---
_id: '12212'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Water quality and hypoxia in lakes and reservoirs are strongly associated
    with water renewal. Yet vertical water exchange is still not fully understood
    and challenging to evaluate in highly dynamic systems. Here, we applied a scaling
    approach using the vertical timescale, vertical water age (VWA), defined as time
    since a water parcel last touched the water surface. We established a 3D hydrodynamic-based
    age model to quantify the vertical water renewal in Xiangxi Bay, a tributary bay
    of the Three Gorges Dam. The integrated effects of hydrodynamic processes like
    stratification, intruding density currents from the mainstream, and upstream inflow
    on the vertical renewal were accounted for. Results indicated that the spatial–temporal
    distribution of VWA in Xiangxi Bay depended on stratification and forms of intruding
    density currents. Age was large in spring and summer, and small in autumn and
    winter, reaching a maximum of 25 days in April. The vertical water renewal was
    faster during bottom intrusions from the mainstream than during middle and surface
    intrusions. At times, the epilimnion contained old water due to circulations,
    and the hypolimnion contained young water due to upstream flushing. In contrast
    to natural lakes, the bottom water was often younger than overlying intermediate
    waters. This demonstrated that mixed layer depth was insufficient to fully capture
    the vertical exchange in riverine systems with significant surface/bottom intrusion.
    The findings suggested VWA as a quantitative measure of vertical water transport
    in highly dynamic systems and its usability for environmental water management.
article_number: '130701'
author:
- first_name: Bo
  full_name: Gai, Bo
  last_name: Gai
- first_name: Bertram
  full_name: Boehrer, Bertram
  last_name: Boehrer
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Sun, Jian
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Yuanyi
  full_name: Li, Yuanyi
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Binliang
  full_name: Lin, Binliang
  last_name: Lin
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
citation:
  ama: Gai B, Boehrer B, Sun J, Li Y, Lin B, Shatwell T. Vertical water age and water
    renewal in a large riverine reservoir. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>. 2024;631(3).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>
  apa: Gai, B., Boehrer, B., Sun, J., Li, Y., Lin, B., &#38; Shatwell, T. (2024).
    Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir. <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i>, <i>631</i>(3), Article 130701. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>
  bjps: <b>Gai B <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Vertical Water Age and Water Renewal in
    a Large Riverine Reservoir. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> <b>631</b>.
  chicago: Gai, Bo, Bertram Boehrer, Jian Sun, Yuanyi Li, Binliang Lin, and Tom Shatwell.
    “Vertical Water Age and Water Renewal in a Large Riverine Reservoir.” <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i> 631, no. 3 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>.
  chicago-de: Gai, Bo, Bertram Boehrer, Jian Sun, Yuanyi Li, Binliang Lin und Tom
    Shatwell. 2024. Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir.
    <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> 631, Nr. 3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gai, Bo</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Boehrer,
    Bertram</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sun, Jian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Li, Yuanyi</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lin,
    Binliang</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span>:
    Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir. In: <i>Journal
    of Hydrology</i> Bd. 631. Amsterdam, Elsevier BV (2024), Nr. 3'
  havard: B. Gai, B. Boehrer, J. Sun, Y. Li, B. Lin, T. Shatwell, Vertical water age
    and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir, Journal of Hydrology. 631 (2024).
  ieee: 'B. Gai, B. Boehrer, J. Sun, Y. Li, B. Lin, and T. Shatwell, “Vertical water
    age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir,” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>,
    vol. 631, no. 3, Art. no. 130701, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>.'
  mla: Gai, Bo, et al. “Vertical Water Age and Water Renewal in a Large Riverine Reservoir.”
    <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>, vol. 631, no. 3, 130701, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701</a>.
  short: B. Gai, B. Boehrer, J. Sun, Y. Li, B. Lin, T. Shatwell, Journal of Hydrology
    631 (2024).
  ufg: '<b>Gai, Bo u. a.</b>: Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine
    reservoir, in: <i>Journal of Hydrology</i> 631 (2024), H. 3.'
  van: Gai B, Boehrer B, Sun J, Li Y, Lin B, Shatwell T. Vertical water age and water
    renewal in a large riverine reservoir. Journal of Hydrology. 2024;631(3).
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:37:43Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T14:03:33Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130701
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       631'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Vertical water renewal
- Water age
- Thermal stratification
- Hypoxia
- 3D hydrodynamic-based age model
- Water environmental management
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam
publication: Journal of Hydrology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2707
  issn:
  - 0022-1694
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Vertical water age and water renewal in a large riverine reservoir
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 631
year: '2024'
...