@misc{7528, author = {{Hilmert, Dirk and Krüger, Kevin and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{23rd International Colloquium Tribology - industrial and automotive lubrication : conference proceedings 2022}}, editor = {{Topolovec-Miklozic, Ksenija}}, pages = {{313 – 315}}, publisher = {{TAE, Technische Akademie Esslingen}}, title = {{{Wear of electrical contacts of equal motion amplitude and equal force in different directions}}}, volume = {{23/1}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8352, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Hilmert, Dirk and Simonsmeier, Robin and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{ICEC 2022 - Sapporo - 31st International Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Sapporo}}, pages = {{77 -- 82}}, publisher = {{ICEC}}, title = {{{Correlation between fretting corrosion and wear under various motion modes}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8353, abstract = {{A new model for the reliability prediction was developed and validated in previous investigations in order to enable the determination of the failure in time (FIT) of electrical connectors from highly accelerated life tests (HALT). The established testing method considers the influence of temperature, thermal cycling and vibration on the failure rates of electrical connectors. Various stress levels, i.e. the combinations of different test parameters, were derived from the ZVEI Technical Guideline TLF 0214 for low voltage automotive connectors. The applied vibrational load was initially defined as a sinusoidal test mode. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the vibration test mode on the failure rates. Two commonly used automotive connectors are chosen and subjected to stresses in HALT under two different types of vibrational load. The sinusoidal test mode along with the random vibration test mode are taken into account. The influence of the vibration test modes is subsequently determined by comparing the numbers of failures. Additionally, the principles of determining the coefficient of vibration are discussed and the specific coefficients for the chosen connectors are calculated based on the test results. A guideline, derived from this investigation, to select an appropriate vibration mode and vibration level is provided in order to compare the reliability of different electrical connectors.}}, author = {{Krüger, Kevin and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Microelectronics reliability : an internat. journal & world abstracting service}}, issn = {{0026-2714}}, keywords = {{Acceleration factor, Coefficient of vibration, Sine sweep, Random vibration, Failure rate}}, number = {{8}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{The influence of the vibration test mode on the failure rate of electrical connectors}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114567}}, volume = {{135}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{9210, abstract = {{In order to guarantee long lifetime and high performance of electrical contacts, a plating is usually applied on the base material. Silver is a promising plating material because of a good balance between performance and costs. The conventional silver plating is soft; therefore, a thick silver plating should be used to prevent the wear through during the operation. In order to enhance the wear resistance and prolong the lifetime of the silver plating, silver platings are modified by co-depositing nanoparticles with a core/shell structure into the silver matrix. A novel method to prepare the Ag (shell)@Al 2 O 3 (core) nanoparticles by galvanic process is introduced in this paper. The influence of fabrication parameters in the galvanic process such as the concentration of silver nitrate solution and the plating voltage on the silver content in the Ag@Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles is investigated. Afterwards, different concentrations of core/shell nanoparticles are co-deposited into the silver plating to study the effect of nanoparticles on the microhardness, microstructure and the lifetime of the silver plating. As a result, the microhardness and the lifetime of the silver plating are significantly improved and a favorable nanoparticle concentration exists for the longest lifetime. Moreover, the mechanism of the lifetime improvement is determined.}}, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Probst, Roman and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Electrical contacts - 2022 : proceedings of the Sixty-Seventh IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-5966-2}}, issn = {{978-1-6654-5965-5}}, keywords = {{Nanoparticles, Resistance, Fabrication, Silver, Costs, Contacts, Voltage}}, location = {{ Tampa, FL, USA}}, pages = {{166 -- 173}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Influence of Core/Shell Nanoparticles on the Fretting Behavior of Electrical Contacts}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HLM54538.2022.9969773}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{9213, abstract = {{The function and reliability of electrical connectors in automotive applications is crucial for vehicle safety, especially with regard to E-mobility and autonomous driving. For this reason, electrical connectors are being developed for long-term use applications. However, a small amount of function failures are still being observed in long-term use field vehicles. In this study all electrical connectors of five long-term driven vehicles from various car manufacturers are disassembled and analyzed. The same analysis procedure is followed for every vehicle and the electrical resistance of the connectors is measured to determine electrical failures. The contacts of failed connectors are further analyzed using optical microscopy, XRF spectroscopy, EDS and detailed contact resistance mapping. By comparing the connectors with electrical failures to the same types of connectors with a proper electrical resistance, failure mechanisms can be detected and analyzed. The frequency of various failure mechanisms is statistically evaluated. The results of the analysis provide valuable indications with respect to improvement of the reliability of connectors.}}, author = {{Hilmert, Dirk and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Electrical contacts - 2022 : proceedings of the Sixty-Seventh IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-5966-2}}, issn = {{2158-9992}}, keywords = {{Connectors, Resistance, Spectroscopy, Optical microscopy, Microscopy, Vehicle safety, Failure analysis}}, location = {{Tampa, FL, USA}}, pages = {{9 -- 16}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{The Analysis of Failure Mechanisms of Electrical Connectors in Long-term Use Field Vehicles}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HLM54538.2022.9969820}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{6286, author = {{Krüger, K. and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der VDE/VDI-GMM-Fachtagung „Symposium Connectors“}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{169 -- 182}}, title = {{{Schwingungsarten der Vibrationsprüfung und deren Einfluss auf die Ausfallrate von Steckverbindern}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{6287, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der VDE/VDI-GMM-Fachtagung „Symposium Connectors“}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{144 -- 159}}, title = {{{Fretting behavior of tin plated electrical contacts under various lubrications}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{6289, author = {{Hilmert, Dirk and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der VDE/VDI-GMM-Fachtagung „Symposium Connectors“}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{117 -- 126}}, title = {{{Untersuchung der Korrelation zwischen Verschleißenergie und Verschleißvolumen an Kupferkontakten mit Silberbeschichtung}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{6290, author = {{Langer, T. and Shukla, Abhay Rammurti and Yuan, Haomiao and Probst, Roman and Nolte, Steffen and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der VDE/VDI-GMM-Fachtagung „Symposium Connectors“}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{28 -- 43}}, title = {{{Parametric Optimization of Connectors by means of Coupled Simulation}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{6257, author = {{Kuckkuck, Carsten and Lödige, Pascal and Blauth, Michael and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Analysis of the Inter Strand and Strand/Connector Resistance Relations in Wire Connection Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/TCPMT.2020.3005075}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{6258, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik }}, number = {{5 - 6}}, pages = {{14 -- 18}}, publisher = {{expert}}, title = {{{The effect of lubrication and thermal storage on the fretting behavior of electrical contacts}}}, doi = {{10.30419/TuS-2020-0024}}, volume = {{67}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{6324, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Hilmert, Dirk and Shukla, Abhay Rammurti and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 66th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, title = {{{Effect of Direction of Motion on Fretting Corrosion Behaviour}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{6343, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of 22rd International Colloquium Tribology}}, location = {{Esslingen}}, title = {{{Effect of the lubrication and thermal aging on the fretting behavior of electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{6347, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2nd Korea-Tribology International Symposium (K-TRIB2020)}}, location = {{Online Symposium}}, title = {{{Fretting Corrosion of Different Metals in Vacuum}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{6348, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, title = {{{A Cu/Sn Multilayer System and its Fretting Corrosion Behavior}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{2183, abstract = {{To connect terminals in a cyber–physical system, large quantities of electrical contacts are used. In order to guarantee a high reliability of the system, the lifetime of the electrical contacts should be very long. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the failure mechanism and then to predict the lifetime of the electrical contacts. For the applications under high thermal and/or mechanical loads, noble plating is a good choice, considering its inertness to oxidation. For noble plating, one of the most critical failure mechanisms is the fretting wear. Wear debris generated in the contact area, acting as the third bodies, will greatly influence the further wear behavior and electrical performance. In this study, the state of the art regarding third bodies is firstly reviewed, and then the influence of the third bodies on the wear and electrical performance is investigated, from the aspects of lifetime and the element distributions in contact area. Finally, an example of prediction of the wear of noble plating is shown with the consideration of the third bodies. Based on this study, by involving the third bodies, the wear of noble plating can be predicted with a higher accuracy.}}, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, issn = {{2227-7080}}, journal = {{Technologies}}, keywords = {{electrical contacts, noble plating, third bodies, wear prediction}}, number = {{4}}, title = {{{An Improved Calculation Model for the Prediction of the Wear of Coated Electrical Contacts}}}, doi = {{10.3390/technologies7040077}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{6253, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali}}, journal = {{Wear}}, pages = {{1439 -- 1445}}, title = {{{Fretting corrosion behavior of electrical contacts with tin coating in atmosphere and vacuum}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.wear.2018.11.024}}, volume = {{426 - 427}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6291, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, V. and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der VDE/VDI-GMM-Fachtagung „Symposium Connectors“}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{176 -- 182}}, title = {{{Vorhersage des Durchriebs von Oberflächenschutzschichten}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6292, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Koch, C.}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der VDE/VDI-GMM-Fachtagung „Symposium Connectors“}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{91 -- 98}}, title = {{{Zuverlässigkeit von Steckverbindern}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6310, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Shukla, Abhay Rammurti}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of 15th Arnold Tross Colloquium}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, title = {{{Wear and fretting corrosion of coatings of electrical contacts - Some new aspects}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6325, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 65th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Milwaukee}}, title = {{{Fretting corrosion behavior of various contact surfaces under diverse operating conditions}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6326, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Shukla, Abhay Rammurti and Koch, Christian and Hilmert, Dirk}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 65th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Milwaukee}}, title = {{{Correlation of connector contact failures in accelerated testing and in long-term use field vehicles}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6340, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der 60. Tribologie-Fachtagung 2019}}, location = {{Göttingen}}, title = {{{Influence of plating pairing on the fretting behavior of electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6349, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Reliability of Electrical Products and Electrical Contacts (ICREPEC’2019)}}, location = {{Suzhou}}, title = {{{Influence of oxygen partial pressure and fretting amplitude on the lifetime of electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6350, author = {{Krüger, Kevin and Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of Smart Energy and Systems}}, location = {{Dortmund}}, title = {{{Elektrische Verbindungstechnik für smarte und autonome Systeme}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{6477, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali}}, location = {{Hannover}}, title = {{{Tribological aspects and challenges of electrical connections}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{6256, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, journal = {{IEEE Transactions on TCPMT}}, number = {{03}}, pages = {{264 -- 374}}, title = {{{Simulation Methodology for Prediction of the Wear on Silver Coated Electrical Contacts with a Sphere/Flat Configuration}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6327, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Koch, Christian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 64th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Albuquerque, USA}}, title = {{{Accelerated Testing of Electromechanical Connectors Considering Thermal and Mechanical Loads}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6328, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 64th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Albuquerque, USA}}, title = {{{A Modification of the Calculation Model for the Prediction of the Wear of Silver-Coated Electrical Contacts with Consideration of Third Bodies}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6339, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband der 59. Tribologie-Fachtagung 2018}}, location = {{Göttingen}}, title = {{{Calculation model for prediction of the wear process of coatings in electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6344, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of 21st International Colloquium Tribology}}, location = {{Esslingen}}, title = {{{The influence of the underlayer on fretting behavior of gold coated electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6353, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, location = {{San Sebastian}}, title = {{{A modified calculation model fort he forecast oft he wear through of protection coating of electrical connectors}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{6254, author = {{Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali and Yuan, Haomiao and Koch, Christian}}, journal = {{Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik}}, pages = {{13 -- 19}}, title = {{{Kontaktanordnung und Lebensdauer von elektrischen Kontaktoberflächen}}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6321, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of VDE-Fachtagung Albert-Keil-Kontakt-Seminar 2017}}, pages = {{54 -- 62}}, title = {{{Calculation Models for Prediction of Wear and Wear Through of Coatings of Electrical Contacts with a Sphere/Flat Configuration}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6330, author = {{Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali and Yuan, Haomiao}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 63rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Denver, USA}}, pages = {{117 -- 124}}, title = {{{Third bodies in electrical contacts – Wear and electrical performance}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6337, author = {{Song, Jian and Hansmann, Stephan and Koch, Christian and Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 6th World Tribology Congress 2017}}, title = {{{Enhanced wear resistance of mechanically modified tin plating}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6338, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 6th World Tribology Congress 2017}}, title = {{{Simulation models for predicting the wear process of coated electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6460, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian}}, location = {{Bochum}}, title = {{{The development chain in coating materials for electrical contacts}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{6255, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, journal = {{International Journal of Fracture Fatigue and Wear}}, pages = {{158 -- 165}}, title = {{{Fretting Wear and Fretting Corrosion of Electrical Contacts, International Journal of Fracture Fatigue and Wear}}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6309, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of 12th Arnold Tross Colloquium}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, title = {{{The influence of silver coating thickness involving surface roughness on the linear wear rate}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6332, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 62nd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Clearwater Beach, FL, USA}}, title = {{{Fretting corrosion of tin coated electrical contacts: the influence of normal force, coating thickness and geometry of sample configuration}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6334, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Electric Contacts (ICEC2016)}}, location = {{Edinburgh}}, pages = {{93 -- 98}}, title = {{{The Influence of Roughness on the Wear and Fretting Behavior of Silver Coated Electrical Contacts}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6335, author = {{Yuan, Haomiao and Song, Jian and Koch, Christian and Silbernagel, Eugen and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of XXX International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies (SMT30)}}, location = {{Milan}}, title = {{{Tribological Properties and Fretting Performance of Gold, Silver and Tin Coatings}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6336, author = {{Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali and Yuan, Haomiao and Koch, Christian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of Tribologie-Fachtagung 2016}}, location = {{Göttingen}}, title = {{{Kontaktanordnung und Lebensdauer von elektrischen Kontaktoberflächen}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6484, author = {{Song, Jian and Yuan, Haomiao and Schinow, Vitali}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of Expertenworkshop Galvano- und Oberflächentechnik für Elektronikanwendungen}}, location = {{Berlin}}, title = {{{Einfluss der Silberschichtdicke elektrischer Kontakte auf die lineare Verschleißrate und die Lebensdauer}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{6251, author = {{Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali and Yuan, Haomiao}}, journal = {{International Journal of Fracture Fatigue and Wear}}, pages = {{200 -- 207}}, title = {{{The Influence of Coating Thickness on Linear Wear Rate in Silver Coated Contacts}}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6308, author = {{Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali and Yuan, Haomiao}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of 11th Arnold Tross Colloquium}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, title = {{{The Influence of Coating Thickness on Linear Wear Rate in Silver Coated Contacts}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6319, author = {{Song, Jian and Schinow, Vitali and Yuan, Haomiao}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 42th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology}}, location = {{Lyon, France}}, pages = {{82}}, title = {{{THE LINEAR WEAR RATE OF A COATED CONTACT BETWEEN A SPHERE AND A FLAT SURFACE}}}, year = {{2015}}, }