---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Water quality and hypoxia in lakes and reservoirs are strongly associated with
    water renewal. Yet vertical water exchange is still not fully understood and challenging
    to evaluate in highly dynamic systems. Here, we applied a scaling approach using
    the vertical timescale, vertical water age (VWA), defined as time since a water
    parcel last touched the water surface. We established a 3D hydrodynamic-based
    age model to quantify the vertical water renewal in Xiangxi Bay, a tributary bay
    of the Three Gorges Dam. The integrated effects of hydrodynamic processes like
    stratification, intruding density currents from the mainstream, and upstream inflow
    on the vertical renewal were accounted for. Results indicated that the spatial–temporal
    distribution of VWA in Xiangxi Bay depended on stratification and forms of intruding
    density currents. Age was large in spring and summer, and small in autumn and
    winter, reaching a maximum of 25 days in April. The vertical water renewal was
    faster during bottom intrusions from the mainstream than during middle and surface
    intrusions. At times, the epilimnion contained old water due to circulations,
    and the hypolimnion contained young water due to upstream flushing. In contrast
    to natural lakes, the bottom water was often younger than overlying intermediate
    waters. This demonstrated that mixed layer depth was insufficient to fully capture
    the vertical exchange in riverine systems with significant surface/bottom intrusion.
    The findings suggested VWA as a quantitative measure of vertical water transport
    in highly dynamic systems and its usability for environmental water management.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Bo
      foaf_name: Gai, Bo
      foaf_surname: Gai
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Bertram
      foaf_name: Boehrer, Bertram
      foaf_surname: Boehrer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jian
      foaf_name: Sun, Jian
      foaf_surname: Sun
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Yuanyi
      foaf_name: Li, Yuanyi
      foaf_surname: Li
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Binliang
      foaf_name: Lin, Binliang
      foaf_surname: Lin
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Tom
      foaf_name: Shatwell, Tom
      foaf_surname: Shatwell
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=86424
    orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
  bibo_doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701
  bibo_issue: '3'
  bibo_volume: 631
  dct_date: 2024^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0022-1694
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1879-2707
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Elsevier BV@
  dct_subject:
  - Vertical water renewal
  - Water age
  - Thermal stratification
  - Hypoxia
  - 3D hydrodynamic-based age model
  - Water environmental management
  dct_title: Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir@
...