[{"doi":"10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627","publication":"Wood material science and engineering","intvolume":" 19","_id":"11113","user_id":"83781","keyword":["Oil palm wood","compression","tension","strength","young’s modulus","digital image correlation","glued laminated timber"],"page":"1101-1116","citation":{"din1505-2-1":"Frühwald-König, Katja ; Heister, Lena: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. In: Wood material science and engineering Bd. 19. London, Taylor & Francis (2024), Nr. 5, S. 1101–1116","short":"K. Frühwald-König, L. Heister, Wood Material Science and Engineering 19 (2024) 1101–1116.","ufg":"Frühwald-König, Katja/Heister, Lena: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood, in: Wood material science and engineering 19 (2024), H. 5,  S. 1101–1116.","ama":"Frühwald-König K, Heister L. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering. 2024;19(5):1101-1116. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627","van":"Frühwald-König K, Heister L. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering. 2024;19(5):1101–16.","bjps":"Frühwald-König K and Heister L (2024) Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood. Wood material science and engineering 19, 1101–1116.","apa":"Frühwald-König, K., & Heister, L. (2024). Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 19(5), 1101–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627","chicago-de":"Frühwald-König, Katja und Lena Heister. 2024. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering 19, Nr. 5: 1101–1116. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627, .","havard":"K. Frühwald-König, L. Heister, Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood, Wood Material Science and Engineering. 19 (2024) 1101–1116.","ieee":"K. Frühwald-König and L. Heister, “Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood,” Wood material science and engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1101–1116, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.","mla":"Frühwald-König, Katja, and Lena Heister. “Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood.” Wood Material Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, 2024, pp. 1101–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.","chicago":"Frühwald-König, Katja, and Lena Heister. “Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood.” Wood Material Science and Engineering 19, no. 5 (2024): 1101–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001147069800001"]},"publisher":"Taylor & Francis","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-0272"],"eissn":["1748-0280"]},"date_created":"2024-02-25T07:30:24Z","quality_controlled":"1","isi":"1","volume":19,"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-06-25T12:41:40Z","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"abstract":[{"text":"When oil palm lumber is considered for load-bearing products such as glued laminated timber (GLT), defined strength and stiffness values are required. In this investigation, combined GLT from oil palm wood is tested in compression parallel and perpendicular and glulam lamellas in tension parallel to the vascular bundles. Strength and Young´s modulus in compression and tension parallel increase with the density by power law relationship. In contrast to dicotyle­dons, the strength in construction size exceeds that of small, defect-free test specimens (compression strength perpendicular), are in the same range (tensile and bending strength parallel) or only a little below (compression strength parallel). The specimen size does not influence the strength. The ratio of fc,0 : fm : ft,0 is 1.2 : 0.8 … 1.7 … 2.6 : 1 and fc,0 : fc,90 = 2.7 … 13.0 … 32.6 : 1 for ρ = 200 … 400 … 600 kg/m³; the ratio of Ec,0 : Em : Et,0 is 1.2 : 1.3 : 1 for ρ = 400 kg/m³. Ashby´s performance indices for minimum weight design rise with the density; the strength-density performance indices are comparable or only slightly lower than that for structural size softwood, whereas the modulus-density performance indices are much lower. The challenge in use of oil palm wood for load-bearing construction products is the low stiffness.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2024","author":[{"id":"26232","full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","last_name":"Frühwald-König","first_name":"Katja"},{"full_name":"Heister, Lena","id":"71887","last_name":"Heister","first_name":"Lena"}],"issue":"5","title":"Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood","type":"scientific_journal_article","place":"London"},{"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"bjps":"Kölli N and Frühwald-König K (2024) Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM) Densified Oil Palm Sawn Timber. Wood material science and engineering 1–18.","ama":"Kölli N, Frühwald-König K. Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood material science and engineering . Published online 2024:1-18. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977","van":"Kölli N, Frühwald-König K. Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood material science and engineering . 2024;1–18.","ufg":"Kölli, Nathan/Frühwald-König, Katja: Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber, in: Wood material science and engineering (2024),  S. 1–18.","short":"N. Kölli, K. Frühwald-König, Wood Material Science and Engineering (2024) 1–18.","din1505-2-1":"Kölli, Nathan ; Frühwald-König, Katja: Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. In: Wood material science and engineering . London, Taylor & Francis (2024), S. 1–18","chicago":"Kölli, Nathan, and Katja Frühwald-König. “Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM) Densified Oil Palm Sawn Timber.” Wood Material Science and Engineering , 2024, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977.","mla":"Kölli, Nathan, and Katja Frühwald-König. “Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM) Densified Oil Palm Sawn Timber.” Wood Material Science and Engineering , 2024, pp. 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977.","ieee":"N. Kölli and K. Frühwald-König, “Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber,” Wood material science and engineering , pp. 1–18, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977.","havard":"N. Kölli, K. Frühwald-König, Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber, Wood Material Science and Engineering . (2024) 1–18.","chicago-de":"Kölli, Nathan und Katja Frühwald-König. 2024. Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood material science and engineering : 1–18. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977, .","apa":"Kölli, N., & Frühwald-König, K. (2024). Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood Material Science and Engineering , 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977"},"external_id":{"isi":["001170089500001"]},"publisher":"Taylor & Francis","_id":"11114","user_id":"83781","keyword":["Bending strength","densification","e-modulus","g-modulus","shear strength"],"page":"1-18","doi":"10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977","publication":"Wood material science and engineering ","place":"London","type":"scientific_journal_article","title":"Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber","author":[{"first_name":"Nathan","id":"73742","full_name":"Kölli, Nathan","last_name":"Kölli"},{"full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","id":"26232","last_name":"Frühwald-König","first_name":"Katja"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Oil palm wood is mainly low in density and since strength and stiffness correlate with density, this study aimed to enhance the properties of oil palm wood through thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densification. In contrast to other studies using small laboratory-sized specimens, this study examined the densification of oil palm boards in sawn timber dimensions of 2.0 m length. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending, shear strength and shear modulus parallel by two-plate shear test and Young’s modulus in the three main directions as well as shear modulus in the three planes by ultrasonic testing were determined at densified and undensified specimens. The bending properties were increased to considerably higher levels and a compression ratio of 60% showed higher MOE and MOR values than that of 40%; whereas for boards of the inner part of the trunk, a compression ratio of 60% showed better results than that of 75%. The shear properties were only slightly increased through densification. Densification can improve the properties of oil palm wood. However, the wide range of density and properties found in natural oil palm wood is also present in densified oil palm wood."}],"year":"2024","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-06-25T12:42:37Z","isi":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-0280"],"issn":["1748-0272"]},"date_created":"2024-02-25T07:32:31Z"},{"citation":{"bjps":"Frühwald-König K (2023) Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Nyrud AQ, Malo KA and Nore K (eds). Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. .","ama":"Frühwald-König K. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. (Nyrud AQ, Malo KA, Nore K, eds.). Curran Associates, Inc. ; 2023:638-646. doi:https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087","van":"Frühwald-König K. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Nyrud AQ, Malo KA, Nore K, editors. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. ; 2023.","short":"K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Curran Associates, Inc. , Red Hook, NY, USA , 2023.","ufg":"Frühwald-König, Katja: Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, hg. von Nyrud, Andres Q./Malo, Kjell Arne/Nore, Kristine, Red Hook, NY, USA 2023.","din1505-2-1":"Frühwald-König, Katja ; Nyrud, A. Q. ; Malo, K. A. ; Nore, K. (Hrsg.): Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Red Hook, NY, USA  : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023","mla":"Frühwald-König, Katja. “Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber.” Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway , edited by Andres Q. Nyrud et al., Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023, pp. 638–46, https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087.","chicago":"Frühwald-König, Katja. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Edited by Andres Q. Nyrud, Kjell Arne Malo, and Kristine Nore. Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087.","ieee":"K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023, pp. 638–646. doi: https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087.","apa":"Frühwald-König, K. (2023). Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. In A. Q. Nyrud, K. A. Malo, & K. Nore (Eds.), Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway (pp. 638–646). Curran Associates, Inc. . https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087","chicago-de":"Frühwald-König, Katja. 2023. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Hg. von Andres Q. Nyrud, Kjell Arne Malo, und Kristine Nore. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. . doi:https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087, .","havard":"K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Curran Associates, Inc. , Red Hook, NY, USA , 2023."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Curran Associates, Inc. ","keyword":["Oil palm lumber","glue laminated timber","GLT","strength grading","elastomechanical properties"],"_id":"10333","user_id":"26232","editor":[{"first_name":"Andres Q.","full_name":"Nyrud, Andres Q.","last_name":"Nyrud"},{"full_name":"Malo, Kjell Arne ","last_name":"Malo","first_name":"Kjell Arne "},{"full_name":"Nore, Kristine","last_name":"Nore","first_name":"Kristine"}],"page":"638-646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087","publication":"Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway ","main_file_link":[{"url":"www.proceedings.com/69179.html"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2023-06-22","start_date":"2023-06-19","location":"Oslo, Norway","name":"13. World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2023"},"status":"public","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-10-25T12:59:07Z","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["9781713873273"],"isbn":["9781713873297"]},"date_created":"2023-09-14T18:30:58Z","type":"conference_editor_article","place":"Red Hook, NY, USA ","author":[{"last_name":"Frühwald-König","id":"26232","full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","first_name":"Katja"}],"title":"Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber","abstract":[{"text":"The wood from oil palm trunks exhibits significant variations in distribution of structural tissue, density and elastomechanical properties across and along the trunk. Its reliable, safe, and economic usage for load-bearing purposes, such as glued laminated timber (GLT), requires a precise definition of its elastomechanical properties through appropriate strength grading procedures. Oil palm lumber is strength graded according to its density using an X-ray technique in which 50 % of the lamellas are ripped, graded, edge glued and therefore density homogenized, and 50 % are cut only according to their geometry. Lamellas are tested in tension parallel to the vascular bundles; combined GLT is produced from strength-graded lamellas and tested in bending parallel and compression parallel and perpendicular to the vascular bundles. The characteristic strength values for C10 and C14 according to EN 338 are achieved. A correlation between density and elastomechanical properties is estab-lished. GLT from density-homogenized lamellas achieve higher bending properties than from lamellas with a “natural” density gradient across the width.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}]},{"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-06-03T14:10:01Z","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-1-7138-7329-7"],"eisbn":["978-1-7138-7327-3"]},"date_created":"2023-10-26T13:59:52Z","place":"Red Hook, NY, USA","type":"conference_editor_article","title":"FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD","author":[{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Hackel, Martin","id":"79798","last_name":"Hackel"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The anatomical structure of oil palm wood is only to a limited extent comparable to common wood species used in construction. Typical for monocotyledons, the material is composed of high density vascular bundles and a parenchymatous tissue of lower density. In three experiment sets, the local and global moduli of elasticity (MOE) and the flexural strength of oil palm wood based GLT are determined using FEM and various influencing parameters are investigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the application of densified tension lamellas is studied. The results of the modelling are compared with the results from mechanical tests. Significant differences, mainly attributed to the specific parameters of the selected material, are observed. The results of this preliminary study serve as a starting point for computer-aided optimisation and modelling of other oil palm-based products."}],"year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"bjps":"Hackel M (2023) FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Nyrud AQ et al. (eds). Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc.","van":"Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Nyrud AQ, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, editors. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc.; 2023.","ama":"Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. (Nyrud AQ, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, eds.). Curran Associates, Inc.; 2023. doi:10.52202/069179-0088","short":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2023.","ufg":"Hackel, Martin: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, hg. von Nyrud, Anders Q. u. a., Red Hook, NY, USA 2023.","din1505-2-1":"Hackel, Martin ; Nyrud, A. Q. ; Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet ; Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet ; Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (Hrsg.): FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc., 2023","mla":"Hackel, Martin. “FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD.” Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway , edited by Anders Q. Nyrud et al., Curran Associates, Inc., 2023, https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088.","chicago":"Hackel, Martin. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Edited by Anders Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , and Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088.","ieee":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. doi: 10.52202/069179-0088.","apa":"Hackel, M. (2023). FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. In A. Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , & Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (Eds.), Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Curran Associates, Inc. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088","chicago-de":"Hackel, Martin. 2023. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Hg. von Anders Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , und Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc. doi:10.52202/069179-0088, .","havard":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2023."},"publisher":"Curran Associates, Inc.","_id":"10602","user_id":"83781","keyword":["Oil palm wood","finite element method (FEM)","GLT","modulus of elasticity","flexural strength"],"corporate_editor":["Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet ","Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet ","Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo"],"editor":[{"last_name":"Nyrud","full_name":"Nyrud, Anders Q. ","first_name":"Anders Q. "}],"doi":"10.52202/069179-0088","publication":"Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway ","conference":{"location":"Oslo (Norwegen)","name":"13th World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","end_date":"2023-06-22","start_date":"2023-06-19"},"status":"public"},{"abstract":[{"text":"The anatomical structure of oil palm wood is only to a limited extent comparable to common wood species\r\nused in construction. Typical for monocotyledons, the material is composed of high density vascular bundles and a\r\nparenchymatous tissue of lower density. In three experiment sets, the local and global moduli of elasticity (MOE) and the flexural strength of oil palm wood based GLT are determined using FEM and various influencing parameters are\r\ninvestigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the application of densified tension lamellas is studied. The results of the modelling are compared with the results from mechanical tests. Significant differences, mainly attributed to the\r\nspecific parameters of the selected material, are observed. The results of this preliminary study serve as a starting point for computer-aided optimisation and modelling of other oil palm-based products.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"type":"conference_editor_article","title":"FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD","author":[{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Hackel","full_name":"Hackel, Martin","id":"79798"}],"date_created":"2023-11-21T07:44:35Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-05-24T13:21:52Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.proceedings.com/content/069/069179-0088open.pdf"}],"conference":{"location":"Oslo (Norwegen)","name":"World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","end_date":"2023-06-22","start_date":"2023-06-19"},"status":"public","publication":"World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","doi":"10.52202/069179-0088","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"van":"Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023); 2023.","ama":"Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023); 2023:647-656. doi:10.52202/069179-0088","mla":"Hackel, Martin. “FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD.” World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023, pp. 647–56, https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088.","chicago":"Hackel, Martin. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088.","bjps":"Hackel M (2023) FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023).","apa":"Hackel, M. (2023). FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. In World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) (pp. 647–656). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088","chicago-de":"Hackel, Martin. 2023. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). doi:10.52202/069179-0088, .","havard":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023.","din1505-2-1":"Hackel, Martin: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023","short":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023.","ufg":"Hackel, Martin: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, o. O. 2023.","ieee":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023, pp. 647–656. doi: 10.52202/069179-0088."},"oa":"1","publisher":"World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","keyword":["Oil palm wood","finite element method (FEM)","GLT","modulus of elasticity","flexural strength"],"_id":"10786","user_id":"79798","page":"647-656"},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135"}],"status":"public","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"table_of_contents","url":"https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-94-017-2645-0?page=1#toc"}]},"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"J. Tiggesbäumker, L. Köller, H. O. Lutz, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, in: P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, B. K. Rao (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, Springer, Dordrecht, 1992, pp. 1001–1006.","ufg":"Tiggesbäumker, J. et. al. (1992): Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions, in: P. Jena et. al. (Hgg.): Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals (=NATO Science Series 374), Dordrecht, S. 1001–1006.","ieee":"J. Tiggesbäumker, L. Köller, H. O. Lutz, and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, “Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions,” in Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, vol. 374, P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, and B. K. Rao, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer, 1992, pp. 1001–1006.","apa":"Tiggesbäumker, J., Köller, L., O. Lutz, H., & Meiwes-Broer, K.-H. (1992). Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, & B. K. Rao (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals (Vol. 374, pp. 1001–1006). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135","din1505-2-1":"Tiggesbäumker, J. ; Köller, Lars ; O. Lutz, H. ; Meiwes-Broer, Karl-Heinz: Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Jena, P. ; N. Khanna, S. ; K. Rao, B. (Hrsg.): Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, NATO Science Series. Bd. 374. Dordrecht : Springer, 1992, S. 1001–1006","chicago-de":"Tiggesbäumker, J., Lars Köller, H. O. Lutz und Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer. 1992. Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, hg. von P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, und B. K. Rao, 374:1001–1006. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135, .","havard":"J. Tiggesbäumker, L. Köller, H. O. Lutz, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions, in: P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, B. K. Rao (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, Springer, Dordrecht, 1992: pp. 1001–1006.","bjps":"Tiggesbäumker J et al. (1992) Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In Jena P, N. Khanna S and K. Rao B (eds), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, vol. 374. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 1001–1006.","mla":"Tiggesbäumker, J., et al. “Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions.” Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, edited by P. Jena et al., vol. 374, Springer, 1992, pp. 1001–06, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135.","ama":"Tiggesbäumker J, Köller L, O. Lutz H, Meiwes-Broer K-H. Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Jena P, N. Khanna S, K. Rao B, eds. Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals. Vol 374. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer; 1992:1001-1006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135","van":"Tiggesbäumker J, Köller L, O. Lutz H, Meiwes-Broer K-H. Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Jena P, N. Khanna S, K. Rao B, editors. Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals. Dordrecht: Springer; 1992. p. 1001–6. (NATO Science Series; vol. 374).","chicago":"Tiggesbäumker, J., Lars Köller, H. O. Lutz, and Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer. “Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions.” In Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, edited by P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, and B. K. Rao, 374:1001–6. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135."},"publisher":"Springer","_id":"744","keyword":["Oscillator Strength","Collective Excitation","Giant Dipole Resonance","Silver Cluster","Gigant Resonance"],"user_id":"68554","page":"1001-1006","editor":[{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Jena, P.","last_name":"Jena"},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"N. Khanna, S.","last_name":"N. Khanna"},{"first_name":"B.","full_name":"K. Rao, B.","last_name":"K. Rao"}],"intvolume":" 374","publication":"Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135","place":"Dordrecht","type":"book_chapter","title":"Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions","author":[{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Tiggesbäumker, J.","last_name":"Tiggesbäumker"},{"first_name":"Lars","id":"61649","full_name":"Köller, Lars","last_name":"Köller"},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"O. Lutz","full_name":"O. Lutz, H."},{"first_name":"Karl-Heinz","full_name":"Meiwes-Broer, Karl-Heinz","last_name":"Meiwes-Broer"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Silver cluster ions are produced by sputtering of solid silver by 25 keV Xe+ bombardment. After mass selection, collinear ion beam depletion technique is used to measure absolute photofragmentation cross-sections in the photon energy range from ħω = 2.3 to 5.7 eV. Giant resonances are found which can be interpreted in terms of a collective electron oscillation. The optical spectra of spherical Ag 9 + and Ag 21 + show a blue shift of the resonance energy, in contrast to an expected behaviour within the jellium model. For Ag 11 +, a splitting of the giant resonance is found.","lang":"eng"}],"year":1992,"department":[{"_id":"DEP1100"}],"series_title":"NATO Science Series","volume":374,"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:50:09Z","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-94-017-2645-0"],"isbn":["978-94-017-2647-4"]},"date_created":"2019-03-14T08:44:09Z"}]