---
_id: '2077'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this paper we present an optical measurement system approach for quality
    analysis of brakes which are used in high-speed trains. The brakes consist of
    the so called brake discs and pads. In a deceleration process the discs will be
    heated up to 500°C. The quality measure is based on the fact that the heated brake
    discs should not generate hot spots inside the brake material. Instead, the brake
    disc should be heated homogeneously by the deceleration. Therefore, it makes sense
    to analyze the number of hot spots and their relative gradients to create a quality
    measure for train brakes. In this contribution we present a new approach for a
    quality measurement system which is based on an image analysis and classification
    of infra-red based heat images. Brake images which are represented in pseudo-color
    are first transformed in a linear grayscale space by a hue-saturation-intensity
    (HSI) space. This transform is necessary for the following gradient analysis which
    is based on gray scale gradient filters. Furthermore, different features based
    on Haralick's measures are generated from the gray scale and gradient images.
    A following Fuzzy-Pattern-Classifier is used for the classification of good and
    bad brakes. It has to be pointed out that the classifier returns a score value
    for each brake which is between 0 and 100% good quality. This fact guarantees
    that not only good and bad bakes can be distinguished, but also their quality
    can be labeled. The results show that all critical thermal patterns of train brakes
    can be sensed and verified.
article_number: 7389 1Y
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Glock, Stefan
  id: '44020'
  last_name: Glock
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Hausmann, Stefan
  last_name: Hausmann
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Gerke, Sebastian
  id: '73865'
  last_name: Gerke
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Warok, Alexander
  last_name: Warok
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Spiess, Peter
  last_name: Spiess
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Witte, Stefan
  id: '1605'
  last_name: Witte
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Lohweg, Volker
  id: '1804'
  last_name: Lohweg
  orcid: 0000-0002-3325-7887
citation:
  ama: 'Glock S, Hausmann S, Gerke S, et al. Optical classification for quality and
    defect analysis of train brakes. In: <i>Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial
    Inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe.
    Peter H. Lehmann, Ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>. Vol 7389.  Proceedings of SPIE. SPIE ; 2009.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457</a>'
  apa: 'Glock, S., Hausmann, S., Gerke, S., Warok, A., Spiess, P., Witte, S., &#38;
    Lohweg, V. (2009). Optical classification for quality and defect analysis of train
    brakes. <i>Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VI : 15 - 18
    June 2009, Munich, Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann, Ed. ;
    Pt. 2 </i>, <i>7389</i>, Article 7389 1Y. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Glock S <i>et al.</i></b> (2009) Optical Classification for Quality and
    Defect Analysis of Train Brakes. <i>Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial
    Inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe.
    Peter H. Lehmann, Ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>, vol. 7389.  Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE .'
  chicago: 'Glock, Stefan, Stefan Hausmann, Sebastian Gerke, Alexander Warok, Peter
    Spiess, Stefan Witte, and Volker Lohweg. “Optical Classification for Quality and
    Defect Analysis of Train Brakes.” In <i>Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial
    Inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe.
    Peter H. Lehmann, Ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>, Vol. 7389.  Proceedings of SPIE.  Bellingham,
    Wash. : SPIE , 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Glock, Stefan, Stefan Hausmann, Sebastian Gerke, Alexander Warok, Peter
    Spiess, Stefan Witte und Volker Lohweg. 2009. Optical classification for quality
    and defect analysis of train brakes. In: <i>Optical measurement systems for industrial
    inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / sponsored by SPIE Europe.
    Peter H. Lehmann, ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>, 7389:.  Proceedings of SPIE.  Bellingham,
    Wash. : SPIE . doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Glock, Stefan</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hausmann, Stefan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gerke,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Warok, Alexander</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Spiess, Peter</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Witte,
    Stefan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lohweg, Volker</span>:
    Optical classification for quality and defect analysis of train brakes. In: <i>Optical
    measurement systems for industrial inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich,
    Germany / sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann, ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>, <i> Proceedings
    of SPIE</i>. Bd. 7389.  Bellingham, Wash.  : SPIE , 2009'
  havard: 'S. Glock, S. Hausmann, S. Gerke, A. Warok, P. Spiess, S. Witte, V. Lohweg,
    Optical classification for quality and defect analysis of train brakes, in: Optical
    Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich,
    Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann, Ed. ; Pt. 2 , SPIE ,  Bellingham,
    Wash. , 2009.'
  ieee: 'S. Glock <i>et al.</i>, “Optical classification for quality and defect analysis
    of train brakes,” in <i>Optical measurement systems for industrial inspection
    VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann,
    ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>, München, 2009, vol. 7389. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457</a>.'
  mla: 'Glock, Stefan, et al. “Optical Classification for Quality and Defect Analysis
    of Train Brakes.” <i>Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VI :
    15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann,
    Ed. ; Pt. 2 </i>, vol. 7389, 7389 1Y, SPIE , 2009, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457</a>.'
  short: 'S. Glock, S. Hausmann, S. Gerke, A. Warok, P. Spiess, S. Witte, V. Lohweg,
    in: Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009,
    Munich, Germany / Sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann, Ed. ; Pt. 2 , SPIE
    ,  Bellingham, Wash. , 2009.'
  ufg: '<b>Glock, Stefan u. a.</b>: Optical classification for quality and defect
    analysis of train brakes, in: o. Hg.: Optical measurement systems for industrial
    inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / sponsored by SPIE Europe.
    Peter H. Lehmann, ed. ; Pt. 2 , Bd. 7389,  Bellingham, Wash.  2009 ( Proceedings
    of SPIE).'
  van: 'Glock S, Hausmann S, Gerke S, Warok A, Spiess P, Witte S, et al. Optical classification
    for quality and defect analysis of train brakes. In: Optical measurement systems
    for industrial inspection VI : 15 - 18 June 2009, Munich, Germany / sponsored
    by SPIE Europe Peter H Lehmann, ed ; Pt 2 .  Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE ; 2009.
    ( Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 7389).'
conference:
  end_date: 2009-06-18
  location: München
  name: 'VI. Optical measurement systems for industrial inspection '
  start_date: 2009-06-15
date_created: 2019-11-29T14:42:59Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:24:22Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827457
intvolume: '      7389'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/7389/73891Y/Optical-classification-for-quality-and-defect-analysis-of-train-brakes/10.1117/12.827457.full
place: ' Bellingham, Wash. '
publication: 'Optical measurement systems for industrial inspection VI : 15 - 18 June
  2009, Munich, Germany / sponsored by SPIE Europe. Peter H. Lehmann, ed. ; Pt. 2 '
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - ' 9780819476722 '
publication_status: published
publisher: 'SPIE '
series_title: ' Proceedings of SPIE'
status: public
title: Optical classification for quality and defect analysis of train brakes
type: conference
user_id: '83781'
volume: 7389
year: '2009'
...