@misc{12838, abstract = {{The need for new bio based drop-in components for combustion engine fuels and the availability of sustainable glycerol from biodiesel production has focused attention on isopropylidene glycerol (solketal). The present study investigates the physical and chemical behavior of solketal in ternary blends with diesel fuel/biodiesel. Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) was used as renewable non-polar aliphatic diesel fuel substitute in biodiesel/ solketal blends. HVO can be considered a prototype for other non-polar fuel components such as paraffinic fuel streams from Fischer-Tropsch or BtL processes. Surface tension, permittivity and aging behavior were analyzed. Furthermore, the cetane number (CN) and the viscosity was determined. Permittivity reflects the polarity of blends and their components with its change being an indicator of loss of physical and chemical stability. The antioxidant triphenyl phosphorothioate (TPPT) was also tested in some blends. The biodiesel blends B20, B30 and B40 enables single phased diesel fuel or HVO with varied solketal content (2 and 10%) at a constant biodiesel amount. No effect of solketal on fuel aging was observed. However, HVO-containing blends tend to lower the thermo-chemical stability relative to diesel fuel.}}, author = {{Türck, Julian and Singer, Anja and Lichtinger, Anne and Almaddad, Mohammad and Türck, Ralf and Jakob, Markus and Garbe, Thomas and Ruck, Wolfgang and Krahl, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy}}, issn = {{1873-7153}}, keywords = {{Solketal, Biodiesel, HVO, Diesel fuel, Miscibility, Fuel aging, Cetane Number}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463}}, volume = {{310}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12950, abstract = {{The composition of the microbiome is subject to the host’s diet. In commercial laboratory mouse diets, different physical forms of the same diets are available, containing—according to their labels—identical ingredients and nutrient compositions. However, variations in nutrient composition and starch gelatinization due to production processes and their impact on digestibility have been described. In this study, a total of 48 C57BL/J6 mice were assigned to two equal groups and were fed diets (produced with different processes—extruded vs. pelleted) for eight weeks in two biological replicates. At the end of the experiment, samples were collected from five different gastrointestinal regions, including the stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, and an extracorporeal region (feces), and the microbiome was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The replicates in both experiments differed significantly in their relative abundances of Muribaculaceae species. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal content of pellet-fed mice contained larger numbers of Lactobacillus species. These results indicate that starch gelatinization and ingredient composition significantly influence microbial makeup. In conclusion, different feed processing methods may affect fundamental digestive and metabolic processes, impacting animal experiments and biasing microbiome data.}}, author = {{Wenderlein, Jasmin and Böswald, Linda F. and Ulrich, Sebastian and Kienzle, Ellen and Neuhaus, Klaus and Lagkouvardos, Ilias and Zenner, Christian and Straubinger, Reinhard K.}}, booktitle = {{Animals}}, issn = {{2076-2615}}, keywords = {{feed processing, starch gelatinization, laboratory mouse, diet, intestinal microbiome}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome}}}, doi = {{10.3390/ani11030862}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12951, abstract = {{Leptospirosis is a neglected worldwide zoonotic bacterial disease with a high prevalence in subtropical and tropical countries. The prevalence of Leptospira spp. in humans, cattle and dogs is unknown in Bhutan. Therefore, we sought to find out whether humans, cattle or dogs had been infected in the past with leptospires by measuring antibodies in the serum. We therefore collected blood from 864 humans ≥13 years of age, 130 bovines and 84 dogs from different rural and urban areas in Bhutan and tested the serum for antibodies specific for leptospires with a screening of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a confirmatory microscopic agglutination test (MAT). In humans, 17.6% were seropositive by ELISA and 1.6% by MAT. The seropositivity was stronger in bovines (36.9%) and dogs (47.6%). “Having had a fever recently” (OR 5.2, p = 0.004), “working for the military” (OR 26.6, p = 0.028) and “being unemployed” (OR 12.9, p = 0.041) (reference category = housemaker) were statistically significantly associated with seropositivity when controlled for the effects of other risk factors. However, due to the small number of positive test results, the findings on risk factors should be interpreted with caution. Based on the serogroups found in the three species, dogs could be a source of infection for humans, or dogs and humans are exposed to the same environmental risk factors Clinical leptospirosis in humans and domestic animals should be investigated by testing blood and urine for the presence of leptospires by molecular methods (qPCR).}}, author = {{Dreyfus, Anou and Ruf, Marie-Thérèse and Mayer-Scholl, Anne and Zitzl, Theresa and Loosli, Nadine and Bier, Nadja Seyhan and Hiereth, Stephanie and Ulrich, Sebastian and Poppert, Sven and Straubinger, Reinhard K. and Stenos, John and Tshokey, Tshokey}}, booktitle = {{Pathogens}}, issn = {{2076-0817}}, keywords = {{leptospirosis, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), seroprevalence, cattle, yak, dog, one health, Bhutan}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Exposure to Leptospira spp. and Associated Risk Factors in the Human, Cattle and Dog Populations in Bhutan}}}, doi = {{10.3390/pathogens10030308}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12952, abstract = {{Straw is the main by-product of grain production, used as bedding material and animal feed. If produced or stored under adverse hygienic conditions, straw is prone to the growth of filamentous fungi. Some of them, e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium and Stachybotrys spp. are well-known mycotoxin producers. Since studies on mycotoxins in straw are scarce, 192 straw samples (wheat n = 80; barley n = 79; triticale n = 12; oat n = 11; rye n = 12) were collected across Germany within the German official feed surveillance and screened for the presence of 21 mycotoxins. The following mycotoxins (positive samples for at least one mycotoxin n = 184) were detected: zearalenone (n = 86, 6.0–785 μg/kg), nivalenol (n = 51, 30–2,600 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (n = 156, 20–24,000 μg/kg), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (n = 34, 20–2,400 μg/kg), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (n = 16, 40–340 μg/kg), scirpentriol (n = 14, 40–680 μg/kg), T-2 toxin (n = 67, 10–250 μg/kg), HT-2 toxin (n = 92, 20–800 μg/kg), T-2 tetraol (n = 13, 70–480 μg/kg). 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (30 μg/kg) and T-2 triol (60 μg/kg) were only detected in one barley sample. Macrocyclic trichothecenes (satratoxin G, F, roridin E, and verrucarin J) were also found in only one barley sample (quantified as roridin A equivalent: total 183 μg/kg). The occurrence of stachybotrylactam was monitored for the first time in four samples (n = 4, 0.96–7.4 μg/kg). Fusarenon-X, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, satratoxin H and roridin-L2 were not detectable in the samples. The results indicate a non-negligible contribution of straw to oral and possibly inhalation exposure to mycotoxins of animals or humans handling contaminated straw.}}, author = {{Ulrich, Sebastian and Gottschalk, Christoph and Biermaier, Barbara and Bahlinger, Eunike and Twarużek, Magdalena and Asmussen, Sarah and Schollenberger, Margit and Valenta, Hana and Ebel, Frank and Dänicke, Sven}}, booktitle = {{Archives of animal nutrition = Archiv für Tierernährung}}, issn = {{1477-2817}}, keywords = {{Fusarium, mycotoxins, stachybotrylactam, stachybotrys, straw, trichothecenes, zearalenone}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{105--120}}, publisher = {{Taylor & Francis }}, title = {{{Occurrence of type A, B and D trichothecenes, zearalenone and stachybotrylactam in straw}}}, doi = {{10.1080/1745039x.2021.1877075}}, volume = {{75}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12953, abstract = {{Starch gelatinization is a major determinant of carbohydrate digestibility and varies with diet processing. Laboratory rodent diets are often marketed as identical, but are sold in different forms, regardless of the markedly higher starch gelatinization in extruded than in pelleted diets. Our hypothesis was that this would impact energy and nutrient digestibility in mice fed pellets or extrudate, respectively. Trial 1 showed that feeding C57BL/6 mice a standard maintenance diet in extruded form results in a significantly higher digestibility of organic matter, energy, and carbohydrates than the identical diet in pelleted form. The replication of the experiment, however, revealed a variation between batches of the same pelleted diet regarding starch and total dietary fiber contents. Given the significant differences in diet digestibility and the potential impacts of digestibility on nutrient utilization, the intestinal microbiome, and intermediary metabolism, trials performed with differently processed diets are not comparable. This might partly explain failures to reproduce results, especially in gastrointestinal or microbiome research. Considering this impact on experimental animals, the degree of starch gelatinization should be declared in the diet information for laboratory animal diets. The differences between batches of laboratory animal diets as observed in the pellets are not acceptable.}}, author = {{Böswald, Linda F. and Wenderlein, Jasmin and Straubinger, Reinhard K. and Ulrich, Sebastian and Kienzle, Ellen}}, booktitle = {{Animals}}, issn = {{2076-2615}}, keywords = {{standardization, carbohydrate digestibility, feed processing, starch gelatinization, gut}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility}}}, doi = {{10.3390/ani11020523}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12954, abstract = {{Stachybotrys (S.) chartarum is a cellulolytic mould with the ability to produce highly cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes. Two chemotypes are defined according to their ability to produce either atranones or satratoxins. S. chartarum has been well known as the causative agent of the lethal disease stachybotryotoxicosis in horses. Further investigations revealed that this disease is strictly correlated with the presence of macrocyclic trichothecenes. Furthermore, their occurrence in water-damaged buildings has been linked to adverse health effects such as the sick building syndrome. As the chemotypes cannot be characterized via phenotypic criteria, different methods such as PCR, MALDI–TOF MS, LC–MS/MS, thin-layer chromatography and cytotoxicity assays have been used so far. Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is commonly used for the differentiation of bacteria and yeasts, but this technique is also applicable to filamentous fungi. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating to which extent a reliable differentiation of S. chartarum chemotypes A and S is possible. Besides, another objective was to verify if the recently introduced third genotype of S. chartarum can be identified. Therefore, 28 strains including the two chemotypes and the third genotype H were cultivated on malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar in three biological replicates. Each sample was applied to FT-IR measurements on day 7, 14 and 21 of cultivation. In this study, we achieved a distinction of the chemotypes A and S via FT-IR spectroscopy after incubation for 7 days on MEA. In terms of genotype differentiation, the PCR detecting satratoxin- and atranone-gene clusters remained the only applicable method.}}, author = {{Ekruth, Julia and Gottschalk, Christoph and Ulrich, Sebastian and Gareis, Manfred and Schwaiger, Karin}}, booktitle = {{Mycopathologia}}, issn = {{1573-0832}}, keywords = {{Aspergillus nidulans, Fungal biology, Gas chromatography, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Western Blot, Bacillus subtilis}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{993--1004}}, publisher = {{Springer }}, title = {{{Differentiation of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0}}, volume = {{185}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12958, abstract = {{Cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes such as satratoxins are produced by chemotype S strains of Stachybotrys chartarum. Diseases such as stachybotryotoxicosis in animals and the sick building syndrome as a multifactorial disease complex in humans have been associated with this mold and its toxins. Less toxic non-chemotype S strains of S. chartarum are morphologically indistinguishable from chemotype S strains, which results in uncertainties in hazard characterization of isolates. To selectively identify macrocyclic trichothecene producing S. chartarum isolates, a set of sat14 gene-specific primers was designed and applied in a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using neutral red for visual signal detection. The assay was highly specific for S. chartarum strains of the macrocyclic trichothecene producing chemotype and showed no cross-reaction with non-macrocyclic trichothecene producing S. chartarum strains or 152 strains of 131 other fungal species. The assay’s detection limit was 0.635 pg/rxn (picogram per reaction) with a reaction time of 60 min. Its high specificity and sensitivity as well as the cost-saving properties make the new assay an interesting and powerful diagnostic tool for easy and rapid testing.}}, author = {{Köck, Johannes and Gottschalk, Christoph and Ulrich, Sebastian and Schwaiger, Karin and Gareis, Manfred and Niessen, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis}}, issn = {{1618-2650}}, keywords = {{Aspergillus nidulans, Basidiomycetes, Fungi, Strigolactone, Liquid chromatography, Solid-phase microextraction}}, number = {{19}}, pages = {{4801--4813}}, publisher = {{Springer }}, title = {{{Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y}}, volume = {{413}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12961, abstract = {{Zu den Zecken-übertragenen Erkrankungen beim Pferd in Deutschland zählen neben der Equinen Granulozytären Anaplasmose (EGA, verursacht durch Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ap) auch die Equine Lyme-Borreliose (verursacht durch den Borrelia-burgdorf-eri-sensu-lato-Komplex), die Frühsommer-Meningoencephalitis (FSME-Virus) und die Equine Piroplasmose (Babesia caballi, Theileria equi). Die EGA ist nicht kontagiös, so dass in der Regel innerhalb eines Bestandes nur einzelne Pferde betroffen sind. Der Schweregrad der Erkrankung ist vom Alter des Pferdes und der Dauer der Erkrankung abhängig. Zumeist tritt Apathie und Fieber auf. Jüngere Pferde (< 4 Jahre) entwickeln meist nur mildere klinische Veränderungen als ältere Pferde. In den meisten Fällen weist die EGA bei jungen Pferden und vor allem in Endemiegebieten, einen subklinischen oder milden Verlauf auf. Als Erregerreservoir dienen vor allem kleine wildlebende Säuger wie z.B. Nagetiere. Die Diagnose der EGA basiert auf der epizootischen Anamnese (jahreszeitlich und regional typisches Auftreten, vorhandene Zeckenexposition) sowie klinischen und labordiagnostischen Befunden. Der direkte Erregernachweis erfolgt durch Teilgensequenzierung, direkten mikroskopischen Nachweis oder Kultivierung. Auch indirekte Erregernachweisverfahren zur Diagnose der EGA in Form serologischer Laboruntersuchungen (Morulae bzw. Einschlusskörperchen) stehen zur Verfügung. Dabei kommen in der Regel ELISAs und Immunfluoreszenztests zum Einsatz. Ein Anstieg der Antikörperspiegel um das vierfache Niveau, lässt eine sichere Diagnose zu. Spezifische Antikörper gegen Ap können ab dem 14. Tag post infectionem und bis zu zwei Jahre später nachgewiesen werden. Die EGA kann effektiv mit Antibiotika behandelt werden. Dadurch wird die Erkrankungsdauer signifikant verkürzt und die Schwere der Erkrankung gemindert. Da Ap ein intrazelluläres Pathogen ist, sind Tetrazykline die Antibiotika der Wahl (Oxytetrazyklin intravenös in einer Dosis von 7 mg/kg Körpergewicht einmal täglich über 5–7 Tage). Da bisher keine Impfung gegen die EGA zur Verfügung steht, sind die Prophylaxe-Maßnahmen auf die Verhinderung oder Minderung einer Zeckenexposition beschränkt.}}, author = {{Gehlen, Heidrun and Inerle, Katharina and Ulrich, Sebastian and Lehmann, Beatrice and Straubinger, Reinhard K.}}, booktitle = {{Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine}}, issn = {{2943-1794}}, keywords = {{Pferd, Anaplasmose, Infektion, Diagnostik, Prävention}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{25--33}}, publisher = {{Hippiatrika GmbH}}, title = {{{Anaplasmose beim Pferd – Ein Literaturreview unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Diagnose- und Therapieverfahren H. Gehlen et al. Pferdeheilkunde – Equine Medicine 37 (2021)25 Pferdeheilkunde – Equine Medicine 37 (2021) 1 (Januar/Februar) 25–33 Anaplasmose beim Pferd – Ein Literaturreview unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Diagnose- und Therapie- verfahren sowie möglicher Präventionsmaßnahmen}}}, doi = {{10.21836/PEM20210104}}, volume = {{37}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{9998, author = {{Schmidt, Luise and Felmeden, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{fbr-wasserspiegel}}, issn = {{1436-0632}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{16–20}}, publisher = {{fbr Dialog GmbH}}, title = {{{Was haben Betriebs- und Regenwassernutzung mit Sektorkopplungen zu tun? Systematischer Ansatz, Potenziale und Herausforderungen erweiterter Sektorkopplungen und Handreichungen für Kommunen und kommunale Betriebe}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @book{9999, abstract = {{Hessen hat mit einem Phosphor-Programm für Kläranlagen im Rahmen seines Maßnahmenprogrammes für die Jahre 2015 bis 2021 eine bundesweite Vorreiterrolle zur Reduzierung von Phosphoreinträgen in die Oberflächengewässer übernommen. Alle hessischen Kläranlagen ab einer Ausbaugröße von 1.000 EW müssen nun Schritt für Schritt niedrigere Phosphor-Grenzwerte einhalten. Durch eine Halbierung der Phosphor-Einträge sollen in allen Fließgewässern die Phosphat-P-Konzentrationen auf einen unkritischen Wert von unter 0,07 mg/l PO4-P reduziert werden. Im Rahmen der Bestandsaufnahme und Erfolgskontrolle werden in dieser Studie Betriebsergebnisse und Erfahrungen zur Phosphorelimination auf mittelhessischen Kläranlagen systematisch ausgewertet und evaluiert. Die Daten und Erkenntnisse der betrachteten Kläranlagenwerden allgemein zusammengestellt und emissionsseitig ausgewertet.}}, author = {{Liese, Valerie and Schier, Wernfried and Emmert, Sarah and Felmeden, Jörg}}, editor = {{Felmeden, Jörg and Morck, Tobias}}, isbn = {{978-3-7376-0957-9}}, pages = {{168}}, publisher = {{Kassel University Press }}, title = {{{Auswertung von Betriebsergebnissen und Erfahrungen zur weitestgehenden Phosphorelimination: Evaluierung ausgewählter kommunaler Kläranlagen in Mittelhessen vor dem Hintergrund des Hessischen Maßnahmenprogrammes zu Phosphor}}}, volume = {{43}}, year = {{2021}}, }