@misc{12850,
  abstract     = {{Winter cover crops (CCs) provide substantial agronomic and environmental benefits, yet their influence on nitrogen (N) fertilization requirements and yield outcomes for subsequent crops remains underexplored. This study investigates the economic optimal nitrogen rates (EONRs) and corresponding yield effects for first (silage maize or sugar beet) and second (winter wheat) succeeding crops following CCs. Four CC species from different functional groups were compared to a bare fallow control on contrasting sandy and loamy soils across four German field sites over two consecutive cropping sequences. Results revealed opposing effects: reduced EONR and increased N use efficiency on sandy soils in silage maize sequences, particularly following oil radish and rye CCs, but increased EONR on loamy soils for sugar beet sequences, with vetch CC showing the most favourable outcomes. Yield impacts varied by CC type and soil, with oil radish consistently enhancing yields across sites. However, CC effects on EONR were not correlated with pre-winter N uptake in CC biomass, challenging simple N budgeting practices. Environmental analysis highlighted potential greenhouse gas savings via reduced fertilizer inputs on sandy soils but increased upstream emissions on loamy sites. These findings emphasize the need for site-specific CC selection to balance economic and environmental benefits, with oil radish and vetch emerging as optimal choices in our trials for sandy and loamy soils, respectively.}},
  author       = {{Kühling, Insa and Pahlmann, Ingo and Räbiger, Thomas and Helfrich, Mirjam and Flessa, Heinz and Schlathölter, Michaela and Koch, Heinz-Josef and Essich, Lisa and Ruser, Reiner and Reinhard-Kolempas, Marilena and Hoffmann, Annette and Kage, Henning}},
  booktitle    = {{Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems}},
  issn         = {{1573-0867}},
  keywords     = {{Catch crop, Silage maize, Sugar beet, Winter wheat, N-transfer, Cropping sequence, N recommendations}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Legacies of winter cover crops lead to opposing optimal N fertilisation rates and yields in first and second subsequent crops on contrasting soils}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10705-025-10400-0}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{12825,
  abstract     = {{Agriculture is a major contributor to nitrate groundwater contamination. Hence, farmers are demanded to reduce the environmental impact but simultaneously must provide sufficient food products. One important building block for this "sustainable intensification" are appropriate cropping strategies. The potential of modified crop rotations was evaluated in a high-yielding environment in Northern Germany. Therefore, in five consecutive growing seasons (2016/2017 - 2020/2021) three crop rotations were grown in a field trial and compared with respect to agronomic (cereal unit), economic (gross margin) and environmental (N surplus) parameters. A standard crop rotation, typical for the region of the study, was compared with rearranged and augmented crop rotations. Therefore, crops with a high autumnal N uptake (winter oilseed rape and catch crops) were grown after crops with typically high soil mineral N (SMN) amounts after harvest (faba bean and winter oilseed rape). Due to the change of preceding and subsequent crops, an increased N transfer was supposed to prevent N from leaching and a lower N fertilizer demand of the subsequent crop was expected. On average, the modified crop rotations achieved significantly higher cereal units (9.3 and 10.8 t center dot ha -1) compared to the local crop rotation (8.5 t center dot ha -1). The gross margin of the local crop rotation was 1474 euro center dot ha- 1 and the other crop rotations maintained (1443 euro center dot ha -1) or significantly increased (1572 euro center dot ha -1) this value, respectively. The local crop rotation had a N surplus of 47 kg N center dot ha -1. In contrast, the N surplus of the modified crop rotations was significantly lower (10 and 28 kg N center dot ha -1). In summary, the results showed that a thoughtful rearrangement of crop rotations is an appropriate measure to simultaneously improve yields and gross margins with less unfavorable environmental impacts.}},
  author       = {{Rose, Maren and Pahlmann, Ingo and Kage, Henning}},
  booktitle    = {{European Journal of Agronomy}},
  issn         = {{1873-7331}},
  keywords     = {{Crop rotation, Sustainable intensification, Cereal unit, Gross margin, Nitrogen surplus, Effective net nitrogen mineralization}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Modified crop rotations for a sustainable intensification? A case study in a high-yielding environment with recurrent nitrogen surplus}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.eja.2022.126644}},
  volume       = {{142}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{7823,
  author       = {{Rothardt, S. and Fuß, R. and Pahlmann, Ingo and Kage, H.}},
  booktitle    = {{Frontiers in Environmental Science}},
  issn         = {{2296-665X}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers}},
  title        = {{{Post-Harvest N2O Emissions Can Be Mitigated With Organic Amendments}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fenvs.2021.712013}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{8254,
  author       = {{Kage, H. and Rose, M. and Pahlmann, Ingo}},
  booktitle    = {{DLG-Mitteilungen}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{20--23}},
  publisher    = {{Max-Eyth-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH}},
  title        = {{{Düngeverordnung. Wie lassen sich die Fruchtfolgen anpassen?}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}