---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - The aging of biodiesel proceeds via multiple pathways, with oligomerization playing
    a central role. In this study, we investigated an epoxide-dependent oligomerization
    pathway, which had previously only been postulated. Using methyl oleate (C18:1)
    as a model monounsaturated fatty acid and acetic acid as a representative, reactive
    nucleophile and known biodiesel aging product with a suitable boiling point, oligomeric
    products were identified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with electrospray
    ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). The concentration
    of 20 wt% was chosen to ensure a measurable kinetic effect while maintaining stable
    reaction conditions. Furthermore, the role of methyl oleate during biodiesel aging
    was addressed. Time-resolved analysis confirmed the proposed sequential order
    of reactions. It was pointed out that elimination reactions may occur. The data
    support the formation of epoxides, despite the isobaric overlap with ketones,
    and show that hydroxyl intermediates undergo esterification and etherification.
    Moreover, experiments with pure C18:1 demonstrated that acetic acid–derived oligomers
    are generated. Under Rancimat conditions, addition of 20 wt% acetic acid resulted
    in an approximately 1.1 – 2.6 increase in product yield. Kinetic analysis revealed
    structure-dependent formation and decay behavior of the aging products, with slightly
    faster epoxidation and shifted product distributions toward higher oligomeric
    species in the presence of acetic acid. Reactive intermediates were consumed more
    rapidly than oligomeric species and all decay processes followed apparent second-order
    kinetics. These findings provide direct experimental evidence for the involvement
    of epoxide-dependent pathways in biodiesel aging.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Julian
      foaf_name: Türck, Julian
      foaf_surname: Türck
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Carsten
      foaf_name: Funke, Carsten
      foaf_surname: Funke
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=74167
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Fabian
      foaf_name: Schmitt, Fabian
      foaf_surname: Schmitt
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jan
      foaf_name: Schneider, Jan
      foaf_surname: Schneider
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=13209
    orcid: 0000-0001-6401-8873
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Hans-Jürgen
      foaf_name: Danneel, Hans-Jürgen
      foaf_surname: Danneel
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=12231
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ralf
      foaf_name: Türck, Ralf
      foaf_surname: Türck
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Wolfgang
      foaf_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
      foaf_surname: Ruck
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jürgen
      foaf_name: Krahl, Jürgen
      foaf_surname: Krahl
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=68870
  bibo_doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339
  bibo_volume: 424
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0016-2361
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1873-7153
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Elsevier@
  dct_subject:
  - Biodiesel aging
  - Epoxide-dependent oligomerization
  - Acetic acid
  - Identification of aging products
  - Kinetics of aging products
  dct_title: Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of
    methyl oleate@
...