[{"author":[{"last_name":"Steiner","full_name":"Steiner, Denise","first_name":"Denise"},{"first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Meyer, Alexander","id":"58585","last_name":"Meyer"},{"first_name":"Isabell","full_name":"Immohr, Isabell","last_name":"Immohr"},{"first_name":"Miriam","full_name":"Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam","id":"64952","last_name":"Pein-Hackelbusch","orcid":"0000-0002-7920-0595"}],"title":"Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients","issue":"5","type":"scientific_journal_article","place":"Basel","department":[{"_id":"DEP4028"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this review, we aim to highlight the advantages, challenges, and limitations of electronic tongues (e-tongues) in pharmaceutical drug development. The authors, therefore, critically evaluated the performance of e-tongues regarding their qualification to assess peroral formulations containing bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients. A literature search using the keywords ‘electronic’, ‘tongue’, ‘bitter’, and ‘drug’ in a Web of Science search was therefore initially conducted. Reviewing the publications of the past decade, and further literature where necessary, allowed the authors to discuss whether and how e-tongues perform as expected and whether they have the potential to become a standard tool in drug development. Specifically highlighted are the expectations an e-tongue should meet. Further, a brief insight into the technologies of the utilized e-tongues is given. Reliable protocols were found that enable (i) the qualified performance of e-tongue instruments from an analytical perspective, (ii) proper taste-masking assessments, and (iii) under certain circumstances, the evaluation of bitterness."}],"year":"2024","publication_status":"published","volume":16,"date_updated":"2025-06-24T09:07:27Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1999-4923 "]},"date_created":"2024-05-29T10:06:47Z","quality_controlled":"1","isi":"1","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/5/658","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"83778","_id":"11492","keyword":["e-tongues","performance","qualification","taste masking","bitterness","dosage forms","drug formulations"],"citation":{"ufg":"<b>Steiner, Denise u. a.</b>: Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients, in: <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 16 (2024), H. 5.","short":"D. Steiner, A. Meyer, I. Immohr, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Pharmaceutics 16 (2024).","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Steiner, Denise</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, Alexander</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Immohr, Isabell</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam</span>: Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. In: <i>Pharmaceutics</i> Bd. 16. Basel, MDPI (2024), Nr. 5","bjps":"<b>Steiner D <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> <b>16</b>.","ama":"Steiner D, Meyer A, Immohr I, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i>. 2024;16(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658\">10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>","van":"Steiner D, Meyer A, Immohr I, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(5).","ieee":"D. Steiner, A. Meyer, I. Immohr, and M. Pein-Hackelbusch, “Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients,” <i>Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 16, no. 5, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658\">10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>.","havard":"D. Steiner, A. Meyer, I. Immohr, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients, Pharmaceutics. 16 (2024).","chicago-de":"Steiner, Denise, Alexander Meyer, Isabell Immohr und Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch. 2024. Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 16, Nr. 5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658\">10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>, .","apa":"Steiner, D., Meyer, A., Immohr, I., &#38; Pein-Hackelbusch, M. (2024). Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. <i>Pharmaceutics</i>, <i>16</i>(5). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658\">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>","chicago":"Steiner, Denise, Alexander Meyer, Isabell Immohr, and Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch. “Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients.” <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 16, no. 5 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658\">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>.","mla":"Steiner, Denise, et al. “Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients.” <i>Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 16, no. 5, 2024, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658\">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"MDPI","external_id":{"pmid":["38794320"],"isi":["001231317000001"]},"oa":"1","article_type":"review","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658","publication":"Pharmaceutics","intvolume":"        16","pmid":"1"},{"date_updated":"2024-04-15T07:38:55Z","user_id":"81304","_id":"5440","publisher":"Verlag Moritz Schäfer","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"citation":{"chicago-de":"Meyer, Alexander, André Blome und Ulrich Müller. 2019. Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen. <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>, Nr. 01.","havard":"A. Meyer, A. Blome, U. Müller, Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen, Getreide Mehl und Brot . (2019).","apa":"Meyer, A., Blome, A., &#38; Müller, U. (2019). Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen. <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>, <i>01</i>.","ieee":"A. Meyer, A. Blome, and U. Müller, “Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen,” <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>, no. 01, 2019.","chicago":"Meyer, Alexander, André Blome, and Ulrich Müller. “Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen.” <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>, no. 01 (2019).","mla":"Meyer, Alexander, et al. “Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen.” <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>, no. 01, 2019.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, Alexander</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Blome, André</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Müller, Ulrich</span>: Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen. In: <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>, Verlag Moritz Schäfer (2019), Nr. 01","ufg":"<b>Meyer, Alexander/Blome, André/Müller, Ulrich</b>: Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen, in: <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i> (2019), H. 01.","short":"A. Meyer, A. Blome, U. Müller, Getreide Mehl und Brot  (2019).","van":"Meyer A, Blome A, Müller U. Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen. Getreide Mehl und Brot . 2019;(01).","ama":"Meyer A, Blome A, Müller U. Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen. <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>. 2019;(01).","bjps":"<b>Meyer A, Blome A and Müller U</b> (2019) Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen. <i>Getreide Mehl und Brot </i>."},"date_created":"2021-04-08T07:59:24Z","publication":"Getreide Mehl und Brot ","title":"Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und die Mitwirkung von Lebensmitteltechnologen","issue":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Meyer, Alexander","id":"58585","last_name":"Meyer"},{"id":"62117","full_name":"Blome, André","last_name":"Blome","first_name":"André"},{"last_name":"Müller","id":"12119","full_name":"Müller, Ulrich","first_name":"Ulrich"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"DEP4009"},{"_id":"DEP1308"}],"year":"2019"},{"citation":{"bjps":"<b>Meyer A, Blome A and Müller U</b> (2018) Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie. In Meyer A (ed.). Bremerhaven.","van":"Meyer A, Blome A, Müller U. Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie. In: Meyer A, editor. Bremerhaven; 2018.","ama":"Meyer A, Blome A, Müller U. Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie. In: Meyer A, ed. ; 2018.","ufg":"<b>Meyer, Alexander/Blome, André/Müller, Ulrich</b>: Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie, in: <i>Meyer, Alexander (Hg.)</i>: Bremerhaven 2018.","short":"A. Meyer, A. Blome, U. Müller, in: A. Meyer (Ed.), Bremerhaven, 2018.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, Alexander</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Blome, André</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Müller, Ulrich</span>: Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie. In: <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, A.</span> (Hrsg.): . Bremerhaven, 2018","chicago":"Meyer, Alexander, André Blome, and Ulrich Müller. “Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie.” edited by Alexander Meyer. Bremerhaven, 2018.","mla":"Meyer, Alexander, et al. <i>Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie</i>. Edited by Alexander Meyer, 2018.","ieee":"A. Meyer, A. Blome, and U. Müller, “Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie,” Bremerhaven, 2018.","chicago-de":"Meyer, Alexander, André Blome und Ulrich Müller. 2018. Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie. In: , hg. von Alexander Meyer. Bremerhaven.","havard":"A. Meyer, A. Blome, U. Müller, Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie, in: A. Meyer (Ed.), Bremerhaven, 2018.","apa":"Meyer, A., Blome, A., &#38; Müller, U. (2018). <i>Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie</i> (A. Meyer, Ed.)."},"language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"_id":"5666","user_id":"81304","editor":[{"last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, Alexander","id":"58585","first_name":"Alexander"}],"date_updated":"2024-04-15T07:59:54Z","date_created":"2021-04-21T09:09:35Z","type":"conference","place":"Bremerhaven","conference":{"end_date":"2018-03-13","start_date":"2018-03-11","location":"Bremerhaven","name":"GDL-Kongress"},"author":[{"last_name":"Meyer","id":"58585","full_name":"Meyer, Alexander","first_name":"Alexander"},{"last_name":"Blome","full_name":"Blome, André","id":"62117","first_name":"André"},{"last_name":"Müller","id":"12119","full_name":"Müller, Ulrich","first_name":"Ulrich"}],"status":"public","title":"Von Industrie 4.0 zu Lebensmittel 4.0 und der Einfluss der Lebensmitteltechnologie","year":"2018","department":[{"_id":"DEP4009"},{"_id":"DEP1308"}]},{"date_created":"2021-04-21T09:19:50Z","date_updated":"2024-04-15T08:00:15Z","user_id":"81304","_id":"5670","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"citation":{"mla":"Blome, André, et al. <i>Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) </i>. 2018.","chicago":"Blome, André, Alexander Meyer, and Ulrich Müller. “Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) ,” 2018.","ieee":"A. Blome, A. Meyer, and U. Müller, “Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) ,” presented at the DLG-Studierenden-Workshop „Lebensmittelindustrie 4.0 &#38; Start-Up Gründung“, Lemgo, 2018.","apa":"Blome, A., Meyer, A., &#38; Müller, U. (2018). <i>Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) </i>. DLG-Studierenden-Workshop „Lebensmittelindustrie 4.0 &#38; Start-Up Gründung“, Lemgo.","havard":"A. Blome, A. Meyer, U. Müller, Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) , in: 2018.","chicago-de":"Blome, André, Alexander Meyer und Ulrich Müller. 2018. Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) . In: .","bjps":"<b>Blome A, Meyer A and Müller U</b> (2018) Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) .","ama":"Blome A, Meyer A, Müller U. Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) . In: ; 2018.","van":"Blome A, Meyer A, Müller U. Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) . In 2018.","short":"A. Blome, A. Meyer, U. Müller, in: 2018.","ufg":"<b>Blome, André/Meyer, Alexander/Müller, Ulrich</b>: Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) , in: o. Hg.: o. O. 2018.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Blome, André</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, Alexander</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Müller, Ulrich</span>: Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) . In: , 2018"},"department":[{"_id":"DEP4009"},{"_id":"DEP1308"}],"year":"2018","title":"Von I4.0 zu LM4.0 – Vielfalt, Sinnhaftigkeit und Mitwirkung von LM-Technologen) ","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"André","last_name":"Blome","full_name":"Blome, André","id":"62117"},{"last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, Alexander","id":"58585","first_name":"Alexander"},{"full_name":"Müller, Ulrich","id":"12119","last_name":"Müller","first_name":"Ulrich"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2018-10-12","start_date":"2018-10-12","location":"Lemgo","name":"DLG-Studierenden-Workshop „Lebensmittelindustrie 4.0 & Start-Up Gründung“"},"type":"conference_abstract"}]