--- _id: '11113' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'When oil palm lumber is considered for load-bearing products such as glued laminated timber (GLT), defined strength and stiffness values are required. In this investigation, combined GLT from oil palm wood is tested in compression parallel and perpendicular and glulam lamellas in tension parallel to the vascular bundles. Strength and Young´s modulus in compression and tension parallel increase with the density by power law relationship. In contrast to dicotyle­dons, the strength in construction size exceeds that of small, defect-free test specimens (compression strength perpendicular), are in the same range (tensile and bending strength parallel) or only a little below (compression strength parallel). The specimen size does not influence the strength. The ratio of fc,0 : fm : ft,0 is 1.2 : 0.8 … 1.7 … 2.6 : 1 and fc,0 : fc,90 = 2.7 … 13.0 … 32.6 : 1 for ρ = 200 … 400 … 600 kg/m³; the ratio of Ec,0 : Em : Et,0 is 1.2 : 1.3 : 1 for ρ = 400 kg/m³. Ashby´s performance indices for minimum weight design rise with the density; the strength-density performance indices are comparable or only slightly lower than that for structural size softwood, whereas the modulus-density performance indices are much lower. The challenge in use of oil palm wood for load-bearing construction products is the low stiffness.' author: - first_name: Katja full_name: Frühwald-König, Katja id: '26232' last_name: Frühwald-König - first_name: Lena full_name: Heister, Lena id: '71887' last_name: Heister citation: ama: Frühwald-König K, Heister L. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering. 2024;19(5):1101-1116. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627 apa: Frühwald-König, K., & Heister, L. (2024). Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 19(5), 1101–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627 bjps: Frühwald-König K and Heister L (2024) Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood. Wood material science and engineering 19, 1101–1116. chicago: 'Frühwald-König, Katja, and Lena Heister. “Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood.” Wood Material Science and Engineering 19, no. 5 (2024): 1101–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.' chicago-de: 'Frühwald-König, Katja und Lena Heister. 2024. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering 19, Nr. 5: 1101–1116. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627, .' din1505-2-1: 'Frühwald-König, Katja ; Heister, Lena: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. In: Wood material science and engineering Bd. 19. London, Taylor & Francis (2024), Nr. 5, S. 1101–1116' havard: K. Frühwald-König, L. Heister, Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood, Wood Material Science and Engineering. 19 (2024) 1101–1116. ieee: 'K. Frühwald-König and L. Heister, “Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood,” Wood material science and engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1101–1116, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627.' mla: Frühwald-König, Katja, and Lena Heister. “Compression Properties of Glued Laminated Timber and Tensile Properties of Gluelam Lamellas from Oil Palm Wood.” Wood Material Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, 2024, pp. 1101–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627. short: K. Frühwald-König, L. Heister, Wood Material Science and Engineering 19 (2024) 1101–1116. ufg: 'Frühwald-König, Katja/Heister, Lena: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood, in: Wood material science and engineering 19 (2024), H. 5,  S. 1101–1116.' van: Frühwald-König K, Heister L. Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood. Wood material science and engineering. 2024;19(5):1101–16. date_created: 2024-02-25T07:30:24Z date_updated: 2025-06-25T12:41:40Z department: - _id: DEP7018 - _id: DEP1309 doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2303627 external_id: isi: - '001147069800001' intvolume: ' 19' isi: '1' issue: '5' keyword: - Oil palm wood - compression - tension - strength - young’s modulus - digital image correlation - glued laminated timber language: - iso: eng page: 1101-1116 place: London publication: Wood material science and engineering publication_identifier: eissn: - 1748-0280 issn: - 1748-0272 publication_status: published publisher: Taylor & Francis quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Compression properties of glued laminated timber and tensile properties of gluelam lamellas from oil palm wood type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 19 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '11114' abstract: - lang: eng text: Oil palm wood is mainly low in density and since strength and stiffness correlate with density, this study aimed to enhance the properties of oil palm wood through thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densification. In contrast to other studies using small laboratory-sized specimens, this study examined the densification of oil palm boards in sawn timber dimensions of 2.0 m length. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending, shear strength and shear modulus parallel by two-plate shear test and Young’s modulus in the three main directions as well as shear modulus in the three planes by ultrasonic testing were determined at densified and undensified specimens. The bending properties were increased to considerably higher levels and a compression ratio of 60% showed higher MOE and MOR values than that of 40%; whereas for boards of the inner part of the trunk, a compression ratio of 60% showed better results than that of 75%. The shear properties were only slightly increased through densification. Densification can improve the properties of oil palm wood. However, the wide range of density and properties found in natural oil palm wood is also present in densified oil palm wood. author: - first_name: Nathan full_name: Kölli, Nathan id: '73742' last_name: Kölli - first_name: Katja full_name: Frühwald-König, Katja id: '26232' last_name: Frühwald-König citation: ama: Kölli N, Frühwald-König K. Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood material science and engineering . Published online 2024:1-18. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977 apa: Kölli, N., & Frühwald-König, K. (2024). Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood Material Science and Engineering , 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977 bjps: Kölli N and Frühwald-König K (2024) Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM) Densified Oil Palm Sawn Timber. Wood material science and engineering 1–18. chicago: Kölli, Nathan, and Katja Frühwald-König. “Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM) Densified Oil Palm Sawn Timber.” Wood Material Science and Engineering , 2024, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977. chicago-de: 'Kölli, Nathan und Katja Frühwald-König. 2024. Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood material science and engineering : 1–18. doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977, .' din1505-2-1: 'Kölli, Nathan ; Frühwald-König, Katja: Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. In: Wood material science and engineering . London, Taylor & Francis (2024), S. 1–18' havard: N. Kölli, K. Frühwald-König, Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber, Wood Material Science and Engineering . (2024) 1–18. ieee: 'N. Kölli and K. Frühwald-König, “Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber,” Wood material science and engineering , pp. 1–18, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977.' mla: Kölli, Nathan, and Katja Frühwald-König. “Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM) Densified Oil Palm Sawn Timber.” Wood Material Science and Engineering , 2024, pp. 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977. short: N. Kölli, K. Frühwald-König, Wood Material Science and Engineering (2024) 1–18. ufg: 'Kölli, Nathan/Frühwald-König, Katja: Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber, in: Wood material science and engineering (2024),  S. 1–18.' van: Kölli N, Frühwald-König K. Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber. Wood material science and engineering . 2024;1–18. date_created: 2024-02-25T07:32:31Z date_updated: 2025-06-25T12:42:37Z department: - _id: DEP7018 - _id: DEP1309 doi: 10.1080/17480272.2024.2317977 external_id: isi: - '001170089500001' isi: '1' keyword: - Bending strength - densification - e-modulus - g-modulus - shear strength language: - iso: eng page: 1-18 place: London publication: 'Wood material science and engineering ' publication_identifier: eissn: - 1748-0280 issn: - 1748-0272 publication_status: published publisher: Taylor & Francis quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Elasto-mechanical properties of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) densified oil palm sawn timber type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' year: '2024' ... --- _id: '10333' abstract: - lang: eng text: The wood from oil palm trunks exhibits significant variations in distribution of structural tissue, density and elastomechanical properties across and along the trunk. Its reliable, safe, and economic usage for load-bearing purposes, such as glued laminated timber (GLT), requires a precise definition of its elastomechanical properties through appropriate strength grading procedures. Oil palm lumber is strength graded according to its density using an X-ray technique in which 50 % of the lamellas are ripped, graded, edge glued and therefore density homogenized, and 50 % are cut only according to their geometry. Lamellas are tested in tension parallel to the vascular bundles; combined GLT is produced from strength-graded lamellas and tested in bending parallel and compression parallel and perpendicular to the vascular bundles. The characteristic strength values for C10 and C14 according to EN 338 are achieved. A correlation between density and elastomechanical properties is estab-lished. GLT from density-homogenized lamellas achieve higher bending properties than from lamellas with a “natural” density gradient across the width. author: - first_name: Katja full_name: Frühwald-König, Katja id: '26232' last_name: Frühwald-König citation: ama: Frühwald-König K. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. (Nyrud AQ, Malo KA, Nore K, eds.). Curran Associates, Inc. ; 2023:638-646. doi:https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087 apa: 'Frühwald-König, K. (2023). Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. In A. Q. Nyrud, K. A. Malo, & K. Nore (Eds.), Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway (pp. 638–646). Curran Associates, Inc. . https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087' bjps: 'Frühwald-König K (2023) Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Nyrud AQ, Malo KA and Nore K (eds). Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. .' chicago: 'Frühwald-König, Katja. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Edited by Andres Q. Nyrud, Kjell Arne Malo, and Kristine Nore. Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087.' chicago-de: 'Frühwald-König, Katja. 2023. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Hg. von Andres Q. Nyrud, Kjell Arne Malo, und Kristine Nore. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. . doi:https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087, .' din1505-2-1: 'Frühwald-König, Katja ; Nyrud, A. Q. ; Malo, K. A. ; Nore, K. (Hrsg.): Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Red Hook, NY, USA  : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023' havard: K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Curran Associates, Inc. , Red Hook, NY, USA , 2023. ieee: 'K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023, pp. 638–646. doi: https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087.' mla: 'Frühwald-König, Katja. “Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber.” Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway , edited by Andres Q. Nyrud et al., Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023, pp. 638–46, https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087.' short: K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Curran Associates, Inc. , Red Hook, NY, USA , 2023. ufg: 'Frühwald-König, Katja: Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, hg. von Nyrud, Andres Q./Malo, Kjell Arne/Nore, Kristine, Red Hook, NY, USA 2023.' van: 'Frühwald-König K. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Nyrud AQ, Malo KA, Nore K, editors. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. ; 2023.' conference: end_date: 2023-06-22 location: Oslo, Norway name: 13. World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2023 start_date: 2023-06-19 date_created: 2023-09-14T18:30:58Z date_updated: 2023-10-25T12:59:07Z department: - _id: DEP7018 - _id: DEP1309 doi: https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087 editor: - first_name: Andres Q. full_name: Nyrud, Andres Q. last_name: Nyrud - first_name: 'Kjell Arne ' full_name: 'Malo, Kjell Arne ' last_name: Malo - first_name: Kristine full_name: Nore, Kristine last_name: Nore keyword: - Oil palm lumber - glue laminated timber - GLT - strength grading - elastomechanical properties language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: www.proceedings.com/69179.html page: 638-646 place: 'Red Hook, NY, USA ' publication: 'Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway ' publication_identifier: eisbn: - '9781713873273' isbn: - '9781713873297' publication_status: published publisher: 'Curran Associates, Inc. ' status: public title: Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber type: conference_editor_article user_id: '26232' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '10602' abstract: - lang: eng text: The anatomical structure of oil palm wood is only to a limited extent comparable to common wood species used in construction. Typical for monocotyledons, the material is composed of high density vascular bundles and a parenchymatous tissue of lower density. In three experiment sets, the local and global moduli of elasticity (MOE) and the flexural strength of oil palm wood based GLT are determined using FEM and various influencing parameters are investigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the application of densified tension lamellas is studied. The results of the modelling are compared with the results from mechanical tests. Significant differences, mainly attributed to the specific parameters of the selected material, are observed. The results of this preliminary study serve as a starting point for computer-aided optimisation and modelling of other oil palm-based products. author: - first_name: Martin full_name: Hackel, Martin id: '79798' last_name: Hackel citation: ama: Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. (Nyrud AQ, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, eds.). Curran Associates, Inc.; 2023. doi:10.52202/069179-0088 apa: 'Hackel, M. (2023). FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. In A. Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , & Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (Eds.), Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Curran Associates, Inc. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088' bjps: 'Hackel M (2023) FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Nyrud AQ et al. (eds). Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc.' chicago: 'Hackel, Martin. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Edited by Anders Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , and Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088.' chicago-de: 'Hackel, Martin. 2023. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Hg. von Anders Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , und Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc. doi:10.52202/069179-0088, .' din1505-2-1: 'Hackel, Martin ; Nyrud, A. Q. ; Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet ; Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet ; Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (Hrsg.): FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc., 2023' havard: M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2023. ieee: 'M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. doi: 10.52202/069179-0088.' mla: 'Hackel, Martin. “FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD.” Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway , edited by Anders Q. Nyrud et al., Curran Associates, Inc., 2023, https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088.' short: M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2023. ufg: 'Hackel, Martin: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, hg. von Nyrud, Anders Q. u. a., Red Hook, NY, USA 2023.' van: 'Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Nyrud AQ, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, editors. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc.; 2023.' conference: end_date: 2023-06-22 location: Oslo (Norwegen) name: 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) start_date: 2023-06-19 corporate_editor: - 'Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet ' - 'Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet ' - Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo date_created: 2023-10-26T13:59:52Z date_updated: 2024-06-03T14:10:01Z department: - _id: DEP7018 - _id: DEP1309 doi: 10.52202/069179-0088 editor: - first_name: 'Anders Q. ' full_name: 'Nyrud, Anders Q. ' last_name: Nyrud keyword: - Oil palm wood - finite element method (FEM) - GLT - modulus of elasticity - flexural strength language: - iso: eng place: Red Hook, NY, USA publication: 'Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway ' publication_identifier: eisbn: - 978-1-7138-7327-3 isbn: - 978-1-7138-7329-7 publication_status: published publisher: Curran Associates, Inc. status: public title: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD type: conference_editor_article user_id: '83781' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '10786' abstract: - lang: eng text: "The anatomical structure of oil palm wood is only to a limited extent comparable to common wood species\r\nused in construction. Typical for monocotyledons, the material is composed of high density vascular bundles and a\r\nparenchymatous tissue of lower density. In three experiment sets, the local and global moduli of elasticity (MOE) and the flexural strength of oil palm wood based GLT are determined using FEM and various influencing parameters are\r\ninvestigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the application of densified tension lamellas is studied. The results of the modelling are compared with the results from mechanical tests. Significant differences, mainly attributed to the\r\nspecific parameters of the selected material, are observed. The results of this preliminary study serve as a starting point for computer-aided optimisation and modelling of other oil palm-based products." author: - first_name: Martin full_name: Hackel, Martin id: '79798' last_name: Hackel citation: ama: Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023); 2023:647-656. doi:10.52202/069179-0088 apa: Hackel, M. (2023). FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. In World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) (pp. 647–656). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088 bjps: Hackel M (2023) FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). chicago: Hackel, Martin. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088. chicago-de: Hackel, Martin. 2023. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). doi:10.52202/069179-0088, . din1505-2-1: 'Hackel, Martin: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023' havard: M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. ieee: 'M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023, pp. 647–656. doi: 10.52202/069179-0088.' mla: Hackel, Martin. “FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD.” World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023, pp. 647–56, https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088. short: M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. ufg: 'Hackel, Martin: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, o. O. 2023.' van: Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023); 2023. conference: end_date: 2023-06-22 location: Oslo (Norwegen) name: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) start_date: 2023-06-19 date_created: 2023-11-21T07:44:35Z date_updated: 2025-05-24T13:21:52Z department: - _id: DEP7018 - _id: DEP1309 doi: 10.52202/069179-0088 keyword: - Oil palm wood - finite element method (FEM) - GLT - modulus of elasticity - flexural strength language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.proceedings.com/content/069/069179-0088open.pdf oa: '1' page: 647-656 publication: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) publication_status: published publisher: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) status: public title: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD type: conference_editor_article user_id: '79798' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '744' abstract: - lang: eng text: Silver cluster ions are produced by sputtering of solid silver by 25 keV Xe+ bombardment. After mass selection, collinear ion beam depletion technique is used to measure absolute photofragmentation cross-sections in the photon energy range from ħω = 2.3 to 5.7 eV. Giant resonances are found which can be interpreted in terms of a collective electron oscillation. The optical spectra of spherical Ag 9 + and Ag 21 + show a blue shift of the resonance energy, in contrast to an expected behaviour within the jellium model. For Ag 11 +, a splitting of the giant resonance is found. author: - first_name: J. full_name: Tiggesbäumker, J. last_name: Tiggesbäumker - first_name: Lars full_name: Köller, Lars id: '61649' last_name: Köller - first_name: H. full_name: O. Lutz, H. last_name: O. Lutz - first_name: Karl-Heinz full_name: Meiwes-Broer, Karl-Heinz last_name: Meiwes-Broer citation: ama: 'Tiggesbäumker J, Köller L, O. Lutz H, Meiwes-Broer K-H. Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Jena P, N. Khanna S, K. Rao B, eds. Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals. Vol 374. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer; 1992:1001-1006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135' apa: 'Tiggesbäumker, J., Köller, L., O. Lutz, H., & Meiwes-Broer, K.-H. (1992). Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, & B. K. Rao (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals (Vol. 374, pp. 1001–1006). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135' bjps: 'Tiggesbäumker J et al. (1992) Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In Jena P, N. Khanna S and K. Rao B (eds), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, vol. 374. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 1001–1006.' chicago: 'Tiggesbäumker, J., Lars Köller, H. O. Lutz, and Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer. “Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions.” In Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, edited by P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, and B. K. Rao, 374:1001–6. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135.' chicago-de: 'Tiggesbäumker, J., Lars Köller, H. O. Lutz und Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer. 1992. Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, hg. von P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, und B. K. Rao, 374:1001–1006. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135, .' din1505-2-1: 'Tiggesbäumker, J. ; Köller, Lars ; O. Lutz, H. ; Meiwes-Broer, Karl-Heinz: Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Jena, P. ; N. Khanna, S. ; K. Rao, B. (Hrsg.): Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, NATO Science Series. Bd. 374. Dordrecht : Springer, 1992, S. 1001–1006' havard: 'J. Tiggesbäumker, L. Köller, H. O. Lutz, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions, in: P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, B. K. Rao (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, Springer, Dordrecht, 1992: pp. 1001–1006.' ieee: 'J. Tiggesbäumker, L. Köller, H. O. Lutz, and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, “Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions,” in Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, vol. 374, P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, and B. K. Rao, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer, 1992, pp. 1001–1006.' mla: 'Tiggesbäumker, J., et al. “Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions.” Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, edited by P. Jena et al., vol. 374, Springer, 1992, pp. 1001–06, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135.' short: 'J. Tiggesbäumker, L. Köller, H. O. Lutz, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, in: P. Jena, S. N. Khanna, B. K. Rao (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, Springer, Dordrecht, 1992, pp. 1001–1006.' ufg: 'Tiggesbäumker, J. et. al. (1992): Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions, in: P. Jena et. al. (Hgg.): Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals (=NATO Science Series 374), Dordrecht, S. 1001–1006.' van: 'Tiggesbäumker J, Köller L, O. Lutz H, Meiwes-Broer K-H. Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions. In: Jena P, N. Khanna S, K. Rao B, editors. Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals. Dordrecht: Springer; 1992. p. 1001–6. (NATO Science Series; vol. 374).' date_created: 2019-03-14T08:44:09Z date_updated: 2023-03-15T13:50:09Z department: - _id: DEP1100 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135 editor: - first_name: P. full_name: Jena, P. last_name: Jena - first_name: S. full_name: N. Khanna, S. last_name: N. Khanna - first_name: B. full_name: K. Rao, B. last_name: K. Rao extern: '1' intvolume: ' 374' keyword: - Oscillator Strength - Collective Excitation - Giant Dipole Resonance - Silver Cluster - Gigant Resonance language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_135 page: 1001-1006 place: Dordrecht publication: 'Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals' publication_identifier: eisbn: - 978-94-017-2645-0 isbn: - 978-94-017-2647-4 publication_status: published publisher: Springer related_material: link: - relation: table_of_contents url: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-94-017-2645-0?page=1#toc series_title: NATO Science Series status: public title: Collective Excitation in Silver Cluster Ions type: book_chapter user_id: '68554' volume: 374 year: 1992 ...