann, E.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>, <i>2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)</i>. Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2022","bjps":"<b>Schaab D <i>et al.</i> (eds)</b> (2022) <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.","van":"Schaab D, Spanier P, Ehlich  M, Fosselmann E, editors. Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2022. (2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT)).","ama":"Schaab D, Spanier P, Ehlich  M, Fosselmann E, eds. <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. IEEE; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633\">10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>","ieee":"D. Schaab, P. Spanier, M. Ehlich , and E. Fosselmann, Eds., <i>Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633\">10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633</a>."},"place":"Piscataway, NJ","title":"Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications"},{"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113","date_updated":"2024-08-08T06:32:58Z","issue":"2","publisher":"WIT Press","type":"scientific_journal_article","page":"101 - 113","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A decarbonisation of the energy system is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus achieve the climate protection goals. For this reason, the renewable energy share in the power grids of many countries is increasing. In order to stabilize the energy system and increase its flexibility, energy management systems are needed. This paper offers a model of energy management system which starts from the network operator and ends at the consumer (an electric vehicle). Firstly, a controllable local system signal, which is sent through a smart meter gateway from the grid operator to the consumer, has been developed. The signal is based on the renewable energy share in the local grid, on the electricity exchange price and on a defined profile. Then, different charging modes, which regulate the energy consumption based on the signal, have been developed and field tested. Finally, the charging modes have been simulated in order to better compare the data. The results show that with smart charging, 90% of the energy demand can be rescheduled. In view of the load shifting, greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs can be reduced."}],"keyword":["electric vehicles","energy management systems","load shifting","renewable energy","smart grids."],"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"},{"_id":"DEP5000"},{"_id":"DEP5012"}],"year":"2022","user_id":"83781","title":"Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids","date_created":"2022-07-19T12:28:26Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","volume":7,"place":"Southampton ","citation":{"ieee":"M. Schaffer, F. C. Bollhöfer, and J. Üpping, “Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids,” <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 101–113, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113\">10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</a>.","ama":"Schaffer M, Bollhöfer FC, Üpping J. Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i>. 2022;7(2):101-113. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113\">10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</a>","van":"Schaffer M, Bollhöfer FC, Üpping J. Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. International Journal of Energy Production and Management. 2022;7(2):101–13.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schaffer, Maria</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Üpping, Johannes</span>: Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. In: <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i> Bd. 7. Southampton , WIT Press (2022), Nr. 2, S. 101–113","bjps":"<b>Schaffer M, Bollhöfer FC and Üpping J</b> (2022) Load Shifting Potential of Electric Vehicles Using Management Systems for Increasing Renewable Energy Share in Smart Grids. <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i> <b>7</b>, 101–113.","chicago":"Schaffer, Maria, Fynn Christian Bollhöfer, and Johannes Üpping. “Load Shifting Potential of Electric Vehicles Using Management Systems for Increasing Renewable Energy Share in Smart Grids.” <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i> 7, no. 2 (2022): 101–13. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113\">https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</a>.","havard":"M. Schaffer, F.C. Bollhöfer, J. Üpping, Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids, International Journal of Energy Production and Management. 7 (2022) 101–113.","apa":"Schaffer, M., Bollhöfer, F. C., &#38; Üpping, J. (2022). Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i>, <i>7</i>(2), 101–113. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113\">https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</a>","mla":"Schaffer, Maria, et al. “Load Shifting Potential of Electric Vehicles Using Management Systems for Increasing Renewable Energy Share in Smart Grids.” <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 2022, pp. 101–13, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113\">https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</a>.","short":"M. Schaffer, F.C. Bollhöfer, J. Üpping, International Journal of Energy Production and Management 7 (2022) 101–113.","chicago-de":"Schaffer, Maria, Fynn Christian Bollhöfer und Johannes Üpping. 2022. Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i> 7, Nr. 2: 101–113. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113\">10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</a>, .","ufg":"<b>Schaffer, Maria/Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian/Üpping, Johannes</b>: Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids, in: <i>International Journal of Energy Production and Management</i> 7 (2022), H. 2,  S. 101–113."},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2056-3280 "],"issn":["2056-3272"]},"intvolume":"         7","author":[{"first_name":"Maria","id":"50151","last_name":"Schaffer","full_name":"Schaffer, Maria"},{"first_name":"Fynn Christian","full_name":"Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian","last_name":"Bollhöfer","id":"71911"},{"first_name":"Johannes","full_name":"Üpping, Johannes","last_name":"Üpping","id":"64760"}],"_id":"8467","publication":"International Journal of Energy Production and Management"}]