---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - As production of food from animal origin is always associated with microbiological
    contamination, there is a possible risk for consumers to be exposed to pathogenic
    microorganisms. It is therefore crucial to control microbiological contamination
    at all process steps with appropriate measures to detect contamination as soon
    as possible. To evaluate the effectiveness of reduction measures integrated into
    the slaughtering process, a baseline of contamination needs to be defined. Therefore,
    this review aimed to address sampling techniques and units used to describe levels
    of contamination on pig carcasses in routine slaughter by means of a narrative
    survey. Although Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter are amongst the most relevant
    foodborne pathogens in pork production, we focussed on indicators of process hygiene
    such as Total Viable Count, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms and Escherichia coli.
    To compare the selected studies and trials, stratification by sampled matrix,
    sampling method, process step and unit was necessary. This investigation showed
    a wide variety of sampling techniques within those factors, which hinders the
    comparability of results across different studies. Furthermore, the reporting
    of standard statistical metrics was often inadequate, emphasising the need to
    harmonise sampling techniques and methodological reporting for both scientific
    and practical perspectives. Therefore, this review assessed the sampling methods
    used at each process step and for each sampled matrix individually and identified
    the missing statistical metrics. Establishing this foundation is essential for
    selecting the most relevant matrices and methods and for developing a guide to
    improve data quality and comparability across future studies.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Alina
      foaf_name: Kirse, Alina
      foaf_surname: Kirse
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Bastian
      foaf_name: Wyink, Bastian
      foaf_surname: Wyink
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Henrike
      foaf_name: von Haacke, Henrike
      foaf_surname: von Haacke
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Thomas
      foaf_name: Alter, Thomas
      foaf_surname: Alter
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Niels
      foaf_name: Bandick, Niels
      foaf_surname: Bandick
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Nina
      foaf_name: Langkabel, Nina
      foaf_surname: Langkabel
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Diana
      foaf_name: Meemken, Diana
      foaf_surname: Meemken
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Matthias
      foaf_name: Upmann, Matthias
      foaf_surname: Upmann
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=12666
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Lothar
      foaf_name: Kreienbrock, Lothar
      foaf_surname: Kreienbrock
  bibo_doi: 10.1186/s40550-025-00129-7
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 13
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2731-9245
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: BioMed Central @
  dct_subject:
  - Swine
  - Abattoir
  - Slaughter hygiene
  - Data harmonisation
  - Microbial count
  - PICO process
  dct_title: Microbial carcass contamination during pig slaughter – a narrative overview
    on recent data and documentation in routine slaughter@
...