@misc{11492,
  abstract     = {{In this review, we aim to highlight the advantages, challenges, and limitations of electronic tongues (e-tongues) in pharmaceutical drug development. The authors, therefore, critically evaluated the performance of e-tongues regarding their qualification to assess peroral formulations containing bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients. A literature search using the keywords ‘electronic’, ‘tongue’, ‘bitter’, and ‘drug’ in a Web of Science search was therefore initially conducted. Reviewing the publications of the past decade, and further literature where necessary, allowed the authors to discuss whether and how e-tongues perform as expected and whether they have the potential to become a standard tool in drug development. Specifically highlighted are the expectations an e-tongue should meet. Further, a brief insight into the technologies of the utilized e-tongues is given. Reliable protocols were found that enable (i) the qualified performance of e-tongue instruments from an analytical perspective, (ii) proper taste-masking assessments, and (iii) under certain circumstances, the evaluation of bitterness.}},
  author       = {{Steiner, Denise and Meyer, Alexander and Immohr, Isabell and Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam}},
  booktitle    = {{Pharmaceutics}},
  issn         = {{1999-4923 }},
  keywords     = {{e-tongues, performance, qualification, taste masking, bitterness, dosage forms, drug formulations}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}