@inproceedings{1991,
  author       = {{Funk, Mark and Scharf, Matthias and Dörksen, Helene and Danneel, Hans-Jürgen and Lohweg, Volker and Hübner, Michael and Schaede, Johannes and Stierman, Rob and Knobloch, Alexander and Le, Dinh Khoi and Gillich, Eugen and Mönks, Uwe}},
  booktitle    = {{ODS 2020 Review}},
  location     = {{San Francisco}},
  title        = {{{Creating a Self-authentication System for Smart Banknotes}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{1992,
  author       = {{Meier, Philip and Lohweg, Volker and Dörksen, Helene and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Document Security (ODS)}},
  title        = {{{Intaglio Style Transfer – Partially Automating the Intaglio Image Creation}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{2011,
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Funk, Mark and Scharf, Matthias and Dörksen, Helene and Danneel, Hans-Jürgen and Hübner, Michael and Schaede, Johannes and Thony, Emmanuel and Knobloch, Alexander and Lee, Dinh Khoi and Mönks, Uwe and Gillich, Eugen}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection XII San Francisco}},
  location     = {{San Francisco, USA}},
  title        = {{{smartBN—Intelligent Protection and Authentication in Payment Transactions by Smart Banknotes}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{2040,
  abstract     = {{Banknote authentication plays a fundamental role in banknote circulation. Banknotes undergo some major changes in thenext years because electronic payment systems will get more common which will change the user behaviour. Furthermore,technologies of counterfeiters will improve progressively and continuously.   We propose a two-sage procedure for theeffective development for the design of simple electronics for cash handliung systems:  First, we establish a high qualityimage acquisition system which allows for a consistent image capture quality and is able to handle complex softwarealgorithms for banknote authentication.  Second, we take the algorithms and port them on cost-efficient hardware.  It isshown in this paper that a reliable authentication of almost each banknote is possible for to specialised low-cost systemssuch as point-of-sale cash units.}},
  author       = {{Gillich, Eugen and Hoffmann, Jan Leif and Dörksen, Helene and Lohweg, Volker and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection V}},
  title        = {{{Data Collection Unit – A Platform for Printing Process Authentication}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{2041,
  author       = {{Schaede, Johannes and Lohweg, Volker and Knobloch, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection V}},
  title        = {{{Banknote Cash Challenges met by advancing Low Cost Image Analysis Tools}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{2042,
  abstract     = {{Today, a major part of counterfeits is produced by commercial offset printing machines.  The counterfeiters use mainlyraster printing (rosette printing).  Our approach aims at analysing the banknotes for the presence of commercial printingprocedures by means of intrinsic features.  For this purpose, the images are analysed in view to periodic printing patternsby means of the Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT). The typical raster frequencies are detected. The rosette pattern isseparated by suppression of the remaining image frequencies and the subsequent back-transformation.}},
  author       = {{Pfeifer, Anton and Gillich, Eugen and Lohweg, Volker and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection V}},
  title        = {{{Detection of Commercial Offset Printing in Counterfeited Banknotes}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{2148,
  author       = {{Hofmann, Jürg and Gillich, Eugen and Dörksen, Helene and Chassot, Daniel and Schaede, Johannes and Türke, Thomas and Lohweg, Volker}},
  title        = {{{New Strategies in Image Processing for Standardized Intaglio Quality Analysis in the Printing Process.}}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inproceedings{2129,
  abstract     = {{Maintaining confidence in security documents, especially banknotes, is and remains a major concern for the central banks in order to maintain the stability of the economy around the world. In this paper we describe an image processing and pattern recognition approach which is based on the Sound-of-Intaglio principle for the usage in smart devices such as smartphones. Today, in many world regions smartphones are in use. These devices become more and more computing units, equipped with resource-limited, but effective CPUs, cameras with illumination, and flexible operating systems. Hence, it is obvious to apply smartphones for banknote authentication, especially for visually impaired persons. Our approach shows that those devices are capable of processing data under the constraints of image quality and processing power. Strictly a mobile device as such is not an industrial product for harsh environments, but it is possible to use mobile devices for banknote authentication. The concept is based on a new strategy for constructing adaptive Wavelets for the analysis of different print patterns on a banknote. Furthermore, a banknote specific feature vector is generated which describes an authentic banknote effectively under various illumination conditions. A multi-stage Lineardiscriminant- analysis classifier generates stable and reliable output.}},
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Dörksen, Helene and Hoffmann, Jan Leif and Hildebrand, Roland and Gillich, Eugen and Schaede, Johannes and Hofmann, Jürg}},
  booktitle    = {{Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2013}},
  publisher    = {{(03-07.02.2013) IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2013}},
  title        = {{{Banknote authentication with mobile devices}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2001444}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{2104,
  abstract     = {{Maintaining confidence in  security  documents,  especially  banknotes,  is  and  remains  a  major  concern  for  the  central  banks in order to maintain the stability of the economy around the world. In this paper we describe an image processing and  pattern  recognition  approach  which  is  based  on  the  Sound-of-Intaglio  concept  [1]  for  the  usage  in  smart  devices  such  as  smartphones.  Today,  in  many  world  regions  smartphones  are  in  use.  These  devices  become  more  and  more  computing units, equipped with resource-limited but effective CPUs, cameras with illumination, and flexible operating systems.  Hence,  it  appears  to  be  obvious,  to  apply  those  smartphones  for  banknote  authentication,  especially  for  visually impaired persons. However, it has to be researched, whether those devices are capable of processing  the  data  under the constraints of image quality and processing power. Our results show that it is in general possible to use such devices for banknote authentication applications.}},
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Dörksen, Helene and Gillich, Eugen and Hildebrand, Roland and Hoffmann, Jan Leif and Schaede, Johannes}},
  journal      = {{Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection III}},
  keywords     = {{authentication, anti-counterfeit features, mobile device, smartphone, wavelet transform, pattern recognition, Sound-of-Intaglio}},
  title        = {{{Mobile Devices for Banknote Authentication – is it possible? In: Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection III, San Francisco, CA, USA, January 18-20, 2012. }}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@inproceedings{2096,
  abstract     = {{Automatic banknote sheet cut-and-bundle machines are widely used within the scope of banknote production. Beside the cutting-and-bundling, which is a mature technology, image-processing-based quality inspection for this type of machine is attractive. We present in this work a new real-time Touchless Counting and perspective cutting blade quality insurance system, based on a Color-CCD-Camera and a dual-core Computer, for cut-and-bundle applications in banknote production. The system, which applies Wavelet-based multi-scale filtering is able to count banknotes inside a 100-bundle within 200-300 ms depending on the window size.}},
  author       = {{Petker, Denis and Türke, Thomas and Willeke, Harald and Schaede, Johannes and Gillich, Eugen and Lohweg, Volker}},
  booktitle    = {{IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2011 Conference}},
  publisher    = {{San Francisco, California, United States}},
  title        = {{{Real-time Wavelet-Based Inline Banknote-in-Bundle Counting for Cut-and-Bundle Machines}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1117/12.872357}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@inproceedings{2098,
  author       = {{Glock, Stefan and Voth, Karl and Schaede, Johannes and Lohweg, Volker}},
  title        = {{{A Framework for Possibilistic Multi-source Data Fusion with Monitoring of Sensor Reliability, World Conference on Soft Computing}}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@inproceedings{2084,
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Document Security - The Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Detection, San Francisco, CA, USA, January 20-22, 2010}},
  title        = {{{Document Production and Verification by Optimization of Feature Platform Exploitation}}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@inproceedings{2085,
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Gillich, Eugen and Glock, Stefan and Mönks, Uwe and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{2. inIT KBA-Giori International Workshop on "Detection of Banknote Forgeries"}},
  publisher    = {{Orell Füssli, Zürich, 22-24 March 2010}},
  title        = {{{Intaglio Based Banknote Authentication}}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@inproceedings{2075,
  abstract     = {{Automatic sheet inspection in banknote production has been used as a standard quality control tool for more than a decade. As more and more print techniques and new security features are established, total quality in bank note printing must be guaranteed. This aspect has a direct impact on the research and development for bank note inspection systems in general in the sense of technological sustainability. It is accepted, that print defects are generated not only by printing parameter changes, but also by mechanical machine parameter changes, which will change unnoticed in production. Therefore, a new concept for a multi-sensory adaptive learning and classification model based on Fuzzy-Pattern- Classifiers for data inspection and machine conditioning is proposed. A general aim is to improve the known inspection techniques and propose an inspection methodology that can ensure a comprehensive quality control of the printed substrates processed by printing presses, especially printing presses which are designed to process substrates used in the course of the production of banknotes, security documents and others. Therefore, the research and development work in this area necessitates a change in concept for banknote inspection in general. In this paper a new generation of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based real time inspection technology is presented, which allows not only colour inspection on banknote sheets, but has also the implementation flexibility for various inspection algorithms for security features, such as window threads, embedded threads, OVDs, watermarks, screen printing etc., and multi-sensory data processing. A variety of algorithms is described in the paper, which are designed for and implemented on FPGAs. The focus is based on algorithmic approaches}},
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Li, Rui and Türke, Thomas and Willeke, Harald and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{21st annual Symposium on IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging, 18 -22 January 2009,}},
  title        = {{{FPGA-based Multi-sensor Real Time Machine Vision for Banknote Printing}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1117/12.805427}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

@inbook{2076,
  abstract     = {{Segmentation and feature extraction algorithms based on Wavelet Transform or Wavelet Packet Transform are established in pattern recognition. Especially in the field of texture analysis they are known to be practical. One difficulty of texture analysis was in the past the characterization of different printing processes. In this paper we present a new algorithmic concept to feature extraction of textures, printed by different printing techniques, without the necessity of a previous teaching phase. The typical characters of distinct printed textures are extracted by first order statistical moments of wavelet coefficients. The algorithm uses the 2D incomplete shift invariant Wavelet Packet Transform, resulting in a fast execution time of O(<i>N</i>log<sub>2</sub>(<i>N</i>)). Since the incomplete shift invariant Wavelet Packet Transform was exclusively defined for 1D-signals, it has been modified in this research. The application describes the detection of different printed security textures. }},
  author       = {{Glock, Stefan and Gillich, Eugen and Schaede, Johannes and Lohweg, Volker}},
  booktitle    = {{Pattern Recognition}},
  editor       = {{Denzler, J. and Notni, G. and Süße, H.}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-642-03797-9}},
  keywords     = {{Discrete Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packet, Decomposition Level, Printing Technique}},
  pages        = {{422--431}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Feature Extraction Algorithm for Banknote Textures based on Incomplete Shift Invariant Wavelet Packet Transform}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03798-6_43}},
  volume       = {{5748}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

@inproceedings{2078,
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Gillich, Eugen and Schaede, Johannes}},
  booktitle    = {{inIT KBA-Giori International Workshop on "Detection of Banknote Forgeries", Blomberg, 10-12 August 2009}},
  title        = {{{New Concepts in Banknote Authentication}}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

@article{2069,
  abstract     = {{During printed product manufacturing, measures are taken to ensure a certain level of printing quality and security via authentification  methods.  This  is  particularly  true  in  the  field  of  security  printing,  where  the  quality  standards,  which  must be reached by the end-products, i.e. banknotes, security documents and the like, are very high.  It  is  accepted,  that  print  defects  are  generated  because  printing  parameters  but  also  machine  parameters  will  change  unnoticed in production. Therefore, a new concept for a multi-sensory adaptive learning and classification model based on  Fuzzy-Pattern-Classifiers  for  data  inspection,  authentification  and  machine  conditioning  is  proposed.  This  kind  of  inspection concept, which combines optical, acoustical and other machine information, produces a large amount of data, which leads to multivariate methods for data analysis. Multivariate methods are useful for analysis of large and complex data  sets  that  consist  of  many  variables  measured  on  large  numbers  of  physical  data.  A  general  aim  is  to  improve  the  known  inspection  techniques  and  propose  an  inspection  methodology  that  can  ensure  a  comprehensive  quality  control  of  the  printed  substrates  processed  by  printing  presses,  especially  printing  presses  which  are  designed  to  process  substrates used in the course of the production of banknotes, security documents and others. }},
  author       = {{Dyck, Walter and Türke, Thomas and Schaede, Johannes and Lohweg, Volker}},
  journal      = {{Optical Document Security - The 2008 Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence; Reconnaissance International Publishers and Consultants, San Francisco, CA, USA}},
  keywords     = {{authentification, anti-counterfeit features, inspection, quality, sensor fusion, pattern recognition}},
  title        = {{{A New Concept on Quality Inspection and Machine Conditioning for Security Prints}}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}

@inproceedings{2068,
  abstract     = {{The production of printing goods is laborious. Furthermore, the print quality, especially in banknotes, must be assured. It is accepted, that print defects are generated because printing parameters, also machine parameters can change unnoticed. Therefore, a combined concept for a multi-sensory learning and classification model based on new adaptive fuzzy-pattern-classifiers for data inspection is proposed. This inspection concept, which combines optical, acoustical and other machine information, comes up with a large amount of data, which leads to multivariate methods for data analysis. Multivariate methods are useful for analysis of large and complex data sets that consist of many variables measured on large numbers of physical data.}},
  author       = {{Dyck, Walter and Türke, Thomas and Schaede, Johannes and Lohweg, Volker}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-4244-1565-6}},
  issn         = {{1551-2541 }},
  keywords     = {{Sensor fusion, Inspection, Optical sensors, Printing machinery, Data security, Data analysis, Production, Degradation, Principal component analysis, Karhunen-Loeve transforms}},
  pages        = {{accepted for publication}},
  publisher    = {{MLSP 2007 - International Workshop on MACHINE LEARNING FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
  title        = {{{A Fuzzy-Pattern-Classifier-Based Adaptive Learning Model for Sensor Fusion}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/MLSP.2007.4414320}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}

@inproceedings{2059,
  author       = {{Schaede, Johannes and Lohweg, Volker}},
  booktitle    = {{IST/SPIE 18th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging - Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques VI - Vol 6075}},
  editor       = {{van Renesse, Rundolf}},
  pages        = {{1--12}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{The Mechanisms of Human Recognition as a Guideline For Security Feature Development}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1117/12.656529}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}

@inproceedings{2060,
  abstract     = {{The authenticity checking and inspection of bank notes is a high labour intensive process where traditionally every note on every sheet is inspected manually. However with the advent of more and more sophisticated security features, both visible and invisible, and the requirement of cost reduction in the printing process, it is clear that automation is required. As more and more print techniques and new security features will be established, total quality security, authenticity and bank note printing must be assured. Therefore, this factor necessitates amplification of a sensorial concept in general. We propose a concept for both authenticity checking and inspection methods for pattern recognition and classification for securities and banknotes, which is based on the concept of sensor fusion and fuzzy interpretation of data measures. In the approach different methods of authenticity analysis and print flaw detection are combined, which can be used for vending or sorting machines, as well as for printing machines. Usually only the existence or appearance of colours and their textures are checked by cameras. Our method combines the visible camera images with IR-spectral sensitive sensors, acoustical and other measurements like temperature and pressure of printing machines.}},
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Schaede, Johannes and Türke, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{IS&T/SPIE 18th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging - Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques VI, Proceedings(18) SPIE, Feb 2006. }},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Robust and Reliable Banknote Authentification and Print Flaw Detection with Opto-Acoustical Sensor Fusion Methods}}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}

@inproceedings{2061,
  author       = {{Schaede, Johannes and Türke, Thomas and Lohweg, Volker}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE Newsroom, The International Society for Optical Engineering}},
  title        = {{{Acoustical measurements improve print flaw detection and authenticity checking}}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}

@inproceedings{2062,
  abstract     = {{Bank note inspection is a complex task. As more and more print techniques and new security features are established, total quality security and bank note printing must be assured. Therefore, this factor necessitates change of a sensorial concept in general. We propose an optical-acoustical inspection method based upon the concepts of information fusion and fuzzy interpretation of data measures. Furthermore, we present a simplified scheme for information fusion for pattern recognition and data classification based on parametrical unimodal potential functions and a Sugeno-type score value analysis. Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301779 <br />}},
  author       = {{Dyck, Walter and Schaede, Johannes and Türke, Thomas and Lohweg, Volker}},
  booktitle    = {{ 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion}},
  isbn         = {{ 1-4244-0953-5}},
  keywords     = {{Information security, Inspection, Printing machinery, Optical sensors, Data security, Personnel, Fuzzy systems, Sensor systems, Expert systems, Ink}},
  pages        = {{1--8}},
  publisher    = {{9th International Conference on Information Fusion, 2006. ICIF '06}},
  title        = {{{Information Fusion Application On Security Printing With Parametrical Fuzzy Classification}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ICIF.2006.301779}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}

@inproceedings{2057,
  author       = {{Lohweg, Volker and Schaede, Johannes}},
  publisher    = {{IHK Lippe zu Detmold}},
  title        = {{{Besser unscharf, aber genau als präzise und falsch! - Was hat Bildverarbeitung mit Banknoten zu tun?}}},
  year         = {{2005}},
}