@misc{12850,
  abstract     = {{Winter cover crops (CCs) provide substantial agronomic and environmental benefits, yet their influence on nitrogen (N) fertilization requirements and yield outcomes for subsequent crops remains underexplored. This study investigates the economic optimal nitrogen rates (EONRs) and corresponding yield effects for first (silage maize or sugar beet) and second (winter wheat) succeeding crops following CCs. Four CC species from different functional groups were compared to a bare fallow control on contrasting sandy and loamy soils across four German field sites over two consecutive cropping sequences. Results revealed opposing effects: reduced EONR and increased N use efficiency on sandy soils in silage maize sequences, particularly following oil radish and rye CCs, but increased EONR on loamy soils for sugar beet sequences, with vetch CC showing the most favourable outcomes. Yield impacts varied by CC type and soil, with oil radish consistently enhancing yields across sites. However, CC effects on EONR were not correlated with pre-winter N uptake in CC biomass, challenging simple N budgeting practices. Environmental analysis highlighted potential greenhouse gas savings via reduced fertilizer inputs on sandy soils but increased upstream emissions on loamy sites. These findings emphasize the need for site-specific CC selection to balance economic and environmental benefits, with oil radish and vetch emerging as optimal choices in our trials for sandy and loamy soils, respectively.}},
  author       = {{Kühling, Insa and Pahlmann, Ingo and Räbiger, Thomas and Helfrich, Mirjam and Flessa, Heinz and Schlathölter, Michaela and Koch, Heinz-Josef and Essich, Lisa and Ruser, Reiner and Reinhard-Kolempas, Marilena and Hoffmann, Annette and Kage, Henning}},
  booktitle    = {{Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems}},
  issn         = {{1573-0867}},
  keywords     = {{Catch crop, Silage maize, Sugar beet, Winter wheat, N-transfer, Cropping sequence, N recommendations}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Legacies of winter cover crops lead to opposing optimal N fertilisation rates and yields in first and second subsequent crops on contrasting soils}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10705-025-10400-0}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{9697,
  abstract     = {{Continuous processes offer more environmentally friendlier beer production compared to the batch production. However, the continuous production of mashing has not become state-of-the-art in the brewing industry. The controllability and flexibility of this process still has hurdles for practical implementation, but which are necessary to react to changing raw materials. Once overcome, a continuous mashing can be efficiently adapted to the raw materials. Both mean residence time and temperature were investigated as key parameters to influence the extract and fermentable sugar content of the wort. The continuous mashing process was implemented as continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) cascade consisting of mashing in (20°C), protein rest (50°C), β-amylase rest (62-64°C), saccharification rest (72°C) and mashing out (78°C). Two different temperature settings for the β-amylase rest were investigated with particular emphasis on fermentable sugars. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a post-hoc analysis showed that the mean residence time and temperature settings were suitable control parameters for the fermentable sugars. In the experimental conditions, the most pronounced effect was with the β-amylase rest. These results broaden the understanding of heterogenous CSTR mashing systems about assembly and selection of process parameters}},
  author       = {{Wefing, Patrick and Trilling, Marc and Gossen, Arthur and Neubauer, Peter and Schneider, Jan}},
  booktitle    = {{Journal of The Institute of Brewing}},
  keywords     = {{ontinuous mashing, continuous stirred tank reactor, mean residence time, fermentable sugar}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{1--23}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{A continuous mashing plant controlled by mean residence time}}},
  doi          = {{10.58430/jib.v129i1.7}},
  volume       = {{129}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{8346,
  author       = {{Sietz, Manfred and Siemens, Yvonne}},
  keywords     = {{catalyst, sugar, alcoholic fermentation, bioethanole, nanogold}},
  publisher    = {{Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}},
  title        = {{{Katalytische Beschleunigung der alkoholischen Gärung durch kristalline Oxidationskatalysatoren auf Basis von Nanogold/ Kieselgel}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.25644/n873-rm33}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{12805,
  abstract     = {{n recent decades, the demand for palm oil has constantly increased and with it the cultivation of oil palms. After a period of 25 years, the oil yield of the palm trees decreases and they are felled. The trees are cut into pieces and remain on the plantations. However, due to their high moisture and sugar content, fungi and molds cause problems for replanting. The use of the wood for the timber industry is difficult due to its structural characteristics. Biotechnological processes use microorganisms to produce relevant industrial products. The basis for each process is a culture medium that contains all necessary nutrients, especially carbohydrates. The culture medium makes up a high percentage of the costs, so alternative, cheaper substrates are preferred. In this review, we show and compare different analyses of the sap mechanically pressed from the oil palm trunk regarding its sugar and nutrient content. The total sugar concentration in the palm sap varies between 16.97–140 g L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and it is mainly composed of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The comparison with common nutrient media and the results of fermentation processes already carried out on a laboratory scale show that palm sap offers great potential as a fermentation medium for biotechnological conversion into industrially relevant products. }},
  author       = {{Dirkes, Rabea and Neubauer, Pia Rebecca and Rabenhorst, Jürgen}},
  booktitle    = {{Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining}},
  issn         = {{1932-1031}},
  keywords     = {{oil palm, trunks, pressed sap, Elaeis guineensis, sugar, nutrients, review}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{931--944}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Pressed sap from oil palm (<scp><i>Elaeis guineensis</i></scp>) trunks: a revolutionary growth medium for the biotechnological industry?}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/bbb.2201}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{5424,
  abstract     = {{Near infrared spectroscopy in combination with a transflection probe was investigated as inline measurement in a continuous flash pasteurizer system with a sugar-water model solution. Robustness and reproducibility of fluctuations of recorded spectra as well as trueness of the chemometric analysis were compared under different process parameter settings. Variable parameters were the flow rate (from laminar flow at 30 L/h to turbulent flow at 90 L/h), temperature (20 to 100 degrees C) and the path length of the transflection probe (2 and 4 mm) while the pressure was kept constant at 2.5 bar. Temperature and path length were identified as the most affecting parameters, in case of homogenous test medium. In case of particle containing systems, the flow rate could have an impact as well. However, the application of a PLS model, which includes a broad temperature range, and the correction of prediction results by applying a polynomial regression function for prediction errors, was able to compensate these effects. Also, a path length of 2 mm leads to a higher accuracy. The applied strategy shows that by the identification of relevant process parameters and settings as well as the establishment of a compensation strategy, near infrared spectroscopy is a powerful process analytical tool for continuous flash pasteurization systems.}},
  author       = {{Weishaupt, Imke and Zimmer, Manuel and Neubauer, Peter and Schneider, Jan}},
  isbn         = {{0022-1147}},
  issn         = {{1750-3841}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Food Science}},
  keywords     = {{flash pasteurization, inline near infrared spectroscopy, multivariate data analysis, process condition influences, sugar-water-solution model beverage}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{2020 -- 2031}},
  title        = {{{Model based optimization of transflection near infrared spectroscopy as a process analytical tool in a continuous flash pasteurizer}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/1750-3841.15307}},
  volume       = {{85}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}