---
_id: '11495'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'To evaluate the suitability of an analytical instrument, essential figures
of merit such as the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification
(LOQ) can be employed. However, as the definitions k nown in the literature are
mostly applicable to one signal per sample, estimating the LOD for substances
with instruments yielding multidimensional results like electronic noses (eNoses)
is still challenging. In this paper, we will compare and present different approaches
to estimate the LOD for eNoses by employing commonly used multivariate data analysis
and regression techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), principal
component regression (PCR), as well as partial least squares regression (PLSR).
These methods could subsequently be used to assess the suitability of eNoses to
help control and steer processes where volatiles are key process parameters. As
a use case, we determined the LODs for key compounds involved in beer maturation,
namely acetaldehyde, diacetyl, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl acetate, isobutanol, and
2-phenylethanol, and discussed the suitability of our eNose for that dertermination
process. The results of the methods performed demonstrated differences of up to
a factor of eight. For diacetyl, the LOD and the LOQ were sufficiently low to
suggest potential for monitoring via eNose. '
article_number: '3520'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Kruse, Julia
id: '82298'
last_name: Kruse
- first_name: Julius
full_name: Wörner, Julius
id: '79011'
last_name: Wörner
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Schneider, Jan
id: '13209'
last_name: Schneider
orcid: 0000-0001-6401-8873
- first_name: Helene
full_name: Dörksen, Helene
id: '46416'
last_name: Dörksen
- first_name: Miriam
full_name: Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam
id: '64952'
last_name: Pein-Hackelbusch
orcid: 0000-0002-7920-0595
citation:
ama: Kruse J, Wörner J, Schneider J, Dörksen H, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Methods for
Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation
with Electronic Noses . Sensors. 2024;24(11). doi:10.3390/s24113520
apa: Kruse, J., Wörner, J., Schneider, J., Dörksen, H., & Pein-Hackelbusch,
M. (2024). Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key
Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses . Sensors, 24(11),
Article 3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113520
bjps: Kruse J et al. (2024) Methods for Estimating the Detection and
Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses
. Sensors 24.
chicago: Kruse, Julia, Julius Wörner, Jan Schneider, Helene Dörksen, and Miriam
Pein-Hackelbusch. “Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits
of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses .” Sensors 24,
no. 11 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113520.
chicago-de: Kruse, Julia, Julius Wörner, Jan Schneider, Helene Dörksen und Miriam
Pein-Hackelbusch. 2024. Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification
Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses . Sensors
24, Nr. 11. doi:10.3390/s24113520,
.
din1505-2-1: 'Kruse, Julia ; Wörner, Julius ; Schneider,
Jan ; Dörksen, Helene ; Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam: Methods for
Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation
with Electronic Noses . In: Sensors Bd. 24, MDPI (2024), Nr. 11'
havard: J. Kruse, J. Wörner, J. Schneider, H. Dörksen, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Methods
for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer
Maturation with Electronic Noses , Sensors. 24 (2024).
ieee: 'J. Kruse, J. Wörner, J. Schneider, H. Dörksen, and M. Pein-Hackelbusch, “Methods
for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer
Maturation with Electronic Noses ,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 11, Art. no.
3520, 2024, doi: 10.3390/s24113520.'
mla: Kruse, Julia, et al. “Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification
Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses .” Sensors,
vol. 24, no. 11, 3520, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113520.
short: J. Kruse, J. Wörner, J. Schneider, H. Dörksen, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Sensors
24 (2024).
ufg: 'Kruse, Julia u. a.: Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification
Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses , in: Sensors
24 (2024), H. 11.'
van: Kruse J, Wörner J, Schneider J, Dörksen H, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Methods for
Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation
with Electronic Noses . Sensors. 2024;24(11).
date_created: 2024-06-03T07:43:48Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T13:00:14Z
department:
- _id: DEP4028
doi: 10.3390/s24113520
external_id:
isi:
- '001245424000001'
pmid:
- '38894312'
intvolume: ' 24'
isi: '1'
issue: '11'
keyword:
- multidimensional sensor arrays
- MOS sensors
- beer fermentation
- process control
- gas analysis
- metal oxide semiconductors
- intentional data analysis
- chemometrics
- PLSR
- PCA
- first-order calibration
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3520
oa: '1'
pmid: '1'
publication: Sensors
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '1424-8220 '
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances
in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses '
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 24
year: '2024'
...