@misc{12207, abstract = {{Lakes represent a vital source of freshwater, accounting for 87% of the Earth’s accessible surface freshwater resources and providing a range of ecosystem services, including water for human consumption. As climate change continues to unfold, understanding the potential evaporative water losses from lakes becomes crucial for effective water management strategies. Here we investigate the impacts of climate change on the evaporation rates of 23 European lakes and reservoirs of varying size during the warm season (July–September). To assess the evaporation trends, we employ a 12-member ensemble of model projections, utilizing three one-dimensional process-based lake models. These lake models were driven by bias-corrected climate simulations from four General Circulation Models (GCMs), considering both a historical (1970–2005) and future (2006–2099) period. Our findings reveal a consistent projection of increased warm-season evaporation across all lakes this century, though the magnitude varies depending on specific factors. By the end of this century (2070–2099), we estimate a 21%, 30% and 42% average increase in evaporation rates in the studied European lakes under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5, respectively. Moreover, future projections of the relationship between precipitation (P) and evaporation (E) in the studied lakes, suggest that P-E will decrease this century, likely leading to a deficit in the availability of surface water. The projected increases in evaporation rates underscore the significance of adapting strategic management approaches for European lakes to cope with the far-reaching consequences of climate change.}}, author = {{La Fuente, Sofia and Jennings, Eleanor and Lenters, John D. and Verburg, Piet and Kirillin, Georgiy and Shatwell, Tom and Couture, Raoul-Marie and Côté, Marianne and Vinnå, C. Love Råman and Woolway, R. Iestyn}}, booktitle = {{Climatic Change}}, issn = {{1573-1480}}, keywords = {{Multi-model, Water availability, Europe, Ensemble, Lake evaporation, Latent heat flux}}, number = {{12}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Increasing warm-season evaporation rates across European lakes under climate change}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s10584-024-03830-2}}, volume = {{177}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12209, abstract = {{Net ecosystem production (NEP) is an important indicator of lake ecosystem function and integrity. An earlier study, restricted to one geographical region, indicated that oxygen saturation levels (DO%) might be used to predict daily NEP in shallow lakes. To test the generality of the method, we used DO% data collected in a standardised pan-European mesocosm experiment with contrasting trophic states and water levels covering a large climate gradient (from Sweden to Turkey). We corroborated these data with process-based DO simulations. The NEP ~ DO% relation depended on factors influencing gas transfer: water depth and wind. The NEP ~ DO% relation per volume became weaker with increasing depth (1–2 m) but was independent of depth when area based. Simulations indicated that the marginalisation of the depth was sensitive to wind conditions. Trophic status, temperature and light showed no or only marginal (climate zone) effects (experimental data), while the simulations indicated influence of those factors under particular wind–depth conditions. We confirmed that when considering also wind and depth effects, midday DO% potentially provides reliable estimates of daily NEP. Therefore, historical monitoring data of DO% might be used to estimate NEP, and process-based oxygen models may be valuable tool therein. We encourage further tests.}}, author = {{Cao, Yu and Scharfenberger, Ulrike and Shatwell, Tom and Adrian, Rita and Agasild, Helen and Angeler, David G. and Beklioğlu, Meryem and Çakıroğlu, Ayşe ldil and Hejzlar, Josef and Papastergiadou, Eva and Šorf, Michal and Stefanidis, Kostas and Søndergaard, Martin and Zingel, Priit and Jeppesen, Erik}}, booktitle = {{Hydrobiologia : acta hydrobiologica, hydrographica, limnologica et protistologica }}, issn = {{1573-5117}}, keywords = {{Metabolism, Simple models, Process-based models, Cross-system analyses}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{471--487}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Predicting daily net ecosystem production in shallow lakes from dissolved oxygen saturation levels: a pan-European mesocosm experiment and modelling approach}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s10750-024-05714-z}}, volume = {{852}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12211, abstract = {{Aquatic ecosystems are threatened by eutrophication from nutrient pollution. In lakes, eutrophication causes a plethora of deleterious effects, such as harmful algal blooms, fish kills and increased methane emissions. However, lake-specific responses to nutrient changes are highly variable, complicating eutrophication management. These lake-specific responses could result from short-term stochastic drivers overshadowing lake-independent, long-term relationships between phytoplankton and nutrients. Here, we show that strong stoichiometric long-term relationships exist between nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chla) for 5-year simple moving averages (SMA, median R² = 0.87) along a gradient of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios. These stoichiometric relationships are consistent across 159 shallow lakes (defined as average depth < 6 m) from a cross-continental, open-access database. We calculate 5-year SMA residuals to assess short-term variability and find substantial short-term Chla variation which is weakly related to nutrient concentrations (median R² = 0.12). With shallow lakes representing 89% of the world’s lakes, the identified stoichiometric long-term relationships can globally improve quantitative nutrient management in both lakes and their catchments through a nutrient-ratio-based strategy.}}, author = {{Graeber, Daniel and McCarthy, Mark J. and Shatwell, Tom and Borchardt, Dietrich and Jeppesen, Erik and Søndergaard, Martin and Lauridsen, Torben L. and Davidson, Thomas A.}}, booktitle = {{Nature Communications}}, issn = {{2041-1723}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Springer Nature}}, title = {{{Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes}}}, doi = {{10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12212, abstract = {{Water quality and hypoxia in lakes and reservoirs are strongly associated with water renewal. Yet vertical water exchange is still not fully understood and challenging to evaluate in highly dynamic systems. Here, we applied a scaling approach using the vertical timescale, vertical water age (VWA), defined as time since a water parcel last touched the water surface. We established a 3D hydrodynamic-based age model to quantify the vertical water renewal in Xiangxi Bay, a tributary bay of the Three Gorges Dam. The integrated effects of hydrodynamic processes like stratification, intruding density currents from the mainstream, and upstream inflow on the vertical renewal were accounted for. Results indicated that the spatial–temporal distribution of VWA in Xiangxi Bay depended on stratification and forms of intruding density currents. Age was large in spring and summer, and small in autumn and winter, reaching a maximum of 25 days in April. The vertical water renewal was faster during bottom intrusions from the mainstream than during middle and surface intrusions. At times, the epilimnion contained old water due to circulations, and the hypolimnion contained young water due to upstream flushing. In contrast to natural lakes, the bottom water was often younger than overlying intermediate waters. This demonstrated that mixed layer depth was insufficient to fully capture the vertical exchange in riverine systems with significant surface/bottom intrusion. The findings suggested VWA as a quantitative measure of vertical water transport in highly dynamic systems and its usability for environmental water management.}}, author = {{Gai, Bo and Boehrer, Bertram and Sun, Jian and Li, Yuanyi and Lin, Binliang and Shatwell, Tom}}, booktitle = {{Journal of Hydrology}}, issn = {{1879-2707}}, keywords = {{Vertical water renewal, Water age, Thermal stratification, Hypoxia, 3D hydrodynamic-based age model, Water environmental management}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701}}, volume = {{631}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12213, abstract = {{Within freshwater networks, lakes and reservoirs are reactors that modify nutrient dynamics. Their functioning is based on an interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, rendering them vulnerable to climate change. Future changes in catchment characteristics are likely to alter the timing and magnitude of nutrient concentrations in discharge. This study investigated the impact of changing variability of nutrient concentrations on lake and reservoir dynamics. We examined intraannual nutrient retention and analyzed the role of reservoirs in reconfiguring the variability of nutrients. Utilizing the 1D lake model GOTM-WET, we simulated nutrient processing in a mesotrophic reservoir. Further, we performed scenario simulations by modifying the variability of inflow nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Our findings indicate that the reservoir removed ∼4% and ∼12% of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Particulate fractions were retained efficiently, but there was a net export of dissolved organic fractions. Regarding mixing and stratification periods, however, we observed net nitrogen export during stratification in certain years. During stratification, outflow concentration variability remained relatively unchanged for TN and TP compared to inflow concentrations. Conversely, phosphate and nitrate concentration variability increased in the outflow because of in-lake assimilation and the influence of hydrological events. With increasing inflow concentration variability during stratification, there was decreased removal of TN and TP by the reservoir, but increased variability of concentration. By evaluating the lake's capacity to attenuate variability of nutrient inflows under altered conditions, there are opportunities to improve monitoring of nutrient export and evaluate the potential impact of nutrient peaks on downstream drinking water resources and ecosystems.}}, author = {{Determann, Maria and Musolff, Andreas and Frassl, Marieke A. and Rinke, Karsten and Shatwell, Tom}}, booktitle = {{Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology}}, issn = {{2044-205X}}, keywords = {{catchment–lake interaction, concentration variability, GOTM-WET, lake nutrient export, reservoir biogeochemistry}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{560--575}}, publisher = {{Freshwater Biological Association}}, title = {{{Nutrient retention in a small reservoir under changed variability of inflow nutrient concentration}}}, doi = {{10.1080/20442041.2024.2305105}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12215, abstract = {{Water-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs, but its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood. In this study we used a well-established water quality model to illustrate effects of water level dynamics on oxygen concentration in Rappbode Reservoir, Germany. We then systematically elucidated the potential of selective withdrawal to control hypoxia under changing water levels. Our results documented a gradual decrease of hypolimnetic oxygen concentration under decreasing water level, and hypoxia occurred when the initial level was lower than 410 m a.s.l (71 m relative to the reservoir bottom). We also suggested that changes of hypoxic region, under increasing hypolimnetic withdrawal discharge, followed a unimodal trajectory with the maximum hypoxic area projected under the discharge between 3 m3/sec and 4 m3/sec. Besides, our results illustrated the extent of hypoxia was most effectively inhibited if the withdrawal strategy was applied at the end of stratification with the outlet elevation at the deepest part of the reservoir. Moreover, hypoxia can be totally avoided under a hybrid elevation withdrawal strategy using surface withdrawal during early and mid stratification, and deep withdrawal at the end of stratification. We further confirmed the decisive role of thermal structure in the formation of hypoxia under water-level reduction and withdrawal strategies. We believe the conclusions from this study can be applied to many deep waters in the temperate zone, and the results should guide stakeholders to mitigate negative impacts of hypoxia on aquatic ecosystems.}}, author = {{Mi, Chenxi and Rinke, Karsten and Shatwell, Tom}}, booktitle = {{Journal of Environmental Sciences}}, issn = {{1878-7320}}, keywords = {{Hypoxia, Water-level reduction, Hypolimnetic water withdrawal, Stratification phenology, Water quality simulation, Sediment oxygen demand}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{127--139}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025}}, volume = {{146}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{13816, abstract = {{The dataset comprises six image sections of one genuine and two counterfeit banknote-like specimens. The images were captured at 1200dpi and the sections are each 256x256 pixels in size. The genuine banknote specimen was produced with Intaglio printing and the counterfeits with offset printing processes of varying quality. There are 150 instances for each of the six image sections, with 50 samples of each of the three classes available, so in total almost 900 images are provided.}}, author = {{Knaup, Julian and Holst, Christoph-Alexander and Lohweg, Volker}}, publisher = {{Zenodo}}, title = {{{Banknote Authentication based on Intaglio print}}}, doi = {{10.5281/ZENODO.11119014}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{13824, abstract = {{ This dataset provides synthetic training data for the real-world industrial application of terminal strip object detection to investigate the sim-to-real generalization performance of modern object detectors based on state-of-the-art image synthesis methods. It consists of 30.000 randomly generated synthetic images of terminal strips covering 36 different terminal blocks in five colors and additional accessories such as plug-in bridges, test adapters, end covers and markings. Except from the markings and the DIN rail all objects of the terminal strips are labeled with a bounding box and the respective object class for supervised learning. Additionally, 300 real images of terminal strips were taken and manually labeled for the real-world test. If you use this datset for your research, please consider citing this: Investigation of the Impact of Synthetic Training Data in the Industrial Application of Terminal Strip Object Detection }}, author = {{Baumgart, Nico and Lange-Hegermann, Markus and Mücke, Mike}}, keywords = {{Object Detection, Image Synthesis, Domain Randomization, Domain Gap, Terminal Strip}}, publisher = {{Zenodo}}, title = {{{Synthetic Training Dataset for Real-World Terminal Strip Object Detection}}}, doi = {{10.5281/ZENODO.16080102}}, year = {{2024}}, }