---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Biopharmaceutical quality in upstream mammalian cell culture has historically
    relied on Quality-by-Test (QbT) paradigm, where fixed processes are verified by
    end-point assays despite limited process observability and substantial biological
    variability. This chapter discusses how Process Analytical Technology (PAT), aligned
    with the Quality-by-Design (QbD) framework, enables measurement-driven process
    understanding and timely control by linking the trajectories of critical process
    parameters (CPPs) to critical quality attributes (CQAs). We review fit-for-purpose
    at-line, on-line, and in-line analytical technologies used in mammalian cell culture
    and summarize their roles across the process development and manufacturing lifecycle.
    Applications include multivariate process characterization, state-based monitoring
    and control, and trajectory-based process supervision. Finally, we outline future
    directions toward IIoT-enabled connectivity, soft sensors, and integrated multi-sensor
    PAT platforms, which are expected to support adaptive control strategies, digital
    twins, and ultimately autonomous biomanufacturing.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Cheol-Hwan
      foaf_name: Park, Cheol-Hwan
      foaf_surname: Park
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Yunjoo
      foaf_name: Jeon, Yunjoo
      foaf_surname: Jeon
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Selina
      foaf_name: Uhlendorff, Selina
      foaf_surname: Uhlendorff
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=85335
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Miriam
      foaf_name: Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam
      foaf_surname: Pein-Hackelbusch
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=64952
    orcid: 0000-0002-7920-0595
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Dong-Yup
      foaf_name: Lee, Dong-Yup
      foaf_surname: Lee
  bibo_doi: 10.1016/b978-0-443-24738-5.00086-0
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Elsevier@
  dct_title: Process Analytical Technology in Upstream Mammalian Cell Cultures@
...