[{"title":"Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing","status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)","author":[{"last_name":"Frühwald-König","full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","first_name":"Katja","id":"26232"},{"id":"79798","full_name":"Hackel, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Hackel"},{"last_name":"Kipp","first_name":"Dennis","full_name":"Kipp, Dennis","id":"69573"},{"first_name":"Karin","full_name":"Lüke, Karin","last_name":"Lüke","id":"74640"},{"id":"77282","last_name":"Stracke","full_name":"Stracke, Felix Leonard","first_name":"Felix Leonard"},{"id":"77259","last_name":"Burghaus","first_name":"Noah","full_name":"Burghaus, Noah"},{"last_name":"Wieland","full_name":"Wieland, Stefanie","first_name":"Stefanie"}],"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Since the early 2000s, forest owners in Central Europe have increasingly planted Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana (STEV.) SPACH) and Noble fir (Abies procera REHD.) for Christmas trees, intending to convert them into high forests. Climate-related damage, especially since 2018, has significantly reduced spruce populations, requirering a shift towards climate-adaptable tree species in future forests. Additionally, to reduce CO2 emissions from construction, there's a push for expanding timber construction, requiring non-spruce species for load-bearing products and applications. Although Nordmann and Noble fir are potential alternatives to spruce, they are not yet integrated into European standardization for load-bearing construction. Therefore, an assessment of German-origin Nordmann and Noble fir for use in glued laminated building products (GLT and CLT) is underway. Kiln-dried lamellas are graded visually and by machine using longitudinal vibration, with selected lamellas tested for tensile strength. Various mechanical properties are determined using non-destructive and destructive methods to establish input parameters for Finite Element Analysis (FEA). "}],"year":"2024","conference":{"location":"Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil","start_date":"2024-09-17","end_date":"2024-09-21","name":"23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium"},"oa":"1","type":"conference_editor_article","citation":{"van":"Frühwald-König K, Hackel M, Kipp D, Lüke K, Stracke FL, Burghaus N, et al. Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing. Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); 2024.","ieee":"K. Frühwald-König <i>et al.</i>, <i>Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2024, pp. 192–204.","mla":"Frühwald-König, Katja, et al. “Nordmann and Noble Fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing.” <i>Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium</i>, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2024, pp. 192–204.","chicago":"Frühwald-König, Katja, Martin Hackel, Dennis Kipp, Karin Lüke, Felix Leonard Stracke, Noah Burghaus, and Stefanie Wieland. <i>Nordmann and Noble Fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. <i>Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium</i>. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2024.","apa":"Frühwald-König, K., Hackel, M., Kipp, D., Lüke, K., Stracke, F. L., Burghaus, N., &#38; Wieland, S. (2024). Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing. In <i>Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium</i> (pp. 192–204). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Frühwald-König, Katja</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hackel, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kipp, Dennis</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lüke, Karin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Stracke, Felix Leonard</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Burghaus, Noah</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Wieland, Stefanie</span>: <i>Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i> : United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2024","short":"K. Frühwald-König, M. Hackel, D. Kipp, K. Lüke, F.L. Stracke, N. Burghaus, S. Wieland, Nordmann and Noble Fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2024.","ama":"Frühwald-König K, Hackel M, Kipp D, et al. <i>Nordmann and Noble Fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); 2024:192-204.","ufg":"<b>Frühwald-König, Katja u. a.</b>: Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing, o. O. 2024.","bjps":"<b>Frühwald-König K <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) <i>Nordmann and Noble Fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).","chicago-de":"Frühwald-König, Katja, Martin Hackel, Dennis Kipp, Karin Lüke, Felix Leonard Stracke, Noah Burghaus und Stefanie Wieland. 2024. <i>Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. <i>Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium</i>. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).","havard":"K. Frühwald-König, M. Hackel, D. Kipp, K. Lüke, F.L. Stracke, N. Burghaus, S. Wieland, Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2024."},"user_id":"83781","date_updated":"2024-11-08T14:35:51Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://0cdb47ff-77aa-47e5-934f-02cbc1522dca.usrfiles.com/ugd/0cdb47_0e99942089924b718bd01f1cb897f338.pdf"}],"department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"date_created":"2024-11-08T09:33:17Z","keyword":["Nordmann fir","Noble fir","grading","elastomechanical properties","ultrasonic testing","vibration measurement"],"page":"192-204","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"12028"},{"author":[{"full_name":"Hackel, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Hackel","id":"79798"},{"last_name":"Frühwald-König","full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","first_name":"Katja","id":"26232"},{"last_name":"Burghaus","full_name":"Burghaus, Noah","first_name":"Noah","id":"87337"},{"full_name":"Stracke, Felix Leonard","first_name":"Felix Leonard","last_name":"Stracke","id":"77282"}],"publisher":"Edinburgh Napier University ","publication_status":"published","_id":"12029","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Following storm and calamity events in Europe since the early 2000s, many forest owners decided to establish Christmas tree plantations featuring Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana (STEV.) SPACH) and Noble fir (Abies procera REHD.), which are currently transformed into high forests. Climate-related forest damages and calamities result in significant depletion of spruce since 2018. Future forests should be characterized by a climate-adaptable variety of tree species. Nordmann and Noble fir represent possible alternatives to spurce, however from European origin they are not yet integrated into European standardization and therefore cannot be used for load bearing construction products. Consequently, an assessment of the potential of Nordmann and Noble fir of German origin for use in Glued Laminated Timber (GLT) is conducted. Selected tensile, compression, shear, and bending properties in various anatomical directions are determined on small, defect-free samples with destructive and non-destructive methods to establish input parameters for Finite Element Analysis (FEA).","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024)","user_id":"83781","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"date_created":"2024-11-08T09:37:43Z","date_updated":"2024-11-08T14:29:56Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385514080_Nordmann_and_Noble_fir_-Determination_of_Elastomechanical_Properties_by_Non-Destructive_and_Destructive_Testing"}],"title":"Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing","year":"2024","conference":{"end_date":"2024-10-24","name":" 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024)","location":"Edinburgh, Scotland","start_date":"2024-10-23"},"type":"conference_editor_article","citation":{"havard":"M. Hackel, K. Frühwald-König, N. Burghaus, F.L. Stracke, Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing, Edinburgh Napier University , 2024.","bjps":"<b>Hackel M <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) <i>Nordmann and Noble Fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. Edinburgh Napier University .","chicago-de":"Hackel, Martin, Katja Frühwald-König, Noah Burghaus und Felix Leonard Stracke. 2024. <i>Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. <i>Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024)</i>. Edinburgh Napier University .","ufg":"<b>Hackel, Martin u. a.</b>: Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing, o. O. 2024.","ama":"Hackel M, Frühwald-König K, Burghaus N, Stracke FL. <i>Nordmann and Noble Fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. Edinburgh Napier University ; 2024.","short":"M. Hackel, K. Frühwald-König, N. Burghaus, F.L. Stracke, Nordmann and Noble Fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing, Edinburgh Napier University , 2024.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hackel, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Frühwald-König, Katja</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Burghaus, Noah</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Stracke, Felix Leonard</span>: <i>Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i> : Edinburgh Napier University , 2024","apa":"Hackel, M., Frühwald-König, K., Burghaus, N., &#38; Stracke, F. L. (2024). Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing. In <i>Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024)</i>.  20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024), Edinburgh, Scotland. Edinburgh Napier University .","ieee":"M. Hackel, K. Frühwald-König, N. Burghaus, and F. L. Stracke, <i>Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. Edinburgh Napier University , 2024.","van":"Hackel M, Frühwald-König K, Burghaus N, Stracke FL. Nordmann and Noble fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024). Edinburgh Napier University ; 2024.","mla":"Hackel, Martin, et al. “Nordmann and Noble Fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing.” <i>Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024)</i>, Edinburgh Napier University , 2024.","chicago":"Hackel, Martin, Katja Frühwald-König, Noah Burghaus, and Felix Leonard Stracke. <i>Nordmann and Noble Fir -Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing</i>. <i>Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2024)</i>. Edinburgh Napier University , 2024."},"oa":"1"}]