@misc{12801,
  abstract     = {{The present contribution derives a theoretical framework for constructing novel geometrical constraints in the context of density-based topology optimization. Principally, the predefined geometrical dimensionality is enforced locally on the components of the optimized structures. These constraints are defined using the principal values (singular values) from a singular value decomposition of points clouds represented by elemental centroids and the corresponding relative density design variables. The proposed approach is numerically implemented for demonstrating the designing of lattice or membrane-like structures. Several numerical examples confirm the validity of the derived theoretical framework for geometric dimensionality control.}},
  author       = {{Gerzen, Nikolai and Mertins, Thorsten and Pedersen, Claus B. W.}},
  booktitle    = {{Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization}},
  issn         = {{1615-147X}},
  keywords     = {{Manufacturing constraints, Topology optimization, Geometric constraints, Gradient based structural optimization, Lattice designing, Additive manufacturing}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Geometric dimensionality control of structural components in topology optimization}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00158-022-03252-7}},
  volume       = {{65}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{457,
  abstract     = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM) increasingly enables the realization of structures, which have a much greater freedom of design und can therefore better  use  nature  as  a  design  ideal.  Bionic  design  principles  have  already been introduced  into  general  design  approaches,  and  several topology optimization systems (TO) are available today to increase structural stiffness and  to  enable  lightweight  design.  AM  and  TO,  used  in  synergy,  promise completely  new  application areas. However,  staircase effects resulting from a  layer-by-layer  build  process  and  unavoidable  support  structures  which must be mechanically removed afterwards are disadvantageous with respect to surface texture and strength properties.
The present article addresses the question  of how far the notches resulting from the staircase effect of Additive Manufacturing and the support structures  removed  decrease  the  strength  of  components.  Most  engineers try  to follow the inner flow of forces in a part’s design by smoothening surfaces in notched areas. Considering  this,  a  elected component  is investigated  with  finite  element  analysis  (FEA)  with  special  regard  for  the concentration  of  tress arising from surface notch effects. An outlook is given as regards how a reduction of the notch effect from the taircase effect can be achieved effectively.}},
  author       = {{Scheideler, Eva and Villmer, Franz-Josef and Adam, G. and Timmer, Mirco}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management Proceedings 6th International Conference}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-00-9}},
  keywords     = {{Additive  Manufacturing, Topology optimization, Staircase effect, Support structures, Stress concentration, Lightweight construction, Design rules, Notch effect}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{39--50}},
  title        = {{{Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing – A Perfect Symbiosis?}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{598,
  abstract     = {{The aerospace sector is characterized by long product life cycles and a need for lightweight design. Additive manufacturing is a technology that produces parts layer by layer and thus enables the manufacturing of any complex parts at nearly no extra costs. A topology optimization enhances the part’s
performance for their special purpose. The results are often complex bionic structures that cannot be produced with conventional manufacturing technologies. The paper analyzes how the high potential of this technologycan be applied to aerospace parts. A topology optimization will be conducted for an aircraft part explaining the crucial points and a life cycle analysis examines the achieved sustainable improvements for the aircraft’s life cycle.
}},
  author       = {{Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-941645-11-0}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, topology optimization, aerospace, life cycle costs}},
  location     = {{Trieste, Italy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{207--218}},
  title        = {{{Hybrid Manufacturing Machines: Combining Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Technologies}}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}