[{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"If high demands are placed on a technical system in terms of its reliability, it is typically designed to be modular and redundant. However, a modular design also offers the potential for optimised operation of the system, for example through a clever choice of operating point. This paper presents a holistic approach to optimise the selection of an operating point for modular, parallel and reconfigurable mechatronic systems. The existing challenges are identified using the practical example of a modular DC fast charging system for electric vehicles. Practical solutions for these challenges are also presented. In particular, the provision of data for operating point selection and optimised operating point selection will be discussed. Finally, a comparison is made with conventional operating point selection. This shows that our approach enables a higher efficiency of the charging system."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Lammersen","orcid":"0009-0001-9092-9088","id":"81623","first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Lammersen, Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Rainer","full_name":"Rasche, Rainer","last_name":"Rasche","id":"74574"}],"publication":"DC=IN 2025 – Industrial and Sustainable Direct Current Grids","title":"Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems","status":"public","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.30420/566654013","page":"91-98","department":[{"_id":"DEP5026"},{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"publisher":"VDE Verlag","date_created":"2026-08-26T06:11:11Z","_id":"13978","place":"Berlin","date_updated":"2026-08-26T10:04:16Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2026-09-17","location":"Lemgo","end_date":"2026-09-18","name":"DC=IN 2025"},"year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-8007-6654-3"]},"citation":{"ieee":"M. Lammersen and R. Rasche, <i>Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems</i>. Berlin: VDE Verlag, 2026, pp. 91–98. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013\">10.30420/566654013</a>.","havard":"M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems, VDE Verlag, Berlin, 2026.","van":"Lammersen M, Rasche R. Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems. DC=IN 2025 – Industrial and Sustainable Direct Current Grids. Berlin: VDE Verlag; 2026.","ama":"Lammersen M, Rasche R. <i>Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems</i>. VDE Verlag; 2026:91-98. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013\">10.30420/566654013</a>","ufg":"<b>Lammersen, Maximilian/Rasche, Rainer</b>: Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems, Berlin 2026.","short":"M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems, VDE Verlag, Berlin, 2026.","chicago-de":"Lammersen, Maximilian und Rainer Rasche. 2026. <i>Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems</i>. <i>DC=IN 2025 – Industrial and Sustainable Direct Current Grids</i>. Berlin: VDE Verlag. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013\">10.30420/566654013</a>, .","bjps":"<b>Lammersen M and Rasche R</b> (2026) <i>Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems</i>. Berlin: VDE Verlag.","mla":"Lammersen, Maximilian, and Rainer Rasche. “Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems.” <i>DC=IN 2025 – Industrial and Sustainable Direct Current Grids</i>, VDE Verlag, 2026, pp. 91–98, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013\">https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013</a>.","apa":"Lammersen, M., &#38; Rasche, R. (2026). Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems. In <i>DC=IN 2025 – Industrial and Sustainable Direct Current Grids</i> (pp. 91–98). VDE Verlag. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013\">https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013</a>","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lammersen, Maximilian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Rasche, Rainer</span>: <i>Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems</i>. Berlin : VDE Verlag, 2026","chicago":"Lammersen, Maximilian, and Rainer Rasche. <i>Procedure for Operating Point Selection for Modular DC Fast Charging Systems</i>. <i>DC=IN 2025 – Industrial and Sustainable Direct Current Grids</i>. Berlin: VDE Verlag, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013\">https://doi.org/10.30420/566654013</a>."},"type":"conference_editor_article","user_id":"83781"},{"citation":{"havard":"R. Hanselle, M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen, Springer Gabler, Wiesbade, n.d.","van":"Hanselle R, Lammersen M, Rasche R. Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen. Proff H, editor. Solving Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte . Wiesbade: Springer Gabler;","ama":"Hanselle R, Lammersen M, Rasche R. <i>Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen</i>. (Proff H, ed.). Springer Gabler","ieee":"R. Hanselle, M. Lammersen, and R. Rasche, <i>Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen</i>. Wiesbade: Springer Gabler.","ufg":"<b>Hanselle, Raphael/Lammersen, Maximilian/Rasche, Rainer</b>: Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen, hg. von Proff, Heike, Wiesbade o. J.","short":"R. Hanselle, M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen, Springer Gabler, Wiesbade, n.d.","mla":"Hanselle, Raphael, et al. “Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen.” <i>Solving Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte </i>, edited by Heike Proff, Springer Gabler.","chicago-de":"Hanselle, Raphael, Maximilian Lammersen und Rainer Rasche. <i>Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen</i>. Hg. von Heike Proff. <i>Solving Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte </i>. Wiesbade: Springer Gabler.","bjps":"<b>Hanselle R, Lammersen M and Rasche R</b> (n.d.) <i>Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen</i>, Proff H (ed.). Wiesbade: Springer Gabler.","chicago":"Hanselle, Raphael, Maximilian Lammersen, and Rainer Rasche. <i>Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen</i>. Edited by Heike Proff. <i>Solving Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte </i>. Wiesbade: Springer Gabler, n.d.","apa":"Hanselle, R., Lammersen, M., &#38; Rasche, R. (n.d.). Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen. In H. Proff (Ed.), <i>Solving Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte </i>. Springer Gabler.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hanselle, Raphael</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lammersen, Maximilian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Rasche, Rainer</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Proff, H.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen</i>. Wiesbade : Springer Gabler"},"type":"conference_editor_article","department":[{"_id":"DEP5026"},{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"user_id":"83781","publisher":"Springer Gabler","_id":"13979","date_created":"2026-08-26T06:16:27Z","place":"Wiesbade","author":[{"id":"79443","last_name":"Hanselle","full_name":"Hanselle, Raphael","first_name":"Raphael"},{"full_name":"Lammersen, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian","id":"81623","orcid":"0009-0001-9092-9088","last_name":"Lammersen"},{"id":"74574","last_name":"Rasche","full_name":"Rasche, Rainer","first_name":"Rainer"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-26T10:09:47Z","publication":"Solving Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte ","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"title":"Framework für das Testen von automatisierten Schienenfahrzeugen","conference":{"end_date":"2025-05-15","location":"Duisburg","name":"Wissenschaftsforum Mobilität","start_date":"2025-05-15"},"publication_status":"accepted","year":"2026","status":"public","editor":[{"last_name":"Proff","full_name":"Proff, Heike","first_name":"Heike"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-658-51644-4 "],"eisbn":["978-3-658-51645-1 "]}},{"citation":{"mla":"Lammersen, Maximilian, and Rainer Rasche. <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>.","chicago-de":"Lammersen, Maximilian und Rainer Rasche. <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>.","bjps":"<b>Lammersen M and Rasche R</b> (n.d.) <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>. .","chicago":"Lammersen, Maximilian, and Rainer Rasche. <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>, n.d.","apa":"Lammersen, M., &#38; Rasche, R. (n.d.). <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>. TH OWL Sustainability Award 2025, Höxter.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lammersen, Maximilian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Rasche, Rainer</span>: <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>","van":"Lammersen M, Rasche R. NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling.","ama":"Lammersen M, Rasche R. <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>.","havard":"M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling, n.d.","ieee":"M. Lammersen and R. Rasche, <i>NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling</i>.","short":"M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling, n.d.","ufg":"<b>Lammersen, Maximilian/Rasche, Rainer</b>: NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling, o. O. u. J. ."},"type":"conference_poster","user_id":"81623","department":[{"_id":"DEP5026"},{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"_id":"13171","date_created":"2025-09-11T12:04:34Z","date_updated":"2026-08-26T06:17:50Z","author":[{"first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Lammersen, Maximilian","last_name":"Lammersen","id":"81623","orcid":"0009-0001-9092-9088"},{"id":"74574","last_name":"Rasche","full_name":"Rasche, Rainer","first_name":"Rainer"}],"title":"NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2025-05-15","name":"TH OWL Sustainability Award 2025","end_date":"2025-05-15","location":"Höxter"},"year":"2025","status":"public","publication_status":"accepted"},{"user_id":"83781","department":[{"_id":"DEP5026"},{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"date_created":"2024-05-02T09:30:55Z","_id":"11429","type":"conference_poster","citation":{"havard":"M. Lammersen, J. Lahl, R. Rasche, Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie, n.d.","ama":"Lammersen M, Lahl J, Rasche R. <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>.","van":"Lammersen M, Lahl J, Rasche R. Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie.","ieee":"M. Lammersen, J. Lahl, and R. Rasche, <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>.","short":"M. Lammersen, J. Lahl, R. Rasche, Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie, n.d.","ufg":"<b>Lammersen, Maximilian/Lahl, Joscha/Rasche, Rainer</b>: Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie, o. O. u. J. .","mla":"Lammersen, Maximilian, et al. <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>.","bjps":"<b>Lammersen M, Lahl J and Rasche R</b> (n.d.) <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>. .","chicago-de":"Lammersen, Maximilian, Joscha Lahl und Rainer Rasche. <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>.","chicago":"Lammersen, Maximilian, Joscha Lahl, and Rainer Rasche. <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>, n.d.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lammersen, Maximilian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lahl, Joscha</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Rasche, Rainer</span>: <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>","apa":"Lammersen, M., Lahl, J., &#38; Rasche, R. (n.d.). <i>Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie</i>. Wissenschaftsforum 2023: Transformation gestalten , Darmstadt."},"publication_status":"accepted","status":"public","year":"2024","conference":{"start_date":"2023-11-16","name":"Wissenschaftsforum 2023: Transformation gestalten ","location":"Darmstadt","end_date":"2023-11-16"},"language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"title":"Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie","date_updated":"2026-08-26T09:54:33Z","author":[{"orcid":"0009-0001-9092-9088","id":"81623","last_name":"Lammersen","full_name":"Lammersen, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"id":"80625","last_name":"Lahl","full_name":"Lahl, Joscha","first_name":"Joscha"},{"id":"74574","last_name":"Rasche","full_name":"Rasche, Rainer","first_name":"Rainer"}]},{"_id":"11428","date_created":"2024-05-02T09:25:01Z","publisher":"*","user_id":"81623","department":[{"_id":"DEP5026"},{"_id":"DEP6020"}],"keyword":["modularity","optimization","PEBB","operating strategy","genetic algorithm","Pareto"],"quality_controlled":"1","type":"conference_editor_article","citation":{"apa":"Lammersen, M., &#38; Rasche, R. (n.d.). Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks. In <i>Conference proceedings of Mecatronics &#38; AISM 2023</i>. Mecatronics &#38; AISM2023, Yokohama. *.","ufg":"<b>Lammersen, Maximilian/Rasche, Rainer</b>: Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks, o. O. u. J. .","short":"M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks, *, n.d.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lammersen, Maximilian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Rasche, Rainer</span>: <i>Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks</i> : *","chicago":"Lammersen, Maximilian, and Rainer Rasche. <i>Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks</i>. <i>Conference Proceedings of Mecatronics &#38; AISM 2023</i>. *, n.d.","ieee":"M. Lammersen and R. Rasche, <i>Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks</i>. *.","chicago-de":"Lammersen, Maximilian und Rainer Rasche. <i>Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks</i>. <i>Conference proceedings of Mecatronics &#38; AISM 2023</i>. *.","bjps":"<b>Lammersen M and Rasche R</b> (n.d.) <i>Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks</i>. *.","havard":"M. Lammersen, R. Rasche, Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks, *, n.d.","van":"Lammersen M, Rasche R. Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks. Conference proceedings of Mecatronics &#38; AISM 2023. *;","ama":"Lammersen M, Rasche R. <i>Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks</i>. *","mla":"Lammersen, Maximilian, and Rainer Rasche. “Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks.” <i>Conference Proceedings of Mecatronics &#38; AISM 2023</i>, *."},"publication_status":"accepted","status":"public","year":"2023","conference":{"name":"Mecatronics & AISM2023","location":"Yokohama","end_date":"2023-09-11","start_date":"2023-09-09"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks","author":[{"full_name":"Lammersen, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian","id":"81623","orcid":"0009-0001-9092-9088","last_name":"Lammersen"},{"id":"74574","last_name":"Rasche","full_name":"Rasche, Rainer","first_name":"Rainer"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-26T06:17:30Z","publication":"Conference proceedings of Mecatronics & AISM 2023","abstract":[{"text":"Systems that place high demands on availability are typically modular in design. However, a modular design also offers potential for optimized operation under norma requirements. In this paper we present an approach to find optimal operating points from the characteristic fields of individual modules. Our approach consists of a two-step procedure. In the first stage, Pareto sets are calculated using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm. The second stage contains a heuristic that finds situationally optimal operating points using a defined operating strategy.","lang":"eng"}]}]