[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000776925600001"]},"date_created":"2025-04-17T06:46:05Z","article_number":"2905","user_id":"83781","date_updated":"2025-06-26T13:30:48Z","year":"2022","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are developed to reduce fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Common powertrain configurations of PHEVs (i.e., the configuration of the combustion engine, electric motor, and transmission) can be operated either in series, parallel, or power split hybrid mode, whereas powertrain configurations with multimode transmissions enable switching between those modes during vehicle operation. Hence, depending on the current operation state of the vehicle, the most appropriate mode in terms efficiency can be selected. This, however, requires an operating strategy, which controls the mode selection as well as the torque distribution between the combustion engine and electric motor with the aim of optimal battery depletion and minimal fuel consumption. A well-known approach is the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). It can be applied by using optimizations based on a prediction of the future driving behavior. Since the outcome of the ECMS depends on the quality of this prediction, it is crucial to know how accurate the predictions must be in order to obtain acceptable results. In this contribution, various prediction methods and real-time capable ECMS implementations are analyzed and compared in terms of the achievable fuel economy. The basis for the analysis is a holistic model of a state-of-the-art PHEV powertrain configuration, comprising the multimode transmission, corresponding powertrain components, and representative real-world driving data."}],"type":"scientific_journal_article","_id":"12814","volume":12,"author":[{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Geng","id":"43696","full_name":"Geng, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242","first_name":"Thomas"},{"id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","first_name":"Jürgen"}],"status":"public","place":"Basel","doi":"10.3390/app12062905","issue":"6","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2076-3417"]},"title":"Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"publication":"Applied Sciences","isi":"1","keyword":["PHEV","ECMS","multimode transmission","optimization","powertrain modeling"],"publisher":"MDPI AG","citation":{"ieee":"S. Geng, T. Schulte, and J. Maas, “Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” <i>Applied Sciences</i>, vol. 12, no. 6, Art. no. 2905, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905\">10.3390/app12062905</a>.","van":"Geng S, Schulte T, Maas J. Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Applied Sciences. 2022;12(6).","chicago-de":"Geng, Stefan, Thomas Schulte und Jürgen Maas. 2022. Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. <i>Applied Sciences</i> 12, Nr. 6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905\">10.3390/app12062905</a>, .","bjps":"<b>Geng S, Schulte T and Maas J</b> (2022) Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. <i>Applied Sciences</i> <b>12</b>.","havard":"S. Geng, T. Schulte, J. Maas, Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Applied Sciences. 12 (2022).","ufg":"<b>Geng, Stefan/Schulte, Thomas/Maas, Jürgen</b>: Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, in: <i>Applied Sciences</i> 12 (2022), H. 6.","mla":"Geng, Stefan, et al. “Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” <i>Applied Sciences</i>, vol. 12, no. 6, 2905, 2022, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905\">https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905</a>.","ama":"Geng S, Schulte T, Maas J. Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. <i>Applied Sciences</i>. 2022;12(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905\">10.3390/app12062905</a>","short":"S. Geng, T. Schulte, J. Maas, Applied Sciences 12 (2022).","chicago":"Geng, Stefan, Thomas Schulte, and Jürgen Maas. “Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” <i>Applied Sciences</i> 12, no. 6 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905\">https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905</a>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Geng, Stefan</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span>: Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. In: <i>Applied Sciences</i> Bd. 12. Basel, MDPI AG (2022), Nr. 6","apa":"Geng, S., Schulte, T., &#38; Maas, J. (2022). Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. <i>Applied Sciences</i>, <i>12</i>(6), Article 2905. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905\">https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062905</a>"},"intvolume":"        12"},{"year":2016,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","user_id":"74004","conference":{"end_date":"2016-09-30","location":"Busan, South Korea ","start_date":"2016-09-26","name":"36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)"},"date_created":"2020-11-23T17:53:44Z","publication":"36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-1-5108-6958-5"]},"department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"title":"“Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology","place":"Red Hook","author":[{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Herber","full_name":"Herber, Sebastian","id":"74783"},{"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Horst","full_name":"Horst, J."},{"first_name":"T.","last_name":"Gassmann","full_name":"Gassmann, T."},{"first_name":"W.","last_name":"Hldebrandt","full_name":"Hldebrandt, W."},{"full_name":"Haupt, J.","last_name":"Haupt","first_name":"J."},{"last_name":"Abbenhaus","full_name":"Abbenhaus, M.","first_name":"M."},{"last_name":"Werkhausen","full_name":"Werkhausen, M.","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Schulte","id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas"},{"id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"id":"43696","full_name":"Geng, Stefan","last_name":"Geng","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Hegger","full_name":"Hegger, C.","first_name":"C."}],"status":"public","publisher":"Curran Associates, Inc.","_id":"4022","type":"conference","citation":{"havard":"S. Herber, J. Horst, T. Gassmann, W. Hldebrandt, J. Haupt, M. Abbenhaus, M. Werkhausen, T. Schulte, J. Maas, S. Geng, C. Hegger, “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology, in: 36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, 2016.","ufg":"<b>Herber, Sebastian et. al. (2016)</b>: “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology, in: <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>, Red Hook.","ama":"Herber S, Horst J, Gassmann T, et al. “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology. In: <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>. Red Hook: Curran Associates, Inc.; 2016.","apa":"Herber, S., Horst, J., Gassmann, T., Hldebrandt, W., Haupt, J., Abbenhaus, M., … Hegger, C. (2016). “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology. In <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>. Red Hook: Curran Associates, Inc.","ieee":"S. Herber <i>et al.</i>, “‘Phevplus’ - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology,” in <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>, Busan, South Korea , 2016.","van":"Herber S, Horst J, Gassmann T, Hldebrandt W, Haupt J, Abbenhaus M, et al. “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology. In: 36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles. Red Hook: Curran Associates, Inc.; 2016.","mla":"Herber, Sebastian, et al. “‘Phevplus’ - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology.” <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>, Curran Associates, Inc., 2016.","chicago":"Herber, Sebastian, J. Horst, T. Gassmann, W. Hldebrandt, J. Haupt, M. Abbenhaus, M. Werkhausen, et al. “‘Phevplus’ - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology.” In <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>. Red Hook: Curran Associates, Inc., 2016.","short":"S. Herber, J. Horst, T. Gassmann, W. Hldebrandt, J. Haupt, M. Abbenhaus, M. Werkhausen, T. Schulte, J. Maas, S. Geng, C. Hegger, in: 36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, 2016.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\"><span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Herber, Sebastian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Horst, J.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Gassmann, T.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hldebrandt, W.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Haupt, J.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Abbenhaus, M.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Werkhausen, M.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; u. a.</span>: “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology. In: <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>. Red Hook : Curran Associates, Inc., 2016","chicago-de":"Herber, Sebastian, J. Horst, T. Gassmann, W. Hldebrandt, J. Haupt, M. Abbenhaus, M. Werkhausen, u. a. 2016. “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology. In: <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>. Red Hook: Curran Associates, Inc.","bjps":"<b>Herber S <i>et al.</i></b> (2016) “Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology. <i>36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016)  : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles</i>. Red Hook: Curran Associates, Inc."}},{"author":[{"full_name":"Griese, Martin","id":"52308","last_name":"Griese","first_name":"Martin"},{"full_name":"Pawlik, Thomas","id":"58915","last_name":"Pawlik","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","last_name":"Schulte"},{"id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","first_name":"Jürgen"}],"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"For investigating combined grid systems including electrical, thermal and chemical grids, a scientific approach based on Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is carried out where models as virtual energy components are coupled with experimental facilities. In this contribution, a bidirectional fuel cell system is described in detail as a virtual energy component considering the bidirectional fuel cell, the power inverter and the local management. For modelling the bidirectional cell, the electrochemical domain is considered by a physical-based approach in a first step. Common models for unidirectional fuel cells or electrolysis cells are discussed regarding the applicability for bidirectional cells. Afterwards, the DC-DC converter as part of the overall power inverter is considered for modelling. A novel averaged model for the dual active bridge based on the method by Sanders and Verghese is presented. Finally, the overall model and local management of such systems are discussed."}],"type":"conference","_id":"4024","page":"186 - 191","citation":{"van":"Griese M, Pawlik T, Schulte T, Maas J. Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems. In IEEE; 2016. p. 186–91.","ieee":"M. Griese, T. Pawlik, T. Schulte, and J. Maas, “Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems,” presented at the 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG), Bydgoszcz, Poland , 2016, pp. 186–191.","chicago-de":"Griese, Martin, Thomas Pawlik, Thomas Schulte und Jürgen Maas. 2016. Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems. In: , 186–191. IEEE.","bjps":"<b>Griese M <i>et al.</i></b> (2016) Electrodynamical Modelling of Bidirectional Fuel Cell Systems for HIL Simulations of Combined Grid Systems. IEEE, pp. 186–191.","havard":"M. Griese, T. Pawlik, T. Schulte, J. Maas, Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems, in: IEEE, 2016: pp. 186–191.","ufg":"<b>Griese, Martin et. al. (2016)</b>: Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems, in: , S. 186–191.","short":"M. Griese, T. Pawlik, T. Schulte, J. Maas, in: IEEE, 2016, pp. 186–191.","ama":"Griese M, Pawlik T, Schulte T, Maas J. Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems. In: IEEE; 2016:186-191.","chicago":"Griese, Martin, Thomas Pawlik, Thomas Schulte, and Jürgen Maas. “Electrodynamical Modelling of Bidirectional Fuel Cell Systems for HIL Simulations of Combined Grid Systems,” 186–91. IEEE, 2016.","mla":"Griese, Martin, et al. <i>Electrodynamical Modelling of Bidirectional Fuel Cell Systems for HIL Simulations of Combined Grid Systems</i>. IEEE, 2016, pp. 186–91.","apa":"Griese, M., Pawlik, T., Schulte, T., &#38; Maas, J. (2016). Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems (pp. 186–191). Presented at the 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG), Bydgoszcz, Poland : IEEE.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pawlik, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span>: Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems. In:  : IEEE, 2016, S. 186–191"},"publisher":"IEEE","user_id":"74004","date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","year":2016,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2166-9546 "]},"publication_status":"published","title":"Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7544182"}],"date_created":"2020-11-23T18:20:57Z","conference":{"name":"10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG)","location":"Bydgoszcz, Poland ","start_date":"2016-06-29","end_date":"2016-07-01"}},{"status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Pawlik","full_name":"Pawlik, Thomas","id":"58915"},{"first_name":"Martin","id":"52308","full_name":"Griese, Martin","last_name":"Griese"},{"first_name":"Joachim","full_name":"Dohmann, Joachim","id":"5089","last_name":"Dohmann"},{"last_name":"Maas","id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242"}],"citation":{"ieee":"T. Pawlik, M. Griese, J. Dohmann, J. Maas, and T. Schulte, “Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies,” presented at the ECRES 2015, Antalya, Türkei, 2015.","van":"Pawlik T, Griese M, Dohmann J, Maas J, Schulte T. Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies. In 2015.","ama":"Pawlik T, Griese M, Dohmann J, Maas J, Schulte T. Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies. In: ; 2015.","apa":"Pawlik, T., Griese, M., Dohmann, J., Maas, J., &#38; Schulte, T. (2015). Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies. Presented at the ECRES 2015, Antalya, Türkei.","havard":"T. Pawlik, M. Griese, J. Dohmann, J. Maas, T. Schulte, Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies, in: 2015.","ufg":"<b>Pawlik, Thomas et. al. (2015)</b>: Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies, in: .","chicago-de":"Pawlik, Thomas, Martin Griese, Joachim Dohmann, Jürgen Maas und Thomas Schulte. 2015. Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies. In: .","bjps":"<b>Pawlik T <i>et al.</i></b> (2015) Concept of a Bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for Technical and Economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies.","mla":"Pawlik, Thomas, et al. <i>Concept of a Bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for Technical and Economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies</i>. 2015.","short":"T. Pawlik, M. Griese, J. Dohmann, J. Maas, T. Schulte, in: 2015.","chicago":"Pawlik, Thomas, Martin Griese, Joachim Dohmann, Jürgen Maas, and Thomas Schulte. “Concept of a Bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for Technical and Economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies,” 2015.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pawlik, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Dohmann, Joachim</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span>: Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies. In: , 2015"},"type":"conference_abstract","_id":"4089","year":2015,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","user_id":"74004","conference":{"name":"ECRES 2015","location":"Antalya, Türkei"},"date_created":"2020-11-25T09:50:47Z","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"title":"Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publisher":"Yildiz Technical University ","citation":{"ufg":"<b>Griese, Martin et. al. (2015)</b>: A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies, in: <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i> <i>1</i> (<i>6</i>), S. 467–487.","havard":"M. Griese, T. Schulte, J. Maas, A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies, Journal of Thermal Engineering. 1 (2015) 467–487.","apa":"Griese, M., Schulte, T., &#38; Maas, J. (2015). A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies. <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i>, <i>1</i>(6), 467–487.","ama":"Griese M, Schulte T, Maas J. A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies. <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i>. 2015;1(6):467-487.","ieee":"M. Griese, T. Schulte, and J. Maas, “A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies,” <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 467–487, 2015.","van":"Griese M, Schulte T, Maas J. A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2015;1(6):467–87.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span>: A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies. In: <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i> Bd. 1. Istanbul, Yildiz Technical University  (2015), Nr. 6, S. 467–487","mla":"Griese, Martin, et al. “A Holistic Modeling and Simulation Approach to Optimize a Smart Combined Grid System of Different Renewable Energies.” <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 1, no. 6, Yildiz Technical University , 2015, pp. 467–87.","chicago":"Griese, Martin, Thomas Schulte, and Jürgen Maas. “A Holistic Modeling and Simulation Approach to Optimize a Smart Combined Grid System of Different Renewable Energies.” <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i> 1, no. 6 (2015): 467–87.","short":"M. Griese, T. Schulte, J. Maas, Journal of Thermal Engineering 1 (2015) 467–487.","bjps":"<b>Griese M, Schulte T and Maas J</b> (2015) A Holistic Modeling and Simulation Approach to Optimize a Smart Combined Grid System of Different Renewable Energies. <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i> <b>1</b>, 467–487.","chicago-de":"Griese, Martin, Thomas Schulte und Jürgen Maas. 2015. A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies. <i>Journal of Thermal Engineering</i> 1, Nr. 6: 467–487."},"intvolume":"         1","publication":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","issue":"6","title":"A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2148-7847"]},"publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","volume":1,"_id":"4018","type":"journal_article","page":"467 - 487","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this contribution, a model-based method for analyzing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domains is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. This virtual coupling has the further advantage of a simple scalability so that existing real components can be used for different applications. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behavior. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a first virtual energy component. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Besides the modeling of a standalone CHP unit, its integration into a simulated electrical grid is discussed as well. Afterwards, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium size CHP unit. Finally, the model is used for simulations of an exemplary electrical grid."}],"place":"Istanbul","status":"public","author":[{"last_name":"Griese","id":"52308","full_name":"Griese, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","id":"1827","last_name":"Maas"}],"date_created":"2020-11-23T14:39:24Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"file:///C:/Users/czr-e2t/AppData/Local/Temp/JTEN-2015-1-6.795.pdf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","year":2015,"user_id":"74004"},{"publisher":"Shaker Verlag","citation":{"havard":"T. Schulte, M. Griese, T. Pawlik, J. Maas, Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft, in: S. Schwickert, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Eds.), Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 2015: pp. 117–126.","ufg":"<b>Schulte, Thomas et. al. (2015)</b>: Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft, in: Susanne Schwickert/Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Hgg.): <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i> (=<i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>), Aachen, S. 117–126.","mla":"Schulte, Thomas, et al. “Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft.” <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>, edited by Susanne Schwickert and Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, vol. 2015, Shaker Verlag, 2015, pp. 117–26.","ama":"Schulte T, Griese M, Pawlik T, Maas J. Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft. In: Schwickert S, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, eds. <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>. Vol 2015. Detmolder Bauphysiktag. Aachen: Shaker Verlag; 2015:117-126.","short":"T. Schulte, M. Griese, T. Pawlik, J. Maas, in: S. Schwickert, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Eds.), Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 2015, pp. 117–126.","chicago":"Schulte, Thomas, Martin Griese, Thomas Pawlik, and Jürgen Maas. “Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft.” In <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>, edited by Susanne Schwickert and Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 2015:117–26. Detmolder Bauphysiktag. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 2015.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pawlik, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span>: Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft. In: <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schwickert, S.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>, <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag</i>. Bd. 2015. Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 2015, S. 117–126","apa":"Schulte, T., Griese, M., Pawlik, T., &#38; Maas, J. (2015). Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft. In S. Schwickert &#38; Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Eds.), <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i> (Vol. 2015, pp. 117–126). Aachen: Shaker Verlag.","ieee":"T. Schulte, M. Griese, T. Pawlik, and J. Maas, “Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft,” in <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>, vol. 2015, S. Schwickert and Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Eds. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 2015, pp. 117–126.","van":"Schulte T, Griese M, Pawlik T, Maas J. Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft. In: Schwickert S, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, editors. Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015. Aachen: Shaker Verlag; 2015. p. 117–26. (Detmolder Bauphysiktag; vol. 2015).","bjps":"<b>Schulte T <i>et al.</i></b> (2015) Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft. In Schwickert S and Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (eds), <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>, vol. 2015. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, pp. 117–126.","chicago-de":"Schulte, Thomas, Martin Griese, Thomas Pawlik und Jürgen Maas. 2015. Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft. In: <i>Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015</i>, hg. von Susanne Schwickert und Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 2015:117–126. Detmolder Bauphysiktag. Aachen: Shaker Verlag."},"series_title":"Detmolder Bauphysiktag","intvolume":"      2015","publication":"Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015","title":"Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-8440-3484-4"]},"volume":2015,"_id":"4019","page":"117 - 126","type":"book_chapter","abstract":[{"lang":"ger","text":"Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wurde die Notwendigkeit intelligenter, gekoppelter Verbundsysteme diskutiert und ein wissenschaftlicher Ansatz zur Optimierung solcher Systeme vorgestellt. Der Ansatz basiert auf einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung im Rahmen einer Echtzeitsimulation mit gekoppelten realen Komponenten. Zur virtuellen Koppelung wird ein Simulationsmanager eingesetzt, der eine Skalierung der realen Komponenten erlaubt. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Adaptierung von realen und simulierten Komponenten an das jeweils betrachtete Szenario. Als eine erste simulierte Komponente wurde eine KWK-Anlage untersucht und bezüglich der elektrischen, thermischen, mechanischen und chemischen Domänen modelliert. Das Gesamtmodell berücksichtigt das Verhalten des Verbrennungsmotors, des Synchrongenerators und der Wärmeübertrager. Mit Hilfe von Messgrößen einer realen KWK-Anlage wurde im Anschluss das Gesamtmodell validiert. Die generierten Simulationsergebnisse weisen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den erhobenen Messdaten auf. Aktuell werden weitere Energiekomponenten untersucht, um Energiesysteme ganzheitlich optimieren zu können.\r\nDieser Beitrag ist im Rahmen des vom Land NRW geförderten Forschungsschwerpunktes „Intelligente Energiesysteme (IES)“ im Projekt „Smart Energy Village“ entstanden."}],"editor":[{"last_name":"Schwickert","full_name":"Schwickert, Susanne","id":"27269","first_name":"Susanne"}],"place":"Aachen","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242","last_name":"Schulte"},{"id":"52308","full_name":"Griese, Martin","last_name":"Griese","first_name":"Martin"},{"last_name":"Pawlik","full_name":"Pawlik, Thomas","id":"58915","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Maas","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","id":"1827","first_name":"Jürgen"}],"corporate_editor":["Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe"],"date_created":"2020-11-23T14:45:15Z","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"year":2015,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","user_id":"74004"},{"user_id":"74004","year":2014,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:49Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"date_created":"2020-11-23T13:19:53Z","conference":{"location":"Istanbul","name":"II. International Energy Technologies Conference, ENTECH´14"},"status":"public","author":[{"last_name":"Griese","id":"52308","full_name":"Griese, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"id":"58915","full_name":"Pawlik, Thomas","last_name":"Pawlik","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242"},{"id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","first_name":"Jürgen"}],"place":"Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Due to the increasing energy demand and shortage of fossil fuels, the energy systems will be transformed from mainly centralized into more decentralized systems, also incorporating more renewable energy. However, optimizing the control and structure of these systems is rather complex. A method for analyzing and planning of such systems is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. This approach comprises virtual energy components as models combined with data from experimental components. As a virtual energy component, a simulation model describing the physical behavior of CHP units is proposed in this contribution. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. For instance, the first law of thermodynamics is applied to model the thermal quantities. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Finally, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium sized CHP plant."}],"publisher":"Academia.edu","citation":{"din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pawlik, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span>: Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system. In: . Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences : Academia.edu, 2014, S. 189–200","mla":"Griese, Martin, et al. <i>Scalable Model of a CHP Unit for HIL Simulation of a Smart Combined Grid System</i>. Academia.edu, 2014, pp. 189–200.","chicago":"Griese, Martin, Thomas Pawlik, Thomas Schulte, and Jürgen Maas. “Scalable Model of a CHP Unit for HIL Simulation of a Smart Combined Grid System,” 189–200. Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences: Academia.edu, 2014.","short":"M. Griese, T. Pawlik, T. Schulte, J. Maas, in: Academia.edu, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, 2014, pp. 189–200.","bjps":"<b>Griese M <i>et al.</i></b> (2014) Scalable Model of a CHP Unit for HIL Simulation of a Smart Combined Grid System. Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences: Academia.edu, pp. 189–200.","chicago-de":"Griese, Martin, Thomas Pawlik, Thomas Schulte und Jürgen Maas. 2014. Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system. In: , 189–200. Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences: Academia.edu.","ufg":"<b>Griese, Martin et. al. (2014)</b>: Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system, in: , Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, S. 189–200.","havard":"M. Griese, T. Pawlik, T. Schulte, J. Maas, Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system, in: Academia.edu, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, 2014: pp. 189–200.","apa":"Griese, M., Pawlik, T., Schulte, T., &#38; Maas, J. (2014). Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system (pp. 189–200). Presented at the II. International Energy Technologies Conference, ENTECH´14, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences: Academia.edu.","ama":"Griese M, Pawlik T, Schulte T, Maas J. Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system. In: Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences: Academia.edu; 2014:189-200.","ieee":"M. Griese, T. Pawlik, T. Schulte, and J. Maas, “Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system,” presented at the II. International Energy Technologies Conference, ENTECH´14, Istanbul, 2014, pp. 189–200.","van":"Griese M, Pawlik T, Schulte T, Maas J. Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system. In Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences: Academia.edu; 2014. p. 189–200."},"type":"conference","_id":"4008","page":"189 - 200"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-06-25T08:07:52Z","external_id":{"isi":["000342369900008"]},"user_id":"83781","article_number":"104007","date_updated":"2025-06-25T08:14:25Z","year":"2014","abstract":[{"text":"Transducers based on dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAP) use electrostatic pressure to convert electric energy into strain energy or vice versa. Besides this, they are also designed for sensor applications in monitoring the actual stretch state on the basis of the deformation dependent capacitive-resistive behavior of the DEAP. In order to enable an efficient and proper closed loop control operation of these transducers, e.g. in positioning or energy harvesting applications, on the one hand, sensors based on DEAP material can be integrated into the transducers and evaluated externally, and on the other hand, the transducer itself can be used as a sensor, also in terms of self-sensing. For this purpose the characteristic electrical behavior of the transducer has to be evaluated in order to determine the mechanical state. Also, adequate online identification algorithms with sufficient accuracy and dynamics are required, independent from the sensor concept utilized, in order to determine the electrical DEAP parameters in real time. Therefore, in this contribution, algorithms are developed in the frequency domain for identifications of the capacitance as well as the electrode and polymer resistance of a DEAP, which are validated by measurements. These algorithms are designed for self-sensing applications, especially if the power electronics utilized is operated at a constant switching frequency, and parasitic harmonic oscillations are induced besides the desired DC value. These oscillations can be used for the online identification, so an additional superimposed excitation is no longer necessary. For this purpose a dual active bridge (DAB) is introduced to drive the DEAP transducer. The capabilities of the real-time identification algorithm in combination with the DAB are presented in detail and discussed, finally.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":23,"_id":"13023","type":"scientific_journal_article","status":"public","author":[{"full_name":"Hoffstadt, Thorben","last_name":"Hoffstadt","first_name":"Thorben"},{"first_name":"Martin","id":"52308","full_name":"Griese, Martin","last_name":"Griese"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","id":"1827"}],"place":"Bristol","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"},{"_id":"DEP5022"}],"title":"Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1361-665X"],"issn":["0964-1726"]},"issue":"10","doi":"10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007","publication":"Smart Materials and Structures","isi":"1","conference":{"name":"ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","end_date":"2014-09-18","location":"Snowbird, UT","start_date":"2014-09-16"},"keyword":["dielectric electroactive polymer","identification algorithm","self-sensing","DEAP sensor"],"citation":{"din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hoffstadt, Thorben</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Griese, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span>: Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts. In: <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i> Bd. 23. Bristol, IOP Publishing (2014), Nr. 10","short":"T. Hoffstadt, M. Griese, J. Maas, Smart Materials and Structures 23 (2014).","chicago":"Hoffstadt, Thorben, Martin Griese, and Jürgen Maas. “Online Identification Algorithms for Integrated Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Sensors and Self-Sensing Concepts.” <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i> 23, no. 10 (2014). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007</a>.","mla":"Hoffstadt, Thorben, et al. “Online Identification Algorithms for Integrated Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Sensors and Self-Sensing Concepts.” <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i>, vol. 23, no. 10, 104007, 2014, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007</a>.","bjps":"<b>Hoffstadt T, Griese M and Maas J</b> (2014) Online Identification Algorithms for Integrated Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Sensors and Self-Sensing Concepts. <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i> <b>23</b>.","chicago-de":"Hoffstadt, Thorben, Martin Griese und Jürgen Maas. 2014. Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts. <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i> 23, Nr. 10. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007\">10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007</a>, .","ufg":"<b>Hoffstadt, Thorben/Griese, Martin/Maas, Jürgen</b>: Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts, in: <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i> 23 (2014), H. 10.","havard":"T. Hoffstadt, M. Griese, J. Maas, Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts, Smart Materials and Structures. 23 (2014).","apa":"Hoffstadt, T., Griese, M., &#38; Maas, J. (2014). Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts. <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i>, <i>23</i>(10), Article 104007. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007</a>","ama":"Hoffstadt T, Griese M, Maas J. Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts. <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i>. 2014;23(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007\">10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007</a>","van":"Hoffstadt T, Griese M, Maas J. Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts. Smart Materials and Structures. 2014;23(10).","ieee":"T. Hoffstadt, M. Griese, and J. Maas, “Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts,” <i>Smart Materials and Structures</i>, vol. 23, no. 10, Art. no. 104007, 2014, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007\">10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007</a>."},"publisher":"IOP Publishing","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"        23"},{"user_id":"74004","date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","year":2008,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"title":"Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics","date_created":"2020-11-24T10:50:49Z","conference":{"name":"34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, 2008"},"author":[{"last_name":"Maas","id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","last_name":"Schulte"},{"first_name":"C.","full_name":"Graf, C.","last_name":"Graf"},{"full_name":"Weise-Emden, J.","last_name":"Weise-Emden","first_name":"J."}],"extern":"1","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In modern vehicles, electrical drives and power electronics are used to control a large variety of different applications. To operate these components electronic control units have to be designed and tested. To validate the software of the electronic control units hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a todaypsilas standard method. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation always comprises a real-time simulation of the plant, including actuator and sensor models. In case of an electronic circuit the plant consists of passive components like capacitors and inductors, usually assumed to be linear, and semi-conductors with nonlinear and discontinuous behavior. The following paper suggests classification criteria and compares different methods for real-time simulations of electronic circuits considering switching events. For evaluation theoretical considerations as well as simulation results are presented concerning differences in approaches."}],"publisher":"IEEE","_id":"4052","type":"conference","page":"2829 - 2834","citation":{"ieee":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, C. Graf, and J. Weise-Emden, “Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics,” presented at the 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, 2008, 2008, pp. 2829–2834.","van":"Maas J, Schulte T, Graf C, Weise-Emden J. Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics. In IEEE; 2008. p. 2829–34.","chicago-de":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, C. Graf und J. Weise-Emden. 2008. Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics. In: , 2829–2834. IEEE.","bjps":"<b>Maas J <i>et al.</i></b> (2008) Real-Time HIL-Simulation of Power Electronics. IEEE, pp. 2829–2834.","havard":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, C. Graf, J. Weise-Emden, Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics, in: IEEE, 2008: pp. 2829–2834.","ufg":"<b>Maas, Jürgen et. al. (2008)</b>: Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics, in: , S. 2829–2834.","mla":"Maas, Jürgen, et al. <i>Real-Time HIL-Simulation of Power Electronics</i>. IEEE, 2008, pp. 2829–34.","short":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, C. Graf, J. Weise-Emden, in: IEEE, 2008, pp. 2829–2834.","chicago":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, C. Graf, and J. Weise-Emden. “Real-Time HIL-Simulation of Power Electronics,” 2829–34. IEEE, 2008.","ama":"Maas J, Schulte T, Graf C, Weise-Emden J. Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics. In: IEEE; 2008:2829-2834.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Graf, C.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Weise-Emden, J.</span>: Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics. In:  : IEEE, 2008, S. 2829–2834","apa":"Maas, J., Schulte, T., Graf, C., &#38; Weise-Emden, J. (2008). Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics (pp. 2829–2834). Presented at the 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, 2008, IEEE."}},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"title":"Model-based control for ultrasonic motors","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2020-11-24T12:30:26Z","publication":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","user_id":"74004","date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","year":2000,"abstract":[{"text":"A complete model-based control for traveling-wave-type ultrasonic motors is presented. The control scheme consists of inner control loops with respect to the oscillation systems, offering all meaningful degrees of freedom for adjusting the traveling bending wave, and outer control loops for torque and speed. After a brief review on modeling the actuator and presentation of a parameter identification method, the control scheme is developed and verified by measurements on a prototype drive system, several measures for the compensation of nonlinearities and temperature effects are developed, and achieved improvements are discussed with respect to the special properties of this novel actuator. Finally, the developed drive is applied to an \"active control stick\"","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"IEEE","citation":{"chicago-de":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte und Norbert Fröhleke. 2000. Model-based control for ultrasonic motors. In: <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>, 165–180. IEEE.","bjps":"<b>Maas J, Schulte T and Fröhleke N</b> (2000) Model-Based Control for Ultrasonic Motors. <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>. IEEE, pp. 165–180.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Fröhleke, Norbert</span>: Model-based control for ultrasonic motors. In: <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i> : IEEE, 2000, S. 165–180","short":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, N. Fröhleke, in: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, IEEE, 2000, pp. 165–180.","chicago":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, and Norbert Fröhleke. “Model-Based Control for Ultrasonic Motors.” In <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>, 165–80. IEEE, 2000.","mla":"Maas, Jürgen, et al. “Model-Based Control for Ultrasonic Motors.” <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>, IEEE, 2000, pp. 165–80.","van":"Maas J, Schulte T, Fröhleke N. Model-based control for ultrasonic motors. In: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics. IEEE; 2000. p. 165–80.","ieee":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, and N. Fröhleke, “Model-based control for ultrasonic motors,” in <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>, 2000, pp. 165–180.","ufg":"<b>Maas, Jürgen et. al. (2000)</b>: Model-based control for ultrasonic motors, in: <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>, S. 165–180.","havard":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, N. Fröhleke, Model-based control for ultrasonic motors, in: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, IEEE, 2000: pp. 165–180.","apa":"Maas, J., Schulte, T., &#38; Fröhleke, N. (2000). Model-based control for ultrasonic motors. In <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i> (pp. 165–180). IEEE.","ama":"Maas J, Schulte T, Fröhleke N. Model-based control for ultrasonic motors. In: <i>IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics</i>. IEEE; 2000:165-180."},"page":"165 - 180","_id":"4077","type":"conference","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","id":"1827"},{"last_name":"Schulte","id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Fröhleke","full_name":"Fröhleke, Norbert","first_name":"Norbert"}],"extern":"1"},{"status":"public","extern":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Maas","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","id":"1827","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242","last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Thomas"}],"citation":{"van":"Maas J, Schulte T. High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors. In IEEE; 1999. p. 91–6.","ieee":"J. Maas and T. Schulte, “High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors,” presented at the 1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 1999, pp. 91–96.","ama":"Maas J, Schulte T. High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors. In: IEEE; 1999:91-96.","apa":"Maas, J., &#38; Schulte, T. (1999). High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors (pp. 91–96). Presented at the 1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, IEEE.","havard":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors, in: IEEE, 1999: pp. 91–96.","ufg":"<b>Maas, Jürgen/Schulte, Thomas (1999)</b>: High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors, in: , S. 91–96.","chicago-de":"Maas, Jürgen und Thomas Schulte. 1999. High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors. In: , 91–96. IEEE.","bjps":"<b>Maas J and Schulte T</b> (1999) High Performance Speed Control for Ultrasonic Motors. IEEE, pp. 91–96.","chicago":"Maas, Jürgen, and Thomas Schulte. “High Performance Speed Control for Ultrasonic Motors,” 91–96. IEEE, 1999.","short":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, in: IEEE, 1999, pp. 91–96.","mla":"Maas, Jürgen, and Thomas Schulte. <i>High Performance Speed Control for Ultrasonic Motors</i>. IEEE, 1999, pp. 91–96.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span>: High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors. In:  : IEEE, 1999, S. 91–96"},"page":"91 - 96","_id":"4080","type":"conference","publisher":"IEEE","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A novel speed control for traveling wave type ultrasonic motors is presented and verified by measurements on a prototype drive, Based on an underlying bending wave control the nonlinear torque generation of the USM is compensated by an inverse contact model calculating the reference values of bending wave control under consideration of an optimized set point adjustment. For this task a basis function neural network is applied. By compensation of the nonlinearity the command behavior of the USM approaches that of conventional drives and proven speed control schemes can be implemented as further control loop, The novel speed control investigated offers excellent dynamic responses and is thus attractive for applications in the field of high performance servo systems."}],"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","year":1999,"user_id":"74004","date_created":"2020-11-24T12:37:38Z","conference":{"name":"1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics"},"department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"title":"High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"ddc":["620"],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2020-11-24T12:42:49Z","file_id":"4082","date_updated":"2020-11-24T12:42:49Z","file_name":"99hn_symposium_maas_schulte_grotstollen_froehleke_1.pdf","file_size":223116,"access_level":"local","creator":"czr-e2t"}],"department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"title":"Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","conference":{"location":"Paderborn","name":"Proc. of the 3rd Int. Heinz Nixdorf Symposium on Mechatronics and Advanced Motion Control"},"file_date_updated":"2020-11-24T12:42:49Z","citation":{"ama":"Maas J, Schulte T, Grotstollen H, Fröhleke N. Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors. In: ; 1999:129-143.","apa":"Maas, J., Schulte, T., Grotstollen, H., &#38; Fröhleke, N. (1999). Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors. (pp. 129–143). Presented at the Proc. of the 3rd Int. Heinz Nixdorf Symposium on Mechatronics and Advanced Motion Control, Paderborn.","havard":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, N. Fröhleke, Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors., in: 1999: pp. 129–143.","ufg":"<b>Maas, Jürgen et. al. (1999)</b>: Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors., in: , S. 129–143.","van":"Maas J, Schulte T, Grotstollen H, Fröhleke N. Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors. In 1999. p. 129–43.","ieee":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, and N. Fröhleke, “Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.,” presented at the Proc. of the 3rd Int. Heinz Nixdorf Symposium on Mechatronics and Advanced Motion Control, Paderborn, 1999, pp. 129–143.","chicago":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, H. Grotstollen, and Norbert Fröhleke. “Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.,” 129–43, 1999.","short":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, N. Fröhleke, in: 1999, pp. 129–143.","mla":"Maas, Jürgen, et al. <i>Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.</i> 1999, pp. 129–43.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Grotstollen, H.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Fröhleke, Norbert</span>: Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors. In: , 1999, S. 129–143","chicago-de":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, H. Grotstollen und Norbert Fröhleke. 1999. Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors. In: , 129–143.","bjps":"<b>Maas J <i>et al.</i></b> (1999) Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors. pp. 129–143."},"user_id":"74004","year":1999,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-11-24T12:40:56Z","status":"public","extern":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Jürgen","id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas"},{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","id":"46242","last_name":"Schulte"},{"first_name":"H.","full_name":"Grotstollen, H.","last_name":"Grotstollen"},{"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Fröhleke","full_name":"Fröhleke, Norbert"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This  paper  gives  a  review  of  research  activities  at  the  Institute  for  Power  Electronics  and  ElectricalDrives in Paderborn to the control of rotary travelling wave type ultrasonic motors. Based on a special designedhardware environment an advanced control scheme for inverter-fed travelling wave type ultrasonic motors is pre-sented. After several modelling steps, including an averaged model for the controller design, a speed control schemeis implemented on a prototype drive. It is realized as an outer control loop of an underlaid voltage and travellingbending wave vector controller. The novel speed control is using an inverse contact model by a neural network, inorder  to  compensate  the  nonlinear  torque  generation  of  the  motor.  The  so  equipped  ultrasonic  motor-drive  meetsrequirements  for  applications  in  the  field  of  servo-drives  e.g.  robotics.  Since  the  reference  values  of  the  bendingwave control are calculated from the desired torque value by the neural network, open loop control of the drive´s torque is feasible, too. ","lang":"eng"}],"page":"129 - 143","type":"conference","_id":"4081"},{"user_id":"74004","year":1998,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-11-24T12:53:46Z","status":"public","author":[{"id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"last_name":"Schulte","id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"H.","full_name":"Grotstollen, H.","last_name":"Grotstollen"}],"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"This paper deals with an advanced speed control scheme for inverter-fed travelling waveultrasonic motors. It is implemented as an additional outer control loop of an underlaid voltage andtravelling  bending  wave  vector  controller  and  verified  by  measurements  on  a  prototype  drive.  Thenovel speed control is using an inverse contact model by a neural network, trained by measured valuesof speed and torque, in order to compensate the nonlinear torque generation of the motor. Since thereference values of the bending wave control are calculated from the desired torque value by the neu-ral network, first an open loop control of the drive ́s torque is feasible and second common speed con-trol  schemes,  well  performing  in  common  electrical  drives,  can  be  applied.  Thus,  the  so  equippedultrasonic motor-drive meets requirements for applications in the field of servo-drives e.g. robotics. ","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"4085","page":"701 - 708","type":"conference","ddc":["600"],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2020-11-24T12:55:36Z","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"4086","date_updated":"2020-11-24T12:55:36Z","file_name":"98mimr_maas_schulte_grotstollen.pdf","file_size":128885,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"czr-e2t"}],"title":"Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","conference":{"location":"Harrogate (UK)","start_date":"1998-07-06","end_date":"1998-07-07","name":"4th European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials and 2nd International Conference on Micromechanics, Intelligent Materials and Robotics"},"oa":"1","file_date_updated":"2020-11-24T12:55:36Z","citation":{"short":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, in: 1998, pp. 701–708.","ama":"Maas J, Schulte T, Grotstollen H. Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications. In: ; 1998:701-708.","chicago":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, and H. Grotstollen. “Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications,” 701–8, 1998.","mla":"Maas, Jürgen, et al. <i>Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications</i>. 1998, pp. 701–08.","apa":"Maas, J., Schulte, T., &#38; Grotstollen, H. (1998). Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications (pp. 701–708). Presented at the 4th European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials and 2nd International Conference on Micromechanics, Intelligent Materials and Robotics, Harrogate (UK).","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Grotstollen, H.</span>: Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications. In: , 1998, S. 701–708","havard":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications, in: 1998: pp. 701–708.","ufg":"<b>Maas, Jürgen et. al. (1998)</b>: Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications, in: , S. 701–708.","chicago-de":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte und H. Grotstollen. 1998. Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications. In: , 701–708.","bjps":"<b>Maas J, Schulte T and Grotstollen H</b> (1998) Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications. pp. 701–708.","van":"Maas J, Schulte T, Grotstollen H. Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications. In 1998. p. 701–8.","ieee":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, and H. Grotstollen, “Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications,” presented at the 4th European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials and 2nd International Conference on Micromechanics, Intelligent Materials and Robotics, Harrogate (UK), 1998, pp. 701–708."}},{"_id":"4087","page":"262- 265","type":"conference","author":[{"id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","last_name":"Maas"},{"first_name":"Horst","full_name":"Grotstollen, Horst","last_name":"Grotstollen"}],"extern":"1","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-11-24T12:57:37Z","user_id":"74004","date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:50Z","year":1998,"file_date_updated":"2020-11-24T13:00:10Z","citation":{"van":"Schulte T, Maas J, Grotstollen H. High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network. In: ACTUATOR 98. 1998. p. 262–5.","ieee":"T. Schulte, J. Maas, and H. Grotstollen, “High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network,” in <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>, Bremen, 1998, pp. 262–265.","havard":"T. Schulte, J. Maas, H. Grotstollen, High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network, in: ACTUATOR 98, 1998: pp. 262–265.","ufg":"<b>Schulte, Thomas et. al. (1998)</b>: High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network, in: <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>, S. 262–265.","ama":"Schulte T, Maas J, Grotstollen H. High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network. In: <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>. ; 1998:262-265.","apa":"Schulte, T., Maas, J., &#38; Grotstollen, H. (1998). High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network. In <i>ACTUATOR 98</i> (pp. 262–265). Bremen.","chicago-de":"Schulte, Thomas, Jürgen Maas und Horst Grotstollen. 1998. High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network. In: <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>, 262–265.","bjps":"<b>Schulte T, Maas J and Grotstollen H</b> (1998) High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network. <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>. pp. 262–265.","chicago":"Schulte, Thomas, Jürgen Maas, and Horst Grotstollen. “High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network.” In <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>, 262–65, 1998.","short":"T. Schulte, J. Maas, H. Grotstollen, in: ACTUATOR 98, 1998, pp. 262–265.","mla":"Schulte, Thomas, et al. “High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network.” <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>, 1998, pp. 262–65.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Grotstollen, Horst</span>: High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network. In: <i>ACTUATOR 98</i>, 1998, S. 262–265"},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","title":"High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"conference":{"location":"Bremen","start_date":"1998- 06-17","end_date":"1998-06-19","name":"Acuator 146 ; 98"},"publication":"ACTUATOR 98","file":[{"file_size":80912333,"access_level":"local","creator":"czr-e2t","file_id":"4088","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2020-11-24T13:00:10Z","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2020-11-24T13:00:10Z","file_name":"98actuator_maas_schulte_grotstollen(1).pdf"}],"ddc":["620"]},{"date_created":"2020-11-23T11:52:15Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":1997,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:49Z","user_id":"74004","page":"690 - 698","type":"conference","_id":"3999","volume":1,"abstract":[{"text":"An optimized control scheme for the most advanced traveling wave type ultrasonic motor powered by a resonant power converter is presented and verified by measurements on a prototype drive. Basing on an averaged drive model, which reflects the slow dynamic behavior of the drive's ultrasonic oscillations by time varying fundamental Fourier coefficients, a cascaded two-phase vector control scheme is designed. The novel drive control divides into an inner voltage and outer bending wave control compensating couplings and suppressing the beat characteristics. Since an amplitude modulation is applied instead of frequency modulation, the well known pull out phenomenon is eliminated in general. By means of an online frequency adaptation to the stator's resonance, the drive's performance is optimized remarkably.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Maas","id":"1827","full_name":"Maas, Jürgen","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"46242","full_name":"Schulte, Thomas","last_name":"Schulte"},{"last_name":"Grotstollen","full_name":"Grotstollen, H.","first_name":"H."}],"extern":"1","status":"public","publication":"IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting","conference":{"name":"IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting","location":"New Orleans, LA, USA","start_date":"1997-10-05","end_date":"1997-10-09"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0-7803-4067-1"]},"publication_status":"published","title":"Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors","department":[{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"citation":{"chicago-de":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte und H. Grotstollen. 1997. Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors. In: <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>, 1:690–698. IEEE.","bjps":"<b>Maas J, Schulte T and Grotstollen H</b> (1997) Optimized Drive Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors. <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>, vol. 1. IEEE, pp. 690–698.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Maas, Jürgen</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schulte, Thomas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Grotstollen, H.</span>: Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors. In: <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>. Bd. 1 : IEEE, 1997, S. 690–698","mla":"Maas, Jürgen, et al. “Optimized Drive Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors.” <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>, vol. 1, IEEE, 1997, pp. 690–98.","chicago":"Maas, Jürgen, Thomas Schulte, and H. Grotstollen. “Optimized Drive Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors.” In <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>, 1:690–98. IEEE, 1997.","short":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, in: IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting, IEEE, 1997, pp. 690–698.","ieee":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, and H. Grotstollen, “Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors,” in <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>, New Orleans, LA, USA, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 690–698.","van":"Maas J, Schulte T, Grotstollen H. Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors. In: IAS ’97 Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting. IEEE; 1997. p. 690–8.","ufg":"<b>Maas, Jürgen et. al. (1997)</b>: Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors, in: <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i> (=<i> 1</i>), S. 690–698.","havard":"J. Maas, T. Schulte, H. Grotstollen, Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors, in: IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting, IEEE, 1997: pp. 690–698.","apa":"Maas, J., Schulte, T., &#38; Grotstollen, H. (1997). Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors. In <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i> (Vol. 1, pp. 690–698). New Orleans, LA, USA: IEEE.","ama":"Maas J, Schulte T, Grotstollen H. Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors. In: <i>IAS ’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting</i>. Vol 1. IEEE; 1997:690-698."},"publisher":"IEEE","intvolume":"         1"}]