---
_id: '12950'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The composition of the microbiome is subject to the host’s diet. In commercial
    laboratory mouse diets, different physical forms of the same diets are available,
    containing—according to their labels—identical ingredients and nutrient compositions.
    However, variations in nutrient composition and starch gelatinization due to production
    processes and their impact on digestibility have been described. In this study,
    a total of 48 C57BL/J6 mice were assigned to two equal groups and were fed diets
    (produced with different processes—extruded vs. pelleted) for eight weeks in two
    biological replicates. At the end of the experiment, samples were collected from
    five different gastrointestinal regions, including the stomach, small intestine,
    cecum, large intestine, and an extracorporeal region (feces), and the microbiome
    was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The replicates in both experiments
    differed significantly in their relative abundances of Muribaculaceae species.
    Furthermore, the gastrointestinal content of pellet-fed mice contained larger
    numbers of Lactobacillus species. These results indicate that starch gelatinization
    and ingredient composition significantly influence microbial makeup. In conclusion,
    different feed processing methods may affect fundamental digestive and metabolic
    processes, impacting animal experiments and biasing microbiome data.
article_number: '862'
author:
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Linda F.
  full_name: Böswald, Linda F.
  last_name: Böswald
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Ellen
  full_name: Kienzle, Ellen
  last_name: Kienzle
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Neuhaus, Klaus
  last_name: Neuhaus
- first_name: Ilias
  full_name: Lagkouvardos, Ilias
  last_name: Lagkouvardos
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Zenner, Christian
  last_name: Zenner
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: Wenderlein J, Böswald LF, Ulrich S, et al. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. <i>Animals</i>. 2021;11(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">10.3390/ani11030862</a>
  apa: Wenderlein, J., Böswald, L. F., Ulrich, S., Kienzle, E., Neuhaus, K., Lagkouvardos,
    I., Zenner, C., &#38; Straubinger, R. K. (2021). Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. <i>Animals</i>, <i>11</i>(3), Article 862.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862</a>
  bjps: <b>Wenderlein J <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. <i>Animals</i> <b>11</b>.
  chicago: Wenderlein, Jasmin, Linda F. Böswald, Sebastian Ulrich, Ellen Kienzle,
    Klaus Neuhaus, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Christian Zenner, and Reinhard K. Straubinger.
    “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome.”
    <i>Animals</i> 11, no. 3 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862</a>.
  chicago-de: Wenderlein, Jasmin, Linda F. Böswald, Sebastian Ulrich, Ellen Kienzle,
    Klaus Neuhaus, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Christian Zenner und Reinhard K. Straubinger.
    2021. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome.
    <i>Animals</i> 11, Nr. 3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">10.3390/ani11030862</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Böswald, Linda F.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kienzle, Ellen</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Neuhaus, Klaus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lagkouvardos,
    Ilias</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zenner, Christian</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span>: Processing
    Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome. In: <i>Animals</i>
    Bd. 11. Basel, MDPI AG (2021), Nr. 3'
  havard: J. Wenderlein, L.F. Böswald, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, K. Neuhaus, I. Lagkouvardos,
    C. Zenner, R.K. Straubinger, Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome, Animals. 11 (2021).
  ieee: 'J. Wenderlein <i>et al.</i>, “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome,” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, Art. no. 862, 2021,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">10.3390/ani11030862</a>.'
  mla: Wenderlein, Jasmin, et al. “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome.” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, 862, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030862</a>.
  short: J. Wenderlein, L.F. Böswald, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, K. Neuhaus, I. Lagkouvardos,
    C. Zenner, R.K. Straubinger, Animals 11 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Wenderlein, Jasmin u. a.</b>: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Microbiome, in: <i>Animals</i> 11 (2021), H. 3.'
  van: Wenderlein J, Böswald LF, Ulrich S, Kienzle E, Neuhaus K, Lagkouvardos I, et
    al. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome.
    Animals. 2021;11(3).
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:58:59Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T12:07:21Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ani11030862
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- feed processing
- starch gelatinization
- laboratory mouse
- diet
- intestinal microbiome
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Animals
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2076-2615
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '12953'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Starch gelatinization is a major determinant of carbohydrate digestibility
    and varies with diet processing. Laboratory rodent diets are often marketed as
    identical, but are sold in different forms, regardless of the markedly higher
    starch gelatinization in extruded than in pelleted diets. Our hypothesis was that
    this would impact energy and nutrient digestibility in mice fed pellets or extrudate,
    respectively. Trial 1 showed that feeding C57BL/6 mice a standard maintenance
    diet in extruded form results in a significantly higher digestibility of organic
    matter, energy, and carbohydrates than the identical diet in pelleted form. The
    replication of the experiment, however, revealed a variation between batches of
    the same pelleted diet regarding starch and total dietary fiber contents. Given
    the significant differences in diet digestibility and the potential impacts of
    digestibility on nutrient utilization, the intestinal microbiome, and intermediary
    metabolism, trials performed with differently processed diets are not comparable.
    This might partly explain failures to reproduce results, especially in gastrointestinal
    or microbiome research. Considering this impact on experimental animals, the degree
    of starch gelatinization should be declared in the diet information for laboratory
    animal diets. The differences between batches of laboratory animal diets as observed
    in the pellets are not acceptable.
article_number: '523'
author:
- first_name: Linda F.
  full_name: Böswald, Linda F.
  last_name: Böswald
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Ellen
  full_name: Kienzle, Ellen
  last_name: Kienzle
citation:
  ama: Böswald LF, Wenderlein J, Straubinger RK, Ulrich S, Kienzle E. Processing Matters
    in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.
    <i>Animals</i>. 2021;11(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">10.3390/ani11020523</a>
  apa: Böswald, L. F., Wenderlein, J., Straubinger, R. K., Ulrich, S., &#38; Kienzle,
    E. (2021). Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy
    and Nutrient Digestibility. <i>Animals</i>, <i>11</i>(2), Article 523. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523</a>
  bjps: <b>Böswald LF <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility. <i>Animals</i> <b>11</b>.
  chicago: Böswald, Linda F., Jasmin Wenderlein, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Sebastian
    Ulrich, and Ellen Kienzle. “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.” <i>Animals</i> 11, no. 2 (2021).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523</a>.
  chicago-de: Böswald, Linda F., Jasmin Wenderlein, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Sebastian
    Ulrich und Ellen Kienzle. 2021. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility. <i>Animals</i> 11, Nr. 2. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">10.3390/ani11020523</a>, .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Böswald, Linda F.</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger,
    Reinhard K.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kienzle, Ellen</span>: Processing Matters
    in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.
    In: <i>Animals</i> Bd. 11. Basel, MDPI (2021), Nr. 2'
  havard: L.F. Böswald, J. Wenderlein, R.K. Straubinger, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, Processing
    Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility,
    Animals. 11 (2021).
  ieee: 'L. F. Böswald, J. Wenderlein, R. K. Straubinger, S. Ulrich, and E. Kienzle,
    “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient
    Digestibility,” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no. 2, Art. no. 523, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">10.3390/ani11020523</a>.'
  mla: Böswald, Linda F., et al. “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no.
    2, 523, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523</a>.
  short: L.F. Böswald, J. Wenderlein, R.K. Straubinger, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, Animals
    11 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Böswald, Linda F. u. a.</b>: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility, in: <i>Animals</i> 11 (2021),
    H. 2.'
  van: Böswald LF, Wenderlein J, Straubinger RK, Ulrich S, Kienzle E. Processing Matters
    in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.
    Animals. 2021;11(2).
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:00:16Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T12:27:09Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ani11020523
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- standardization
- carbohydrate digestibility
- feed processing
- starch gelatinization
- gut
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Animals
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2076-2615
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and
  Nutrient Digestibility
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2021'
...