---
_id: '12787'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be utilized to inactivate murine
    norovirus (MNV), a surrogate of human norovirus, on surface areas. However, vapor
    phase H2O2 inactivation of virus on fruits and vegetables has not been characterized.
    In this study, MNV was used to determine whether vaporized H2O2 inactivates virus
    on surfaces of various fruits and vegetables (apples, blueberries, cucumbers,
    and strawberries). The effect of vapor phase H2O2 decontamination was investigated
    with two application systems. Plaque assays were performed after virus recovery
    from untreated and treated fresh produce to compare the quantity of infective
    MNV. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to the test results to evaluate the virus
    titer reductions of treated food samples, with significance set at P <= 0.05.
    The infective MNV populations were significantly reduced on smooth surfaces by
    4.3 log PFU (apples, P < 0.00001) and 4 log PFU or below the detection limit (blueberries,
    P = 0.0074) by treatment with vapor phase H2O2 (60 min, maximum of 214 ppm of
    H2O2). Similar treatments of artificially contaminated cucumbers resulted in a
    virus titer reduction of 1.9 log PFU. Treatment of inoculated strawberries resulted
    in 0.1and 2.8-log reductions of MNV. However, MNV reduction rates on cucumbers
    (P = 0.3809) and strawberries (P = 0,7414) were not significant. Triangle tests
    and color measurements of untreated and treated apples, cucumbers, blueberries,
    and strawberries revealed no differences in color and consistency after H2O2 treatment.
    No increase of the H2O2 concentration in treated fruits and vegetables compared
    with untreated produce was observed. This study reveals for the first time the
    conditions under which vapor phase H2O2 inactivates MNV on selected fresh fruit
    and vegetable surfaces.
author:
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Becker, Barbara
  id: '12640'
  last_name: Becker
- first_name: Mareike
  full_name: Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike
  id: '66516'
  last_name: Dabisch-Ruthe
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7644-0826
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Pfannebecker, Jens
  id: '45690'
  last_name: Pfannebecker
  orcid: 0009-0005-4133-5442
citation:
  ama: Becker B, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Pfannebecker J. Inactivation of Murine Norovirus
    on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide. <i>  Journal
    of food protection </i>. 2020;83(1):45-51. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238">10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238</a>
  apa: Becker, B., Dabisch-Ruthe, M., &#38; Pfannebecker, J. (2020). Inactivation
    of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide.
    <i>  Journal of Food Protection </i>, <i>83</i>(1), 45–51. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238">https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238</a>
  bjps: <b>Becker B, Dabisch-Ruthe M and Pfannebecker J</b> (2020) Inactivation of
    Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide.
    <i>  Journal of food protection </i> <b>83</b>, 45–51.
  chicago: 'Becker, Barbara, Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe, and Jens Pfannebecker. “Inactivation
    of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide.”
    <i>  Journal of Food Protection </i> 83, no. 1 (2020): 45–51. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238">https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Becker, Barbara, Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe und Jens Pfannebecker. 2020.
    Inactivation of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase
    Hydrogen Peroxide. <i>  Journal of food protection </i> 83, Nr. 1: 45–51. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238">10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Becker, Barbara</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pfannebecker,
    Jens</span>: Inactivation of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces
    by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide. In: <i>  Journal of food protection </i> Bd.
    83. Des Moines, Iowa, IAFP (2020), Nr. 1, S. 45–51'
  havard: B. Becker, M. Dabisch-Ruthe, J. Pfannebecker, Inactivation of Murine Norovirus
    on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide,   Journal of
    Food Protection . 83 (2020) 45–51.
  ieee: 'B. Becker, M. Dabisch-Ruthe, and J. Pfannebecker, “Inactivation of Murine
    Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide,” <i> 
    Journal of food protection </i>, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 45–51, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238">10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238</a>.'
  mla: Becker, Barbara, et al. “Inactivation of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable
    Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide.” <i>  Journal of Food Protection </i>,
    vol. 83, no. 1, 2020, pp. 45–51, <a href="https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238">https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238</a>.
  short: B. Becker, M. Dabisch-Ruthe, J. Pfannebecker,   Journal of Food Protection  83
    (2020) 45–51.
  ufg: '<b>Becker, Barbara/Dabisch-Ruthe, Mareike/Pfannebecker, Jens</b>: Inactivation
    of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide,
    in: <i>  Journal of food protection </i> 83 (2020), H. 1,  S. 45–51.'
  van: Becker B, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Pfannebecker J. Inactivation of Murine Norovirus
    on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide.   Journal of
    food protection . 2020;83(1):45–51.
date_created: 2025-04-15T07:59:20Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:42:15Z
department:
- _id: DEP4000
doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-238
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000539418200006'
  pmid:
  - '31821018'
intvolume: '        83'
isi: '1'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Fruits
- Inactivation
- Murine norovirus
- Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide
- Vegetables
language:
- iso: eng
page: 45-51
place: Des Moines, Iowa
pmid: '1'
publication: '  Journal of food protection '
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1944-9097
  issn:
  - 0362-028X
publication_status: published
publisher: IAFP
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Inactivation of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase
  Hydrogen Peroxide
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 83
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '12974'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "BACKGROUND\r\nFruits and vegetables have increasingly been related to foodborne
    outbreaks. Besides surface contamination, a possible internalization of microorganisms
    into edible parts of plants during growth has already been observed. To examine
    an actual risk for the consumer, microbial contamination of the rind and pulp
    of 147 muskmelons from international trade was assessed using cultural and biochemical
    methods, polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time
    of flight mass spectrometry.\r\nRESULTS\r\nOne hundred percent of the rind samples
    [3.69–8.92 log colony forming units (CFU) g−1] and 89.8% of the pulp samples (maximum
    load 3.66 log CFU g−1) were microbiologically contaminated. Among the 432 pulp
    isolates, opportunistic and potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified, mainly
    Staphylococcus spp. (48.9%), Clostridium spp. (42.9%) and Enterobacteriaceae (27.9%).
    Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and isolates of the Bacillus cereus group were
    found on the rind (1.4%, 0.7% and 42.9%, respectively) and in the pulp (0.7%,
    1.4% and 4.7%). Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the rind of seven melons.\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nThe
    present study revealed a regularly occurring internal contamination of melons.
    Possible health risks for consumers because of an occurrence of microorganisms
    in melon pulp should be considered in future food safety assessments. © 2018 Society
    of Chemical Industry."
author:
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Esteban‐Cuesta, Irene
  last_name: Esteban‐Cuesta
- first_name: Nathalie
  full_name: Drees, Nathalie
  last_name: Drees
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Stauch, Peter
  last_name: Stauch
- first_name: Brigitte
  full_name: Sperner, Brigitte
  last_name: Sperner
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Schwaiger, Karin
  last_name: Schwaiger
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Gareis, Manfred
  last_name: Gareis
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Gottschalk, Christoph
  last_name: Gottschalk
citation:
  ama: 'Esteban‐Cuesta I, Drees N, Ulrich S, et al. Endogenous microbial contamination
    of melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international trade: an underestimated risk
    for the consumer? <i>Journal of the science of food and agriculture : incorporating
    Agri-Biotech</i>. 2018;98(13):5074-5081. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045">10.1002/jsfa.9045</a>'
  apa: 'Esteban‐Cuesta, I., Drees, N., Ulrich, S., Stauch, P., Sperner, B., Schwaiger,
    K., Gareis, M., &#38; Gottschalk, C. (2018). Endogenous microbial contamination
    of melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international trade: an underestimated risk
    for the consumer? <i>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture : Incorporating
    Agri-Biotech</i>, <i>98</i>(13), 5074–5081. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045">https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Esteban‐Cuesta I <i>et al.</i></b> (2018) Endogenous Microbial Contamination
    of Melons (<i>Cucumis Melo</i>) from International Trade: An Underestimated Risk
    for the Consumer? <i>Journal of the science of food and agriculture : incorporating
    Agri-Biotech</i> <b>98</b>, 5074–5081.'
  chicago: 'Esteban‐Cuesta, Irene, Nathalie Drees, Sebastian Ulrich, Peter Stauch,
    Brigitte Sperner, Karin Schwaiger, Manfred Gareis, and Christoph Gottschalk. “Endogenous
    Microbial Contamination of Melons (<i>Cucumis Melo</i>) from International Trade:
    An Underestimated Risk for the Consumer?” <i>Journal of the Science of Food and
    Agriculture : Incorporating Agri-Biotech</i> 98, no. 13 (2018): 5074–81. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045">https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Esteban‐Cuesta, Irene, Nathalie Drees, Sebastian Ulrich, Peter Stauch,
    Brigitte Sperner, Karin Schwaiger, Manfred Gareis und Christoph Gottschalk. 2018.
    Endogenous microbial contamination of melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international
    trade: an underestimated risk for the consumer? <i>Journal of the science of food
    and agriculture : incorporating Agri-Biotech</i> 98, Nr. 13: 5074–5081. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045">10.1002/jsfa.9045</a>, .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Esteban‐Cuesta, Irene</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Drees, Nathalie</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stauch, Peter</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sperner, Brigitte</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwaiger,
    Karin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gareis, Manfred</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gottschalk, Christoph</span>: Endogenous
    microbial contamination of melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international trade:
    an underestimated risk for the consumer? In: <i>Journal of the science of food
    and agriculture : incorporating Agri-Biotech</i> Bd. 98. Chichester, Wiley (2018),
    Nr. 13, S. 5074–5081'
  havard: 'I. Esteban‐Cuesta, N. Drees, S. Ulrich, P. Stauch, B. Sperner, K. Schwaiger,
    M. Gareis, C. Gottschalk, Endogenous microbial contamination of melons (<i>Cucumis
    melo</i>) from international trade: an underestimated risk for the consumer?,
    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture : Incorporating Agri-Biotech. 98
    (2018) 5074–5081.'
  ieee: 'I. Esteban‐Cuesta <i>et al.</i>, “Endogenous microbial contamination of melons
    (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international trade: an underestimated risk for the
    consumer?,” <i>Journal of the science of food and agriculture : incorporating
    Agri-Biotech</i>, vol. 98, no. 13, pp. 5074–5081, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045">10.1002/jsfa.9045</a>.'
  mla: 'Esteban‐Cuesta, Irene, et al. “Endogenous Microbial Contamination of Melons
    (<i>Cucumis Melo</i>) from International Trade: An Underestimated Risk for the
    Consumer?” <i>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture : Incorporating Agri-Biotech</i>,
    vol. 98, no. 13, 2018, pp. 5074–81, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045">https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9045</a>.'
  short: 'I. Esteban‐Cuesta, N. Drees, S. Ulrich, P. Stauch, B. Sperner, K. Schwaiger,
    M. Gareis, C. Gottschalk, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture : Incorporating
    Agri-Biotech 98 (2018) 5074–5081.'
  ufg: '<b>Esteban‐Cuesta, Irene u. a.</b>: Endogenous microbial contamination of
    melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international trade: an underestimated risk
    for the consumer?, in: <i>Journal of the science of food and agriculture : incorporating
    Agri-Biotech</i> 98 (2018), H. 13,  S. 5074–5081.'
  van: 'Esteban‐Cuesta I, Drees N, Ulrich S, Stauch P, Sperner B, Schwaiger K, et
    al. Endogenous microbial contamination of melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international
    trade: an underestimated risk for the consumer? Journal of the science of food
    and agriculture : incorporating Agri-Biotech. 2018;98(13):5074–81.'
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:28:46Z
date_updated: 2025-06-18T11:32:30Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9045
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        98'
issue: '13'
keyword:
- foodborne pathogens
- Salmonella
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Enterobacteriaceae
- vegetables
language:
- iso: eng
page: 5074-5081
place: Chichester
publication: 'Journal of the science of food and agriculture : incorporating Agri-Biotech'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1097-0010
  issn:
  - 0022-5142
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Endogenous microbial contamination of melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) from international
  trade: an underestimated risk for the consumer?'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 98
year: '2018'
...